1 go play in the street … safely ! “a need to be seen”
TRANSCRIPT
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Go Play in the Street Go Play in the Street … … Safely Safely !!“A Need To Be Seen”
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This presentation will identify This presentation will identify operational practices that will operational practices that will
provide protection and enhance provide protection and enhance safety for personnel operating in safety for personnel operating in
or near moving vehicle traffic.or near moving vehicle traffic.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
““PLAY IN THE STREETS… PLAY IN THE STREETS… SAFELY !”SAFELY !”
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R408.17433R408.17433
An employer shall have and An employer shall have and implement written operational implement written operational procedures specific to the type of procedures specific to the type of hazard to which an employee may hazard to which an employee may be exposed.be exposed.
PLANNINGPLANNING
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According to NIOSH, agencies should:According to NIOSH, agencies should:• Establish preplans regarding traffic Establish preplans regarding traffic
control for emergency service incidents.control for emergency service incidents.• Develop pre-incident plans for areas that Develop pre-incident plans for areas that
have a high rate of motor vehicle have a high rate of motor vehicle crashes.crashes.
• Establish pre-incident agreements with Establish pre-incident agreements with law enforcement and highway law enforcement and highway departments.departments. (AAPD, vs LCSD approach)(AAPD, vs LCSD approach)
PLANNINGPLANNING
Meaning?
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According to NIOSH, agencies should: According to NIOSH, agencies should: • Establish a unified command system. Establish a unified command system.
(Face to face communication with Law (Face to face communication with Law Enforcement, EMS, Fire, DOT, and Towing Enforcement, EMS, Fire, DOT, and Towing Service.)Service.)
• Ensure that an incident safety officer, Ensure that an incident safety officer, independent of the incident commander, independent of the incident commander, is appointed.is appointed.
• Assign a traffic control supervisor.Assign a traffic control supervisor.• Authorize the supervisor to halt work until Authorize the supervisor to halt work until
unsafe conditions have been eliminatedunsafe conditions have been eliminated..
PLANNINGPLANNING
Meaning?
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When an incident occurs on a limited When an incident occurs on a limited access highway, an additional access highway, an additional apparatus should be dispatched along apparatus should be dispatched along with the first-due companies. The with the first-due companies. The principal functions of the additional principal functions of the additional company are to:company are to:
• make approaching traffic aware that make approaching traffic aware that there is an emergency scene ahead, there is an emergency scene ahead,
• to provide an upstream ‘block’, and to provide an upstream ‘block’, and • to deploy additional traffic control to deploy additional traffic control
devices.devices.
PLANNINGPLANNING
Meaning?
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MUTCD: “Responders should … take MUTCD: “Responders should … take measures to move the traffic incident measures to move the traffic incident
as far off the traveled roadway as as far off the traveled roadway as possible, or to provide appropriate possible, or to provide appropriate
warning.”warning.”
MANAGEMANAGE
(Coordinated and Pre-Planned with all law (Coordinated and Pre-Planned with all law enforcement agencies)enforcement agencies)
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FEMA: Mark apparatus with FEMA: Mark apparatus with conspicuous contrasting colorsconspicuous contrasting colors
Consider visibility and conspicuity Consider visibility and conspicuity when designing color and when designing color and
placement of additional warning placement of additional warning lights on vehicles.lights on vehicles.
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Fluorescent colors are seen 70% further than other colors because further than other colors because
they are rarely seen naturally.they are rarely seen naturally.
Large blocks of complimentary Large blocks of complimentary color contrast:color contrast:OrangeOrange//BlueBlue, , YellowYellow//VioletViolet, ,
GreenGreen//RedRed
are more effective than thin stripes.are more effective than thin stripes.
10www.crestlinecoach.com
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Design ambulances and rescue vehicles Design ambulances and rescue vehicles so that the outside emergency so that the outside emergency
equipment/storage compartments equipment/storage compartments containing equipment needed at an containing equipment needed at an
MVC are all on one side of the MVC are all on one side of the ambulance.ambulance.
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HIGHWAY TERMINOLOGYHIGHWAY TERMINOLOGY
• Right and left – Orientation is based upon facing Right and left – Orientation is based upon facing in the direction which traffic is flowing.in the direction which traffic is flowing.
