1

Health & Safety Executive (HSE)

Implements the Health & Safety laws

HEALTH & SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES

Employer/Employee

Health & Safety at Work Act 1974.

2

YOUR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

• Take reasonable care at work of your own Health & Safety and that of others who may be affected by what you do or do not do

• Do not interfere with or misuse anything provided for your Health & Safety.

• Cooperate with your employer on Health & Safety matters. Assist your employer on meeting statutory obligations

• Bring to your employers attention anything you think represents a serious or imminent danger

• Bring to your employer’s attention any weakness you might spot in their Health & safety arrangements

3

EMPLOYERS LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

• Provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are safe and without risk to health

• Safe in use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances

• Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision as necessary to ensure health and safety at work of employees

• Ensure access to and exit from the workplace is safe

• Provide adequate facilities and arrangements for welfare

• Produce a Health & Safety policy statement in companies that employ 5 or more people

4

PERSONAL HYGIENE

• Keep overalls clean ensure they are washed regularly

• Wash hands thoroughly before contact with food

• Avoid washing with solvents (eg white spirits) can cause Dermatitis

• Use barrier cream enables dirt and germs to be removed when washing off the cream

5

ACCIDENT PREVENTION

• The best way to reduce the risk of accidents is to try and remove the cause

• Wherever possible the workplace should have…………

• Clearly defined passageways • Good lighting/Ventilation• Reduced noise levels• Non slip floorings

6

Hazards that cannot be removed……

• Safe guards fences around machines

• Safe systems of work can be introduced

• Wearing safety goggles, helmets, and boots can be made standard practise

• Other protective clothing can be supplied such as ear defenders, respirators, eye protection and overalls

• REMEMBER!!!!!!!!!!! Overalls and protective clothing must be provided by the employer

7

PERSONAL ATTITUDES TO SAFETY TRAINING

• Make yourself aware of the companies Health & Safety policy procedures and act in accordance

• Be aware of what dangers can occur.

• Note what protection is available, and how to use it to prevent accidents

8

Also employers have a duty to……….

• Carry out risk assessments

• Identify and implement control measures

• Inform employees of the risks and control measures

• Periodically review the assessments

• Record the assessment if more then 5 people are employed

• Employers must be prepared to consult a safety

representative if one is appointed

9

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurrence Regulations (RIDDOR)

• Injuries – fatalities (Including members of the public) or injuries resulting in 7 days off work

• Diseases – if a doctor advises employee is suffering from work – related disease listed under RIDDOR

• Dangerous occurrence something that happened the could have resulted in a reportable injury

10

• Reportable accidents employer uses form F2508

• Fatalities must be reported within 10 days

• The employer must maintain an Accident book to record details of ALL types of injuries however Minor.

• Accident forms should be completed by the injured employee as soon as possible.

• If a Third party completes the form employee check all details are correct before signing.

• The form can be used in legal proceedings• ………………………………………………………

11

Fire Precautions Act

• Employer Duties include

• Safety in relation to fire hazards from work processes and activities

• Fire risk Assessment

• Written fire risk assessment (where 5 or more people are employed)

• Means of detecting and giving warning in case of fire

• Escape routes /Fire fighting equipment

• Training of staff in fire safety

12

Fire safety and emergencies

• Fire triangle – fuel – oxygen – heat (ignition source)

• Protect area around combustible materials with heat mat

• Keep clean working area start to finish

• Electrical faults (major cause of fires) must only be carried out by qualified person and to BS 7671 standards

• Providing a fire extinguisher in the immediate working area

• Completing hot work minimum of 1 hour before leaving site

13

If you discover a fire

• Raise the alarm immediately

• Leave by the nearest exit and report to muster point

• Call the fire service

• Remain at muster point until given the all clear

14

Classes of fire

• Class A – fires involving solid materials, extinguished by water

• Class B – Flammable liquids, extinguished by foam or carbon dioxide

• Class C – Flammable gasses, extinguished by dry powder

• Class D – Flammable metals extinguished by dry powder

15

Fire fighting equipment

• Extinguishers – buckets of sand or water – fire resistant blankets – automatic sprinkler systems – hose reels and hydrant systems

