1 expertise in policy making policy formulation, implementation and evaluation relies more than ever...
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Expertise in Policy Making
• Policy formulation, implementation and
evaluation relies more than ever on scientific
knowledge and the different kinds of expertise.
• This growing importance of science in public
affairs is not an isolated phenomenon and only
reflects the fundamental role of science in our
modern society.
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• Citizens have ambiguous feelings about science and
scientists. Science is seen as a potential solution to all
challenges but also as a source of threat.
• Eurobarometer 2005 on Europeans, Science and
Technology evidenced the ambivalent attitude and its
negative elements: Decline in young people’s interest in science Strong/Violent public opposition to certain scientific
developments (GMOs,..) Fears that research could undermine personal integrity. Feelings that research and scientific development may be
harmful to the planet.
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• In this context, reflections have been undertaken on
more appropriate ways to produce and channel
relevant scientific advice to decision-makers and
ensure its optimal use.
• This led to the creation of new scientific advisory
bodies at national and European level and adoption
of new body of legislation or guidelines.
• The main key words are transparency,
independence, and credibility.
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• The wider debate on new forms of governance
asking for clearer responsibility along the decision
making chain and greater involvement of the
public/stakeholders, is also a driving force.
• A high priority is to guarantee the democratic
nature and political acceptance of the process. The
degree of the public trust in the consultation
process matters as much as the quality and
diversity of the expertise.
Cooperationmio € 32,365Cooperationmio € 32,365
Ideasmio € 7460
Ideasmio € 7460
Peoplemio € 4728
Peoplemio € 4728
Capacitiesmio € 4217Capacitiesmio € 4217
EC RTD PolicyEC RTD PolicyFramework ProgrammeFramework Programme
FP7 2007-2013FP7 2007-2013
EC RTD PolicyEC RTD PolicyFramework ProgrammeFramework Programme
FP7 2007-2013FP7 2007-2013
+ JRC (nuclear & non-nuclear) + Euratom
Infrastructure
s mio € 1700
SME mio € 1336
Regions mio € 126
Potential mio € 370
Science in Society
mio € 330International
mio € 185
•Gender and research
1 -More dynamic governance of the
science and society relationship
1 -More dynamic governance of the
science and society relationship
2 - Strengthening potential, broadening
horizons
2 - Strengthening potential, broadening
horizons
3 - Science and society communicate
3 - Science and society communicate
•Place of science and technology in
society
•Society’s engagement on science issues
•Our science system, its
professional codes, expertise
•Role of the universities - modernisation
•Young people between science education and
research careers
•Two-way communication of science and the public; the
role of the media
Science in Society 3 action lines
Action line 1: A more dynamic governance of the S&S
relationship
Overall objective: contribute to a better understanding of the governance of science and to support the development of an open governance of scientific research which encompasses societal concerns and involves civil society and its organisations in research policy.
•Activity 1.1 Better understanding of the place of science and technology (S&T) in society •1.1.1 Relationships between science, democracy and law•1.1.2 Research on ethics in science and technology•1.1.3 The reciprocal influence of science and culture•1.1.4 The role and the image of scientists•1.1.5 Public understanding of science and promotion of public debate
•Activity 1.2 Developing governance to anticipate and clarify political, societal and ethical issues•1.2.1 Broader engagement on science-related questions •1.2.2 Conditions for an informed debate on ethics and science
Action line 1: A more dynamic governance of the S&S relationship
•Activity 1.3 Strengthening and improving the European science system •1.3.1 Encouraging the debate on information dissemination, including
access to scientific results and the future of scientific publications, taking also into account measures to improve access by the public.•1.3.2 Promoting trust and self-regulation in the scientific community•1.3.3 Improving the use, and monitoring the impact, of scientific advice and expertise for policy-making in Europe (including risk management), and developing practical tools and schemes (e.g. electronic networks),
•Activity 1.4 The evolving role of universities
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The use of ICT can support the networking of actors
involved in advisory processes and enable the
development of new cooperation/communication
schemes which should progressively promote:
• A reduction of unnecessary redundancy of efforts (e.g.
National/regional advice can be used as a basis in other contexts
and adapted )
• An improved reaction time (in case of urgency or to get a first
quick assessment)
ICT to help enriching the Advisory processes
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• A Better understanding of the different (good)
practices/methodologies and whenever relevant the
development of common practices.
• Mobilise more easily a large number of organisations/experts
and enrich further the knowledge base by involving experts with
different cultures and coming from several disciplines (to cope
with the multi-disciplinarity and ever more complex nature of the
issues at stake)
• Create positive synergies among advisory bodies in the same
and related policy fields (e.g. for health: agriculture,
environment,etc.)
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• Possibility to inform and consult widely at different stages:
– to better define the questions and understand their context,
– to collect/access a wider range of opinions and expertise
when formulating the advice (with a potential higher degree
of interactivity)
– and ultimately to get feedback once the advice is published
and promote its dissemination and impact (interaction with
decisions makers and final users/impacted actors/population)
– monitor the implementation, draw lessons and undertake
corrective actions whenever appropriate and possible.
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ICT can offer more flexibility, and enable more adaptive and inclusive advisory processes
Actors/Stakeholders Citizens
Experts in Topic A
Experts in Topic A
Experts in Topic A
Experts in Topic B
Experts in Topic C
Advisory bodyTopic A
Advisory body
Topic A
Decision Makers
Need/request for advice Follow-upAdvice
issued t
Advisory bodyTopic B
Advisory bodyTopic AAdvisory body
Topic A
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SINAPSEScientific information and expertise
for policy support in Europe
http://europa.eu/sinapse
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WHAT IS SINAPSE
• An electronic network accessible via the
Internet.
• A communication channel between the
expert community and the policy makers,
including the European institutions.
