1 elitex 2008, new delhi making negp happen – views and perception: process framework as enabler...
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ELITEX 2008, New Delhi
Making NeGP Happen – Views and Perception:
Process Framework as Enabler of NeGP
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 2
Process Framework as Enabler for NeGP
by
Dr D.C.Misra, I.A.S. (Retd.)Independent E-government Consultant, New Delhi,
Formerly Chief Knowledge Officer, Government of Mauritius, Port Louis under Commonwealth Secretariat, London and
Chairman, Task Force for IT Policy for Government of NCT of Delhi
Address: C-183 Madhuvan, Madhuvan Marg, New Delhi-110092
Tel: 91-11-22452431 Fax: 91-11-42445183 Cell: 0-9010891700
Web: http://in.geocities.com/drdcmisra/mypage.html
Blog: http://egov-india.blogspot.com/ Email: [email protected]
January 18, 2007 (10 a.m. to 11-30 a.m.)
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 3
The Process Framework
The Basic Process Foundation
Situation Vision
(Where are we?) (Where we want to go?)
Planning
(How to go there?)
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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What is Process?
INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS
(Inter-related tasks)
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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National E-governance Plan
The NeGP Processes transform Self-Centric Governance to Citizen-Centric E-governance
Governance
X Self-Centric
E-governance
Citizen-centric
National E-governance Plan
(Input)
(Output)
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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NeGP Key Process Frameworks: An Overview
A. Policy Framework: (a) National (b) State levels
B. Legal Framework: (a) Cyberspace (b) G2C (c) G2B (d) G2G
C. Database Framework: (a) Online databases (b) Statistical databases
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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NeGP Key Process Frameworks
D. Plan Framework: (a) Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) (b) State Wide Area Networks (SWANs) (c) State Data Centres (SDCs) (d) Common Service Centres (CSCs)
E. Linkage Framework: (a) National (b) State and (c) private programmes
F. E-engagement Framework: (a) Citizens (b) Non-citizens
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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NeGP Process Frameworks
A. Policy Processes
(a) National IT Policy, and
(b) State IT Policies
(c) Periodical Review of Policies
(d) State of E-governance Report
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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NeGP Process Frameworks
B. Legal Processes
(a) Processes of Cyberspace
(b) G2C Processes
(c) G2B Processes
(d) G2G Processes
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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(a) Processes of Cyberspace
East Coast Code (Washington, D.C.)- Old legal processes
West Coast Code (Silicon Valley)- Software and hardware processes
Norms (Processes of community of surfers)
Market (Information exchange processes)Source: Lessig (1999)
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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(b) G2C Processes
Single Sign On
Citizen ID
E-form
E-district
Cyber Laws
Security & Privacy
G2C
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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Single Sign On Process
Is single/unified national database catering to various services possible?
Is such a database legally enabled?
What are operational implications?
What are cost implications?
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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Citizen ID ProcessesMultiplicity of Citizen ID Processes
Citizenship Act (Certificate) / Passport Act (Passport)
Representation of the People Act (Voter Identity Card) -186 million eligible voters do not have EPIC
Income Tax Act (PAN Card) / Motor Vehicles Act (Driving License)
Executive Instructions (Ration Card)- Illegal to use for any other purpose
Nasscom- National Skills Registry for IT/ITES Professionals (Software Engineer Unique ID No.)
Unique Cyber ID?
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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Multiplicity of Citizen ID Processes
Electricity Bill, Water Bill, Telephone Bill, Bank Pass Book, Insurance Policies, Credit/Debit Cards
What for do we need Citizen ID Cards? Single or Multiple? Use-specific or generic?
U.K. has made it compulsory by Identity Card Act 2006. Collects 49 pieces of information
In the U.S., it is controversial subject. Only 17% Americans are in favour of it (Garson 2006)
Can we do it for government employees in the first instance?
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 15
E-Form Process
Eliminates Paper
Automatic Formatting and Validation
Assisted by computer program
Can be emailed
Can support decision-making
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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Processes of Cyber Laws
Cyber Laws
Cyber
Laws
Substantive (IT Act, etc.)
Supportive (IPC,etc.)
Subordinate (IT Rules, etc)
Proposed (Amendment, New Bill, etc.)
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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Security and Privacy Processes
Information security management
Compliance with ISO/IEC 17799:2005
Sensitisation of personnel to security
Respect for Citizen’s right to privacy
Statutory support for citizen protection
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 18
E-District Processes
Pilot project in willing states
Integrated service delivery (Land Records, Property Registration, Property Taxes, Agriculture, Passport, Police, etc.)
Linkage with Common Service Centres (CSCs) and State Wide Area Network (SWAN)
Database at district level
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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(c) G2B Processes
E-Business Processes
G2B E-taxation and E-filing
E-trade and E-commerce
E-banking
E-procurement
E-security
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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(d) G2G Processes
Citizen ID/ E-form/ E-district Processes
E-state E-district
E-Centre
National Portal
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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C. Database Framework Processes
(a) Online Database Processes
Decision-making is based on databases
Every organisation sets up its own database
Organisations mistrust each other’s databases
Can there be a single national citizen database?
What is the current status of online databases?
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 22
Online Database Processes
Territorial (Centre, State, and District Databases)
Metadata (Data about data) (on the lines of UK Government Metadata Standard (e-GMS).