• Types of extinguisher

• Water – red – main uses on wood paper or fabrics

• Foam – Cream – used on petrol, oil, fats and paints

• Carbon dioxide – Black – used on electrical equipment

• Dry powder – blue – used on liquids, gasses, electrical equipment

16

• All fire extinguishers are red but with 5% of the colour of the original extinguisher

• Mainly red (colour blind) people can distinguish red

• The fact that they are now all the same colour means you have to read the label

17

18

Fire extinguisher safety check list

• Never use a unless you have been trained to do so

• Never use water on electrical fires

• Never use water on oils and fats

• Never handle the nozzle of carbon dioxide extinguisher it causes freeze burns to the hands

• Never use carbon dioxide extinguishers in a small room

• ALWAYS read the operating instructions before use.

• Personnel safety must always come before efforts to contain a fire

• ……………………………………………………………………….

19

The Electricity at Work Regulations (1989)

• Employer/employee or self employed person must comply with the regulations

• Employer impose duty on every employee to comply with regulations

• Duty holder = person responsible in respect of systems, equipment and conductors

• Reasonable practicable – issue resolved with minimum costs in terms of physical difficulty, time, trouble and expense.

• Absolute = A requirement must be met regardless of cost or any other consideration

20

Electricity on Site

• Safety covered by Electricity at work Regulations 1989 which in turn are covered by HASAWA

• Electrical installations should comply with BS 7671

• Employers required to have specific codes of practice for employees

• Including maintenance records of portable appliances (PAT tests)

21

• HSE recommend PAT test every 3 months for construction site applications by a competent person

• Visually inspect power tool EVERY TIME you use it

• Supply to work on site from a generator or local supply

• Sites often have (RCDs) trip out supply any current leakage

• Never interfere with or alter any installations

• Only an authorised person may carry out any alterations

22

Electricity on – site safety checklist

• Do not use lighting circuits for power tools

• Power tools should be double insulated

• Never carry a portable electric tool by its cable

• Ensure equipment is not damaged before it is plugged in

• Always have enough light for the job

23

• Keep lights clean

• Check all cables are correctly insulated, not damaged or frayed

• Check plugs/sockets clean and in sound condition

• Check for current PAT labels

• Check RCD protection provided where necessary

………………………………………………………………

24

Provisions and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER)

• Risks to person using equipment to be prevented or controlled

• Including all tools (power or hand) threading/bending machines

• Equipment provided should be suitable for the intended use

• Safe for use, maintained in safe condition, inspected

• Used by people trained and instructed

• Suitable safety measures (protective devices markings, warnings

25

Tools and Equipment

• Use right tool for the right job

• Cutting tools saws, drills etc sharp in good condition

• Hacksaw fitted with teeth pointing forward

• Avoid mushrooming chisels causes flying splinters

• Electrical power tools 110/230 volts PAT tested

• Cartridge operated tools (training must be given)

26

Manual Handling Operations Regulations

• Lay down requirements for moving loads by hand involving pushing, pulling, lowering of loads

• Control measures identified

• Avoid hazardous manual handling by using mechanical lifting

• Make risk assessment of any hazardous manual handling

• Reduce risk of injury by training staff in kinetic lifting techniques

• Risk assessment 5 factors – the task, load, working environment, capability of person and use of protective clothing

27

Manual Handling

• Plan the lift

• Access the load

• Check your pathway is clear

• Lift using Kinetic lifting technique

• Maximum load for a fit person is 20KG

• Team lifting good communication visual and verbal

28

29

Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment

Regulations

• Reduce risks to persons from lifting equipment

• Equipment must be strong, stable enough for use and marked to indicate safe working loads

• Positioned and installed to minimise any risks

• Used safely work planned, organised, performed by competent people

30

Risk Assessments

• Checking systems of work to keep you safe at work

• Employer is legally bound to assess risks in the workplace

• Risk factors are calculated using the formula……………

• Likelihood x Consequence = risk

•

31

• Risk exposure - people that may be affected by the work activity of process

• Safeguards hardware – describes in- built safety features of work equipment

• Control measures- describe additional

safeguards.