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• Better mobilise expertise / scientific knowledge in
support to policy making (one of the two key
objectives of the EU RTD policy).
• SINAPSE is a practical tool to support the EU efforts to develop new forms of governance. It will facilitate the involvement of actors/stakeholders that at present can't be easily consulted or encounter difficulties to share their knowledge and viewpoint.
MAIN OBJECTIVES
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The membership• More than 1200 organisations and 5500 members are currently registered. • As regards the scientific community, this includes some of the largest European/international organisations :
– ESF (European Science Foundation)– ICSU (International Council for Science)– ALLEA (All European Academies)– FEAM (Federation of the European Academies of Medecine)– UNICA (Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe)– EUA (European University Association)– EURO-CASE (European Council of Applied Sciences)– EARMA (European Association of Research Managers and
Administrators)
– EUROHORCS (European Union Research Organisations Head of Research Councils)
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The membership
– EIRMA (European Industrial Research Management Association) – EARTO (European Association of Research and Technology Organisations)
– EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organisation)– EASAC (European Academies Scientific Advisory Council)– Academia Europaea– European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) – European Mathematical Society (EMS) – European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) – COST– As well as several national research/health/ethics councils, research
organisations, science academies, various advisory bodies covering different policy areas, and other organisations interested by the use of expertise in policy making etc.
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SINAPSE MAIN TOOLS
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In brief SINAPSE will offer the following communication tools:
A “Yellow Pages” section to quickly identify and
contact experts or organisations with specific
expertise;
• An EC consultation module which will allow the Commission services to support existing consultation mechanisms, such as committee meetings;
• A library of expert advice aiming at increasing the dissemination, use and impact of issued advice;
SINAPSE TOOLS
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• Modules to set-up “e-Communities” of members sharing a common interest (within communities: libraries of documents and links, “message board”, thematic discussions/surveys etc);
• An early warning system that the members can use as a channel for sending early-warning signals and raising awareness on issues were expertise plays a significant role;
• A Web Search service which will, once operational , allow focused and thematic searches in the web sources of the members.
SINAPSE TOOLS (II)
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SINAPSE e-CommunitiesEasy exchange and share of information
in a group of members with a common interest
LIBRARY OFLINKS
LIBRARY OFDOCUMENTS
e-DEBATES(DISCUSSIONS/ SURVEYS)
MESSAGEBOARD
CALENDAR
WWW ?
DOCUMENTS
CONTRIBUTIONS
WITHIN A DISCUSSION / SURVEY
PRINCIPAL MODULES
NOTIFICATION SYSTEM ENABLING
MEMBERS TO BE INFORMED OF
ACTIVITIES CORRESPONDING TO THEIR PREFERENCES
POSSIBILITY TO CREATE SPECIFIC THEMES AND FOR
MEMBERS TO ASSOCIATE
THEMSELVES WITH SOME OF THEM. WWW
LINKS
Public SurveysPublic Library Public
CalendarPublic Library
WEB SEARCH(in development)
COMMUNITY ADMINISTRATION- ONE OR MORE ADMINISTRATORS- AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL VALIDATION OF ITEMS POSTED- MANAGEMENT OF FOLDER STRUCTURES- MEMBER MANAGEMENT , ETC.There is a specific management module for each discussion/survey
PERSONALISATIONe-communities can be graphically personalised and easy two way navigation established between the community and a website
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SINAPSE e-Communities
• The Community is a private space offering also a communication with the outside via the « public elements ».
• The members are independent and have full autonomy in the management of the community (launch of new activities, upload of documents, changes in the membership, etc.)
• The basic use is simple but the tool offers enhanced functionalities whenever the needs emerge.
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SINAPSE Communities• Beyond the internal communication possibilities, one advantage of setting up a community in SINAPSE is the capacity to establish links with other networks/ organisations and to enlarge, if appropriate, the community to new relevant members who join the network and have compatible interest with the Community. (invite contacts and network).
• The members of the organisations already in the community have automatic access to the community if they register in SINAPSE.• Beyond the community: the members can benefit and use the other SINAPSE tools and create for example specific communities with other organisations.
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SINAPSE Communities - EXAMPLES• European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
• Group of Custom Laboratories (GCL – DG TAXUD)
• European Scientific Advice Network on Health (EUSANH).
• Networking of the National Ethics Council (NEC Forum)
• EC FP7: Ethical Review – ERA Expert Groups
• EURAXESS Links USA-Japan-China (network of European researchers)
• Network of the Universities from the Capital of Europe (UNICA).
• EU Commission – Justice Forum / Measure of administrative burden & Impact Assessment.
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Community direct WEB access and password protected
The community home page has its own address.Direct links also available for public elements (e.g. public library of
documents or public surveys or public calendar)
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Example / COMMUNITY OF THE FORUM OF NATIONAL ETHICS COUNCILS (NEC FORUM)
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LIBRARY OF DOCUMENTS
• A library of documents organised in folders
Access the documents from anywhere. The tree of folders offers an intuitive display and targeted notifications
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LIBRARY OF DOCUMENTS
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SEARCH (Example: EuSANH Public Library)
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Easy link between public elements and initiator’s website
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The community tools as extensions of initiator’s website
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CALENDAR
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PUBLIC/PRIVATE CONSULTATION with Direct WEB Access
/
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PUBLIC/PRIVATE CONSULTATION
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PUBLIC/PRIVATE DEBATES with Direct WEB Access
/
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NOTIFICATION SETTINGS
Can be restricted to specific Folders and Themes. Frequency of notification chosen by the users for each community module By default, notifications are set to once a day for all folders.
PERSONALISE THE DESIGN OF THE COMMUNITY
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SINAPSEScientific information and expertise
for policy support in Europe
http://europa.eu/sinapse