1 final exam review part 3 9 th grade global history and geography ms. marten
TRANSCRIPT
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Medieval Europe (500-1500)Medieval Europe (500-1500)• lord provided fiefs (land) in exchange for loyalty and services of vassals (knights)
• LAND = MONEY $$$
• decentralized government-NO strong central government
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Medieval Europe-FeudalismMedieval Europe-Feudalism• Manors=Lord’s estate
*self-sufficient economic units of the Middle Ages
• Every manor had a church
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Feudalism—Japan and EuropeFeudalism—Japan and Europe• No social mobility
• King and Emperor only figureheads
• Japan—merchants were viewed as having little social status
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Feudalism—Japan and EuropeFeudalism—Japan and Europe
• Feudalism developed because there was no strong central government in Japan and Europe
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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church• CONTROLLED EVERYTHING!
• Unified people, gave them a sense of security and common bond (A church was found on every manor)
• Secular—the church was involved in secular (non-religious) matters
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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church• Gothic cathedrals—Stained glass, flying buttresses, vaults and pointed arches
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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church• Excommunication—controlled people through threat of banishment from church (including kings)
• Education—monks
illuminated (copied) books
and provided education at monasteries
• Canon law—Church laws
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Medieval Europe-Catholic ChurchMedieval Europe-Catholic Church
• Crusades—Holy Wars—In 1096, Pope Urban II called for knights to join war to win back Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks
• Promised any knight who died in Crusades would be guaranteed a place in heaven (Pope = power)
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Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism
• Effects of the Crusades:
1. New ideas- Arabic, Greek and Roman learning and awareness of other cultures lead to the Renaissance
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Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism
• Effects of the Crusades:
2. Increased demand for Eastern goods (silk, spices, teas)
3. Increase in trade
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Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism • Effects of the Crusades:
4. Increase in trade leads to growth in cities
5. Growth in cities leads to breakdown of feudalism and the manor system
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Decline of FeudalismDecline of Feudalism
• Black Death(Bubonic Plague):1348-1353
1. Rats with fleas carried the disease from Asia
2. Entered Europe on trading ships
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Decline of FeudalismDecline of Feudalism• Effect of Black Death:1. Killed 1/3 of population (25
million people)2. Loss of faith in Catholic Church
and decrease in power of the pope
3. Serfs could demand higher wages in cities due to labor shortages
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Renaissance (1350-1650)Renaissance (1350-1650)• Rebirth in art and learning in Europe
• Spurred on by returning crusaders from the Byzantine Empire
• Started in Italian city-states located on the Mediterranean Sea (Venice and Florence)
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Renaissance (1350-1650)Renaissance (1350-1650)• Johann Gutenberg—invented the printing press—helped ideas spread quickly
• Humanism—new philosophy which focused on the individual uniqueness and achievement *People began to question traditional
authority (Catholic Church)
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Renaissance (1350-1650)Renaissance (1350-1650)• Art:
–Michelangelo: Painted Sistine Chapel Ceiling