• Where these are Identified they must be followed through and recorded

32

Method Statements

• Produced for high risk activities such as working at heights.

• Combining findings and control measures of all risk assessments associated with the activity

• Document given to employees etc as guidance on how the work is going to be carried out

33

Permit to Work Systems

• Used as safety control for very high risk or potentially fatal activities

• Fixed checklist of tasks completed before a task can begin

• Permit usually countersigned by supervisor

……………………………………………………………..

34

35

36

Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations

• PPE to be supplied and used at work wherever risks to Health & Safety cannot be controlled in other ways

• PPE must be assessed as suitable before use

• Maintained and stored properly

• Provided with instructions on how to use safely

• Used correctly by employees

37

Personal Protective Equipment

38

Foot Protection• Protects toes, ankles and feet from injury also from

electric shock• Foot injuries 15% of reported accidents (30,000

each year)• Safety boots = metal toe protection rubber soles

39

Hand Protection

• 1 in 4 related injuries happens to hands and fingers

• Dermatitis accounts for 700,000 lost work days each year

• Wear barrier cream wear appropriate

• Wear appropriate gloves

• General purpose gloves prevention of cuts /bruises

• Rubber gloves for hazardous substances

40

41

Head Protection• 80% head injuries not wearing head protection

• Adjust helmet to fit/Do not paint

• Inspect regularly for dents, crack wear and tear

42

43

44

Working at Heights Regulations

• Working at heights defined as height 2 metres or more above ground level

• All work at height is properly planned

• Takes into account weather conditions

• Those involved are trained and competent

• Place where work is done is safe

• Equipment inspected

• Risks from fragile surfaces are properly controlled

• Risks from falling objects are properly controlled

45

Access to work

• All access equipment is regularly checked and recorded

• Ladders not suitable for long term working

• Inspect ladders stills and rungs for damage

• Ladders are not painted

• Ladders should be placed on firm ground

• When ladders are extended there must be a 3 rung overlap

46

• Ladder exposed position guarded by barriers

• Angle of ladders 4 up to 1 out or 75 degrees

• Ladder access to a platform 1m or 5 rungs above access point

• Secured at the top and at the bottom as necessary

• Ladders tested annually and results recorded

• Don’t rest ladders on fragile surfaces

• 3 classes of ladders class 1 (heavy duty for industrial use)

47

48

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

Regulations (COSHH)

• Hazardous substances can be solids, liquids, dusts, fumes, gases or micro – organisms that may present a risk to health.

• The employer must assess the risks

• Decide what precautions are needed

• Prevent or adequately control exposure

49

• Ensure control measures are used and maintained

• Monitor the level of exposure to the substance

• Carry out appropriate health surveillance where required

• Prepare procedures to deal with accidents and emergiences

• Ensure employees are informed, trained and supervised

50

Chemical Safety

• Chemicals not contained or handled properly can be:

• Inhaled as dust or gas

• Swallowed in small doses over a long period

• Absorbed through the skin or clothing

• Touched by or spilled on unprotected skin

51

Some chemical can cause:

• Injury to the eyes, skin, organs – from fires and burns etc

• Silent illnesses exposure after months, years, example asbestos

• Allergy to the skin such as a rash, coughing and breathing problems

• Death – some poisonous chemical can kill outright

52

Why do chemical accidents happen?

