1 essential computing concepts. 2 memory central processing unit (cpu) input auxiliary storage...
TRANSCRIPT
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Essential Computing Concepts
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Memory
Central processing unit(CPU)
Input
Auxiliary Storage
Auxiliary StorageAuxiliary
Storage
Output
Any Computer System
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The PC Today
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Inside the PC
On
Off
A bit or binary digit has one of two values, zero or one
A byte is the smallest addressable unit of memory (8 bits)
ASCII provides for 256(or 28) characters 01000001 – A 01000010 – B etc.
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Intel trademarked its chip as the Pentium Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV Clock speed (MHz or GHz) differentiates
chips The central processing unit (cpu) or
“brain” of the PC
The Microprocessor
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Memory
Transient (erased when power turned off) Consider a UPS (uninterrupted power supply)
Measured in bytes 1 Kilobyte = 210 characters (~1,000 bytes) 1 Megabyte = 220 characters (~1,000,000 bytes) 1 Gigabyte = 230 characters (~1,000,000,000 bytes)
Need 256Mb or 512Mb of RAM Keep multiple programs & data files in memory Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory
The Original PC had 16Kb of memory
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Auxiliary Storage
Floppy Disk No longer standard
Hard (fixed) disk 30 Gb and higher
Removable storage CD-ROM CD-R/CD-RW DVD/DVD-R/DVD-RW Zip disks Tape
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Input Devices
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The Monitor Resolution is expressed in
picture elements or pixels; (800 x 600 or 1024 x 768)
The higher the resolution, the more you can see at one time.
Larger monitors enable you to you run at higher resolutions; e.g., 19” to run 1024 x 768 comfortably
A graphics card speeds processing
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Lower Resolution (800 x 600)
Displays 20 rows and 8 columns
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Higher Resolution (1024 x 768)
Displays 28 rows and 12 columns
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The Printer Ink Jet
Today’s entry level Laser
Top-of-the line Four-in-one functionality
Printer, scanner, fax, copier
Network printer
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Software System Software – Microsoft Windows
Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Professional Edition What Windows does not have - File Compression,
Antivirus, Graphical FTP Application Software – Microsoft Office
Core applications – Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint
Personal Information Manager – Outlook Other applications – FrontPage and Publisher New to Office 2003 - OneNote and InfoPath
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Disk and File Management A file is a set of instructions or data
Program file: Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel Data File: Document or workbook
Copy, move, rename or delete a file A folder allows us to organize our files
May contain files and/or other folders
A back up strategy is critical What (data), When (whenever it changes), Where
(off site), How (Windows Explorer), and Who (you)
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Windows Explorer
Homework is the active folder
- Sign indicate object is expanded
Milestones in Communication is
selected file
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Maintaining Your SystemWindows update takes place
automatically
Double click to install a printer Double click to add
new user
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A computer virus is an actively infectious program that can erase data and/or alter the way your computer works
Worms and Trojan horses are other types of infectious programs, but all are bad
Computer viruses are spread through email, and/or infected floppy disks
Windows does not include an antivirus program; i.e., you must buy it separately and update it frequently
Antivirus Software
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File Transfer Protocol Graphical FTP is not part of Windows
Selected file to FTP Click to upload
Where you will FTP the file
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File Compression Use WinZip (or
compatible) program to create a compressed file or archive
Create a self-extracting file from the archive that does not require supporting software
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Introduction to Networks
Most people work in a network environment Home network Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)
The physical structure includes: interface cards, cables, hubs, switches, and routers
Protect your password!
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From LAN to WAN
(a) Home Network
(b) Local Area Network
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From LAN to WAN (continued)
(c) Wide Area Network
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The Internet and World Wide Web
The Internet Network of networks Began in 1969 as a
government project Original network had 4
computers; No central authority and
thus impossible to know the exact size
The World Wide Web A subset of the Internet
consisting of computers that store hypertext documents
Invented by Tim Berners Lee who wanted to share notes with colleagues at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) in Switzerland
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A message travels the Internet
All that matters is the beginning and ending address
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Acronyms Abound HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol is used to
transmit Web documents HTTPS – Secure protocol for confidential
transactions HTML – The language in which all Web
documents are displayed TCP/IP – A suite of protocols that allows
multiple platforms to communicate ISP – Internet Service Provider
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The Exploring Office Web Site
Web address (or URL)
Internet Explorer is the browser
HTTP protocol
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E-Mail (Electronic Mail) E-mail is simply a means of sending
messages via computer There should be no expectation of privacy Every e-mail address is unique and consists
of two parts, a username and a host computer; e.g. [email protected]
You can obtain an account at school, pay for an account through an ISP such as AOL, or get free email accounts at sites like www.hotmail.com or www.yahoo.com
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The Mail Folders
Inbox – new messages as well as messages that have been read
Outbox – messages not yet sent Sent items – messages that have been sent
(moved here from outbox) Deleted items – messages deleted from any
folder Custom folders – additional folders created
by the user
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Additional E-mail Capabilities Address Book
Contains the e-mail addresses of frequent contacts
Enables you to enter an alias (e.g., “Bob” instead of the complete address)
Distribution List A set of e-mail addresses stored under one
name Ideal for your professor to e-mail the class
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Parts of the E-mail Message
Recipients
Message text
Subject
Attachment