• Inside and outside – Terms given to sides of the Inside and outside – Terms given to sides of the highway. Inside is the middle or median side.highway. Inside is the middle or median side.
• Upstream- refers to any area of a highway or any Upstream- refers to any area of a highway or any moving traffic that is approaching the actual moving traffic that is approaching the actual incident or activity area. incident or activity area.
•Downstream – refers to the area that is past the Downstream – refers to the area that is past the incident.incident.
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NIOSH: Position apparatus to take NIOSH: Position apparatus to take advantage of topography and advantage of topography and
weather, and to protect responders weather, and to protect responders from traffic.from traffic.
Park unneeded vehicles off the Park unneeded vehicles off the roadway.roadway.
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Apparatus shall be Apparatus shall be utilized as a shield utilized as a shield
from oncoming from oncoming traffic wherever traffic wherever
possible.possible.
When acting as a When acting as a shield, apparatus shield, apparatus
warning lights warning lights shall remain on, if shall remain on, if
appropriate.appropriate.
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BLOCKING IN THE TRANSITION AREABLOCKING IN THE TRANSITION AREA
Blocking creates Blocking creates a ‘shadow’ a ‘shadow’ downstream. downstream. Working in the Working in the ‘shadow’ offers ‘shadow’ offers the greatest the greatest degree of safety degree of safety and protection and protection from moving from moving traffic.traffic.
The patient loading area of The patient loading area of the ambulance should be the ambulance should be
in the ‘shadow’.in the ‘shadow’.
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TRAFFIC BLOCKING PROCEDURESTRAFFIC BLOCKING PROCEDURES
White flashing, White flashing, rotating, and rotating, and strobe lights strobe lights
off.off.
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Ground Lights …‘ON’
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Leave interior lights ‘ON’
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Minimize the ‘carnival’ of lights.Minimize the ‘carnival’ of lights.
Maintain emergency warning lights on Maintain emergency warning lights on vehicles that are blocking or providing vehicles that are blocking or providing advanced warning. advanced warning.
Reduce or extinguish warning lights on Reduce or extinguish warning lights on vehicles parked away from the traveled vehicles parked away from the traveled lanes. (Consider leaving only 4-way lanes. (Consider leaving only 4-way flashers.) flashers.)
Consider warning ‘upstream’ onlyConsider warning ‘upstream’ only
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Limit the use of apparatus headlights Limit the use of apparatus headlights and deploy flood lights downward to and deploy flood lights downward to
light the work area, while reducing the light the work area, while reducing the glare hazard for other drivers.glare hazard for other drivers.
It takes an average of 6 seconds to regain our It takes an average of 6 seconds to regain our “night vision.”“night vision.”
30 mph – 264 feet (longer than our pre-connects)30 mph – 264 feet (longer than our pre-connects)
45 mph – 396 feet45 mph – 396 feet
60 mph – 528 feet, or 1/10 of a mile!60 mph – 528 feet, or 1/10 of a mile!
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How many responders parked on the opposite side of the expressway and jumped the median wall to
access this incident?
QUIZ
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Don’t create a ‘Split Scene’!
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OSHA 29CFR 1926.651(d)OSHA 29CFR 1926.651(d)
Employees exposed to public Employees exposed to public vehicular traffic shall be provided vehicular traffic shall be provided with, and shall wear, warning vests with, and shall wear, warning vests or other suitable garments marked or other suitable garments marked with or made of reflectorized or high-with or made of reflectorized or high-visibility material.visibility material.
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23CFR Part 634 – Worker Visibility23CFR Part 634 – Worker Visibility(Effective November 24, 2008)(Effective November 24, 2008)
““All workers within the right-of-way of All workers within the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway…shall wear a Federal-aid highway…shall wear high visibility safety apparel.” high visibility safety apparel.”
(“High Visibility Safety Apparel” is defined (“High Visibility Safety Apparel” is defined as safety clothing that meets the as safety clothing that meets the Performance Class 2 or Class 3 Performance Class 2 or Class 3 requirements.)requirements.)
