1 el pretérito de los verbos 2 presente vs. preterito: up to now we’ve talked about actions that...
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El Pretéritode los verbos
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Presente vs. Preterito:
Up to now we’ve talked about actions that happen in the present, that happen on a regular basis, or that are happening right now. These verbs are in the simple present.
Next we’re going to learn how to talk about the past in Spanish. One way is to talk about an action that started and finished in the past. This tense is called the preterite.
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Ejs: I played soccer yesterday.I bought a shirt on Sunday.
I traveled to Spain last summer.
El Pretérito:
• is a past tense (“-ed”)• talks about what happened• is a completed action that started and finished; “over and done with.”
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In English, a regular preterite form looks like this:
walk > walked play > played say > said drive > drove
Others are irregular (unpredictable): go > wentbe > was, were
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The pretérito takes time expressions in the past that signify the action is a completed past action:
Anoche el año pasadoAyer el mes pasadoAnteayer el verano pasado
el viernes pasadola semana pasada
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The stem for regular verbs in the pretérito is the infinitive stem.
Tomar tom-Hablar habl-
Caminar camin-Comprar compr
Cantar cant-
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Pretérito endings for -ar verbs are:
-é -aste -ó
-amos
-aron
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REMEMBER:
• accents on the “yo” form and the “él / ella / Ud.” form
•-ar “nosotros” form is the same in present and pretérito
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(-ar verbs)
tométomastetomó
tomamostomaron
Por ejemplo:
tomar
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(-ar verbs)
habléhablastehabló
hablamos
hablaron
Por ejemplo:
hablar
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(-ar verbs)
trabajétrabajastetrabajó
trabajamos
trabajaron
Por ejemplo:
trabajar
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¿Qué hicieron las personas ayer?
I. Escriban usando el pretérito y traduzcan en inglés:
1. Yo / hablar2. Julio / trabajar3. Nosotros / estudiar4. Los chicos / jugar5. Tú y Anita / escuchar6. Tú / mirar
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¿Qué hicieron las personas?I. Escriban usando el pretérito y
traduzcan en inglés:1. Tú / trabajar / ayer2. Ana / estudiar / anoche3. Mis amigos y yo / viajar / el
verano pasado4. Yo / comprar ropa / el viernes
pasado5. Los chicos / jugar al baloncesto /
anteayer
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Most verbs that are stem-changing (o /u to ue; e to ie) do not stem change in the preterit
ex: almorzar (o-ue)Present = tú almuerzas Pret. = almorzaste
ex: (jugar) (u – ue) Present = ellos juegan Pret. = jugaron
ex: (pensar) (e-ie)Present = yo pienso Pret. = pensé
Stem Change Verbs:
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Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and-zar have a spelling change in the “yo” form of the pretérito.
buscar tocar practicarpagar jugar llegaralmorzar empezar comenzar
Unos Irregulares:
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The “yo” form of the pretérito changes to conserve the sound of the infinitive:
-car-gar-zar
“-qu锓-gu锓-cé”
“toc锓jug锓rezé”
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(-car verbs)
practiquépracticastepracticó
practicamos
practicaron
Por ejemplo:
practicar
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(-car verbs)
busquébuscastebuscó
buscamos
buscaron
Por ejemplo:
buscar
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(-gar verbs)
juguéjugastejugó
jugamos
jugaron
Por ejemplo:
jugar
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(-gar verbs)
paguépagastepagó
pagamos
pagaron
Por ejemplo:
pagar
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(-zar verbs)
almorcéalmorzastealmorzó
almorzamos
almorzaron
Por ejemplo:
almorzar
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(-zar verbs)
empecéempezasteempezó
empezamos
empezaron
Por ejemplo:
empezar
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I. Escriban usando el pretérito:
1. (llegar) Yo ___ temprano a clase ayer.
2. (empezar) Yo ____ la tarea despues de la cena anoche.
3. (pagar) Yo ____ la cuenta al restaurante el viernes pasado.
4. (sacar) El año pasado, yo ____ buenas notas en todas mis clases.
5. (tocar) El mes pasado, yo ___ la guitarra al concierto.
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Pretérito endings for –er / -ir verbs are the SAME:
-í -iste -ió
-imos
-ieron
Nota: The 3rd per. sing. accents the “o” NOT the “i”
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ER verbs that are stem-changing (o to ue; e to ie) do not stem change in the preterit (they have regular forms)
ex: volver (o-ue) = to returnPresent = yo vuelvo Pret. = yo volví
ex: (perder) (e-ie) = to losePresent = ella pierde Pret. = perdió
*Ver = to see omits the accent mark on endingsex: vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron
Stem Change Verbs:
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(-er verbs)
comícomistecomió
comimos
comieron
Por ejemplo:
comer
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(-er verbs)
volvívolvistevolvió
volvimos
volvieron
Por ejemplo:
volver
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(-ir verbs)
abríabristeabrió
abrimos
abrieron
Por ejemplo:
abrir
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(-ir verbs)
escribíescribisteescribió
escribimos
escribieron
Por ejemplo:
escribir
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Practiquen las formas de los verbos de –er y –ir en el pretérito y escriban una frase completa y traduzan las frases en inglés:
1. Yo / comer2. Juan / abrir3. Mis amgios / escribir4. Tú / vivir5. Anita y tú / aprender6. Ana / vender7. Uds. / correr8. Nosotros / salir9. Yo / ver
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Rewrite from the present to the preterit con las expresiones del tiempo en el preterito:
1. Salgo de mi casa a las ocho de la mañana.2. Uds. escriben una composición en español hoy.3. Anita y yo saludamos a nuestros amigos.4. Rosita vive en la ciudad de México.5. Mis hermanitas estudian por la noche.6. Tú bebes mucho café esta noche.
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Traduzcan la pregunta en español y contesten también:
1. At what time did you watch TV yesterday?
2. Did Juan speak on the phone with his friend last night?
3. What did you all eat for dinner the day before last?
4. Where did they see a movie last weekend?
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Write a 100 word minimum story on the following topic. Be creative. Invent characters. Include an intro, body and conclusion answering who, what, when, where and why. Vary your verbs.
“Yo sé lo que hiciste tú el verano pasado.”