Indian E-government Thesaurus (Items, Keywords) (on the lines of UK Pan-Government Thesaurus)
Specialty Search Engine (on the lines of USA.gov – Based on “Dynamic Clustering” (Clustering on the fly) and “Meta Search” (Searches of other search engines).
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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(b) Statistical Database Processes
Indian Statistical System
Population Census
Agricultural Census
Agricultural Input Surveys
Annual Survey of Industries
National Sample Surveys, etc.
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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D. Plan Process Frameworks
(a) Processes for Mission Mode Projects
Central Sector: (National ID, MCA 21, Income Tax, Excise, Passports, etc.) No jurisdictional problem. Suggestions: (a) Give incentives for online transactions, (b) For example, give rebate in income tax for online filing, etc.
State Sector: (Agriculture, Land Records, Transport, Municipalities, Gram Panchayats, etc.) No jurisdictional problem. Suggestions: (a) Give preference to laggard states, (b) Launch national competition for innovative projects, etc.
Common Projects: (a) India Portal (b) E-courts (c) E-office, (d) E-procurement, etc.
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 25
(b) Processes for State Wide Area Network
Part of NeGP Infrastructure- SWAN, SDCc, and CSCs
2 Mbps connectivity up to block level
Monitoring of progress
Inter-changeability between software and hardware
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 26
(c) Processes for State Data Centres
Many national organisations like Survey of India, Indian Census, have their own SDCs
Two types of databases are needed at national level: (a) Central, and (b) Centralised databases
(a) Central: Relating to Central Government- Customs,Excise,Income Tax,Foreign Trade,etc)
(b) Centralised: Relating to State Governments but maintained centrally by Central Government
Linkage with District Data Centres and creation of database at the district level
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 27
(d) Processes for Common Service Centres (CSCs)
Supply Side and Demand Side of E-gov
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Model
Virtual Community, Electronic Cottage, One-Stop Shop for Citizens
Requirements of all age groups met
Public and Private Services
Role of PCOs/ Cyber cafe
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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E. Processes for Linkage with other programmes
Linkage with central programmes
Linkage with state programmes
Linkage with private programmes
Linkage with civil society organisation (CSO) programmes
Involvement of all stakeholders at village level including extension agencies
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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F. Processes for E-engagement of Citizens and Non-Citizens
Creation of Public Value / Value Addition
Investment in Social Capital
Include E-engagement Framework for Citizens and Non-Citizens in NeGP
Introduce Feedback, Discussion Forum, RSS Feed*, Blog**, Wiki and E-petition in official portals
*Ramanathan V. Guha- Netscape-1999 **SP South Kannada (Dayananda Bannikal), IT Department
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 30
Process Framework as Enabler of NeGP
National E-governance Plan
Common Service Centres
Mission
Mode
Projects
State
Wide
Area
Network
State
Data
Centres
Linkage with other programmesE-e
ng
agem
ent
of
Cit
izen
s
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 31
NeGP Process FrameworkNational Portal
Centre
Districts
Panchayats Municipalities
Life Events Service Streams
States
E-engagement of Citizens and Non-Citizens
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 32
Conclusion
1. Embrace n-Governments (networked governments).
It is feasible and desirable.
Give up i-Government (integrated government).
It is neither feasible nor desirable.
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 33
Distinction between i-government and
n-governments
S.N. Parameter Integrated government
(i-government)
Networked governments
(n-governments )
1 Location One place Distributed
2 Ownership Single owner Multiple owners
3 Centrality Centralised Decentralised
4 Legality Not permissible Permissible
5 Expense Less expensive More expensive
6 Redundancies More redundancies Less redundancies
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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Conclusion2. Legally enable e-government services.
3. Include Linkage with other Programmes Framework in NeGP
4. Include E-engagement Framework for Citizens and Non-Citizens in NeGP
5. Include databases of Indian statistical system in NeGP, and
6. Create robust database at the district level
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 35
References• Garson, G. David (2006): Public Information Technology and E-governance:
Managing the Virtual State, Sudbury, MA, Jones and Bartlett
• Lessig, Lawrence (1999): Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, New York, Basic Books
• Misra, D.C. (2008): Annual Survey of E-government 2008: Emerging E-government Challenges: Past Imperfect, Present Tense but Future Promising, http://topics.developmentgateway.org/ict/rc/ItemDetail.do~1126246 (accessed: January 4, 2007)
• Misra, D.C. (2007a): E-government: From Networked Society to Networked Governments, Management in Government, New Delhi, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India, XXXIX(3)17-36, October-December, http://darpg.nic.in/arpg-website/BestPracticesInGovt/mig.asp
• Misra, D.C. (2007b): Select Aspects of Conceptual Foundations of E-government: Clearing the Fog for a Better Vision, Paper contributed to 5th International Conference on E-governance (ICEG 2007), December 28-30, 2007, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, http://www.iceg.net/2007/
• Misra, D.C. (2007c): Sixty Years of Development of E-governance in India (1947-2007): Are there Lessons for Developing Countries? Paper contributed to 1st International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (ICEGOV2007), December 10-13, 2007, Macao, SAR China, www.icegov.org
ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
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Thank you
Have a nice day!--Dr D.C.MISRA