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ANSI STD. FOR HI-VIS APPARELANSI STD. FOR HI-VIS APPAREL
Class 2 –Superior Class 2 –Superior visibility and more visibility and more conspicuous than conspicuous than class 1. Suggested class 1. Suggested for inclement for inclement weather, attention weather, attention diverted from or diverted from or close proximity to close proximity to traffic. Includes traffic. Includes emergency response emergency response personnel.personnel.
Wrap around the upper bodyWrap around the upper body
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ANSI STD. FOR HI-VIS APPARELANSI STD. FOR HI-VIS APPAREL
Class 3 – Greater Class 3 – Greater visibility by adding visibility by adding material to arms material to arms and/or legs. and/or legs. Suggested for Suggested for higher vehicle higher vehicle speeds and/or high speeds and/or high task loads. Includes task loads. Includes emergency emergency response personnel.response personnel.
Outline of the bodyOutline of the body
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ANSI STD. FOR HI-VIS APPARELANSI STD. FOR HI-VIS APPAREL
ANSI/ISEA 207-ANSI/ISEA 207-2006 for Public 2006 for Public Safety Vests Safety Vests includes includes provisions for provisions for break-away or break-away or tear-away tear-away featuresfeatures
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLS
REMAIN VIGILANT AT ALL REMAIN VIGILANT AT ALL TIMESTIMES
NEVER TRUST TRAFFICNEVER TRUST TRAFFIC
HAVE AN ESCAPE ROUTEHAVE AN ESCAPE ROUTE
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSFront CabFront Cab
Exit Protocols:Exit Protocols:
• Look at approaching traffic in Look at approaching traffic in a side mirrora side mirror
• Turn your head to look Turn your head to look rearward over your shoulder rearward over your shoulder at approaching trafficat approaching traffic
• Open the door partiallyOpen the door partially
• Check approaching traffic Check approaching traffic
• Exit vehicle to street if safe to Exit vehicle to street if safe to do so do so
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Exit Protocols: ContinuedExit Protocols: Continued• Close the door.Close the door.• Maintain a low profile Maintain a low profile
alongside the apparatus, alongside the apparatus, with your eyes on the with your eyes on the approaching trafficapproaching traffic
• With your back to the With your back to the apparatus, move around to apparatus, move around to the protected side of the the protected side of the apparatus.apparatus.
PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSFront CabFront Cab
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSRear of an ambulanceRear of an ambulance
Exit Protocols:Exit Protocols:
• Use either the side or rear Use either the side or rear door, whichever is furthest door, whichever is furthest from traffic.from traffic.
• Look at approaching traffic Look at approaching traffic through windowsthrough windows
• Open door partially Open door partially
• Check for approaching Check for approaching traffic traffic
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSRear of an ambulanceRear of an ambulance
Exit Protocols continued:
• Exit if safe to do so.
• Close the door
• Maintain a low profile
• Move to the protected side of the ambulance away from the traffic
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSManeuvering around apparatusManeuvering around apparatus
• Move along the downstream, Move along the downstream, protected side of the apparatusprotected side of the apparatus
• Stop at all corners of the Stop at all corners of the vehiclevehicle
• Look upstream at approaching Look upstream at approaching traffic traffic
• Move to compartment Move to compartment • Open compartment doorOpen compartment door• Obtain the equipment while Obtain the equipment while
continually checking trafficcontinually checking traffic
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSManeuvering around apparatusManeuvering around apparatus
• Obtain the equipment while Obtain the equipment while continually checking trafficcontinually checking traffic
• Close the doorClose the door• Maintain a low profile Maintain a low profile
alongside the vehicle, with alongside the vehicle, with your eyes on approaching your eyes on approaching traffictraffic
• Move to a safe locationMove to a safe location
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSGeneral ConsiderationsGeneral Considerations
• Carry a flashlight for signaling.Carry a flashlight for signaling.
• Never step into the road without looking Never step into the road without looking at traffic.at traffic.
• Carry what you might want on the first Carry what you might want on the first trip – avoid making multiple trips from the trip – avoid making multiple trips from the scene to the ambulance.scene to the ambulance.