• Hurrying, over confidence, not adhering instructions

• Spills and leaks can be dangerous if not cleaned up

• Vapours may build up where there is no proper ventilation

• – toxics - corrosives – flammables – reactives

53

• Some chemicals exposed to heat or sunlight can explode

• Contact between a chemical/ wrong material can cause harmful reactions

• Dispose of old chemicals safely ( chemical changes can happen over time)

• There are 4 main types chemicals (toxic agents corrosives, flammables and Reactives)

54

Toxic agents

• Close containers tightly when not in use

• Be sure the work area is well ventilated

• Wear correct PPE

• Wash hands often

• Safely dispose of contaminated clothing

• Keep any antidotes handy

55

Corrosives

• Dangerous to the eyes and respiratory tract.

• PPE – goggles, breathing devices, protective gloves

• Make sure ventilation is good

• Contact with corrosives wash with water/shower

• Eyes affected flush with water for 20 minutes get medical assistance

56

Flammables

• Liquids and gases that burn such as LPG, methanol, ethanol, ether and petrol. To protect yourself:

• No flames, sparks or cigarette lighters allowed near flammables

• Keep only a small quantity of flammables in the work area

57

• Store and dispose of flammables safely

• In an emergency: Evacuate, turn off all flames

• Clean up flammables and ventilate the area fully

• Call the emergency services

58

Reactives

• Understand dangers involved do a risk assessment

• Know your chemicals before working with them: read about them and test them for stability

• Handle with care. trouble?? close doors/evacuate

• Follow all recommended safety rules/procedures

• Know what to do in an emergency

59

Accidents

• Seek or administer immediate first aid if qualified to do so

• Get help if necessary, i.e. phone for an ambulance

• Report accident to the site supervisor

• Write down details in an accident report book

• Complete a company accident report form

60

Emergency procedures

• Dial emergency services, give your name, number and service required

• Give exact location of the accident

• Nature of the emergency (type of accident)

• Arrange for someone to meet the emergency services

61

Electric shock and first aid

• Lethal level of electric shock is about 50mA

• First –check your own personnel safety

• Break the electrical contact by switching off the

supply, removing the plug, or wrenching the cable free.

62

• If not possible use piece of non conductive material such as wood to push the casualty free.

• Check the casualties response, to assess their level of consciousness, ask a question or give a command

• Talk to them and gently shake them to gauge their level of response

63

• Casualty appears unharmed advise them to rest

• If no sign of movement or breathing, summon help immediately

• Start CPR (cardio pulmonary resuscitation)

• CPR is based on ABC – airway, breathing and circulation

• Place casualty in the recovery position, if they have no obvious back Injury

64

65

Treatment for burns

• Based on the severity of the burn

• Run the burnt area under cold water for 10 minutes

• Remove jewellery/constricting

• Cover the injury with a sterile dressing

• DO NOT USE!!! Adhesive dressings, break blisters or interfere with the injured area.

• DO NOT!!! Apply lotions,ointments,creams or fats to the injured

66

Treatment for shock

• Shock (reduction in pressure of the circulating blood)

• Lay casualty down, keeping the head low

• Raise and support the legs

• Loosen tight clothing

67

• Keep casualty warm above and below

• Contact emergency services

• Check and record breathing, pulse and level of response

• DO NOT!! Let the casualty move unnecessarily, eat, drink or smoke

• Also do not leave the casualty unattended

68

Treatment for bleeding – Minor cuts, scratches and

grazes

• Wash/dry your own hands put on disposable gloves

• Clean the cut, if dirty under running water

• Pat dry with sterile dressing

• Clean surrounding area, cover cut completely with sterile dressing

69

Severe bleeding

• Put on disposable gloves

• Apply direct pressure to the wound with pad or clean cloth

• Raise and support the injured limb

• Lay casualty down to treat for shock

• Bandage the pad (not too tight this may stop circulation)

• Treat for shock

• Dial 999 for ambulance

70

Treatment for eye injuries

• Wash your hands

• Clean with cool water or sterile fluid from a sealed container to remove loose material

• DO NOT!! attempt to remove anything embedded in the eye

• If chemicals are involved flush the open eye with water or sterile fluid for at least 10 – 15 minutes.

• Apply an eye pad and send the casualty to hospital