1 generators and converters in low and medium voltage wind energy conversion systems dr. josep...
TRANSCRIPT
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
GENERATORS AND CONVERTERS IN LOW AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE
WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS
Dr. Josep Bordonau (Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain)
Iñigo Garin (IKERLAN, Arrasate, Spain)
Dr. Salvador Alepuz (EUPMT-UPC, Mataró, Spain)
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERCOutline
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERCIntroduction
Total wind power installed in the world (MW) Average size of installed wind generators (kW)
Comparison of the current trend with the White Paper objectives (MW)
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERCGenerators
Constant Speed Systems
Squirrel Cage Asynchronous Generator
• Cheap & Simple
• Torque variations not compensated • Flicker• Capacitors to compensate reactive power
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Variable Speed Systems
Squirrel Cage Asynchronous Generator
•Optimum power control
•100% speed variability
•Converter size
•Expensive
Generators
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
Variable Speed Systems
•Optimum power control
•100% speed variability
•Without Gearbox
•Converter size
•Generator complexity
•Very expensive
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Generators
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Variable Speed Systems
Doubly Fed Wounded Rotor Asynchronous Generator
•Optimum power control
•Converter size
•Restricted speed variability
•Expensive
Generators
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERCConverters
Traditionally: Two level structure + transformer
(New) High Power Semiconductors
New Topologies
•Mature technology in wind industry•High availability•Grid decoupling
•Commutation losses•Filters•Intrinsic LV operation
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Tandem Converter
Resonant Converter
Matrix Converter
•Higher efficiency•Better dynamic properties•Cost & Complexity•Filter•Oversized
•Without Passive components•Less filter requirements•No availability of bidirectional switches•Coupling grid and generator•Complex protection•Need for auxiliary circuits•Ride-through
•Less commutation losses•Complex Hardware & Control•High energy flux in resonant circuit
Converters
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Multilevel ConvertersCascaded H bridges
•Need for isolated DC-links
Flying capacitors, Multicell•Reduced availability
Diode clamped, DCM, NPC
•High voltage capacity•Reduced commutation losses•Small harmonic content•Reduced filters, faster response•Reduced common-mode voltage
•Capacitor voltage balancing•Conduction losses•More components
Converters
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERCFuture trends
• Progress in Power Electronics:– High Voltage devices– New materials (SiC): reduced losses and faster response– New converters: multilevel converters
• Practical results with multilevel technology:– MV feasible w/o step-up transformer– Benefits in Cupper losses– Benefits in Cupper reduction– Benefits in filter size– Benfits in common-mode voltage reduction (good for the bearings)– Benefits in faster response– Slight overcost compared with conventional 2-level converters
(about 10 %)
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERCConclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERCConclusions
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
• Practical results with multilevel technology:– MV feasible w/o step-up transformer– Benefits in efficiency (Cupper loss reduction)– Benefits in electrical cost (Cupper reduction)– Benefits in filter size– Benfits in common-mode voltage reduction (good for
the bearings)– Benefits in faster response (grid connection)– Slight overcost compared with conventional 2-level
converters (about 10 %)
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Power Electronics Research CenterPERCPower Electronics Research CenterPERC
Thank youfor your Attention
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions
• Introduction
• Wind Generation Systems Technologies
• Generators
• Power Electronics Converters
• Future trends
• Conclusions