• Approach on the shoulder – not the laneApproach on the shoulder – not the lane
• Work on the shoulder – not in the roadWork on the shoulder – not in the road
• Utilize your resourcesUtilize your resources
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PERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSPERSONAL SURVIVAL SKILLSEveryoneEveryone
GET IN A PROTECTED AREA AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, AND STAY IN A PROTECTED AREA AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
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Michigan statute states that law Michigan statute states that law enforcement has the primary enforcement has the primary
responsibility for traffic control at responsibility for traffic control at emergency incidents.emergency incidents.
NIOSH: If police have not arrived, NIOSH: If police have not arrived, control oncoming vehicles before control oncoming vehicles before
turning attention to the emergency.turning attention to the emergency.
CONTROLCONTROL
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MUTCD: “An essential part of … rescue MUTCD: “An essential part of … rescue … activities is the proper control of … activities is the proper control of
road users through the traffic incident road users through the traffic incident management area in order to protect management area in order to protect
responders, victims, and other responders, victims, and other personnel at the site while providing personnel at the site while providing
reasonable safe traffic flow.”reasonable safe traffic flow.”
CONTROLCONTROL
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NIOSH: If it is impossible to protect NIOSH: If it is impossible to protect the scene from immediate danger, the scene from immediate danger,
position yourself and the victim in a position yourself and the victim in a secure area and maximize your secure area and maximize your
visibility.visibility.
Close the road completely when Close the road completely when necessary.necessary.
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Place flares while walking with traffic, watching Place flares while walking with traffic, watching traffic, while walking from the shoulder to the centertraffic, while walking from the shoulder to the center
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COMPONENTS OF A
TEMPORARY TRAFFIC
CONTROL ZONE AT A ‘TRAFFIC
INCIDENT.’
Fire and EMSactivities take place here
Traffic Spaceallows traffic to pass through the activity area
Buffer Space(lateral) provides protection for traffic and workers
(100 ft.)Downstream Taper
Termination AreaLets traffic resumenormal operations
Activity Areais where work
takes place
Buffer Space(longitudinal)
provides protection for traffic and workers
Transition Areamoves traffic out of its normal path
Advanced Warning Area
tells traffic what to expect ahead
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Consider curves and hills to ensure the Consider curves and hills to ensure the advanced warning device is visible 350’ advanced warning device is visible 350’
upstream.upstream.
200’ in a 35 mph zone200’ in a 35 mph zone
500’ in a 50 mph zone500’ in a 50 mph zone
½ mile on an ½ mile on an expresswayexpressway
ADVANCE WARNING AREAADVANCE WARNING AREA
The A.W.A. Begins at the first warning The A.W.A. Begins at the first warning light or sign.light or sign.
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Taper – The use of signs, cones, flares or blocking Taper – The use of signs, cones, flares or blocking vehicles to direct approaching traffic from the vehicles to direct approaching traffic from the
normal traffic lanes into a fewer number of traffic normal traffic lanes into a fewer number of traffic lanes. Establishes the ‘transition area’.lanes. Establishes the ‘transition area’.
TRANSITION AREATRANSITION AREA
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Place cones while walking with traffic, watching Place cones while walking with traffic, watching traffic, while walking from the shoulder to the centertraffic, while walking from the shoulder to the center
Pick cones up while walking toward traffic, from the Pick cones up while walking toward traffic, from the center to the shouldercenter to the shoulder
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ACTIVITY AREAACTIVITY AREA
The “activity area” is the area at an incident The “activity area” is the area at an incident scene that is protected from moving trafficscene that is protected from moving traffic
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If one is established, park the If one is established, park the ambulance in the protected ambulance in the protected portion of the activity area.portion of the activity area.
The ambulance should be The ambulance should be parked to best protect the parked to best protect the
loading area of the loading area of the ambulance.ambulance.
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SUMMARYSUMMARY4 Key Points:4 Key Points:
Park to Protect – Take the Lane + 1, Park to Protect – Take the Lane + 1,
Dress to be Seen,Dress to be Seen,
Warn and Control Oncoming Traffic, Warn and Control Oncoming Traffic, andand
Work in the Protected Zone – Don’t Work in the Protected Zone – Don’t Trust the Traffic.Trust the Traffic.
