1 hksar government’s efforts to address climate change
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HKSAR Government’s Efforts to Address Climate Change
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Tackling Climate Change
A global challenge facing A global challenge facing mankindmankind
Calls for global actionCalls for global action
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Hong Kong
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission levels:Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission levels: Total emissions at some 45 million tonnes COTotal emissions at some 45 million tonnes CO22 equivale equivale
nt in 2006nt in 2006 Carbon intensity at 30kg COCarbon intensity at 30kg CO2 2 equivalent per HKD1,000 equivalent per HKD1,000
GDP (2006), 40% reduction from 1990.GDP (2006), 40% reduction from 1990. Per-capita emissions at approx. 6.6 tonnes COPer-capita emissions at approx. 6.6 tonnes CO2 2 equivalequival
ent (down 4% from 1990)ent (down 4% from 1990) lower than those of developed economies – USlower than those of developed economies – US
A (24 tonnes), Australia (28 tonnes), UK (11 tonnes), EU A (24 tonnes), Australia (28 tonnes), UK (11 tonnes), EU (11 tonnes), Japan (10 tonnes), and Singapore (9 tonnes) (11 tonnes), Japan (10 tonnes), and Singapore (9 tonnes)
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Emission Sources
Energy Industries62.5%
Transport16.1%
Other Energy Uses(e.g. energy use by
restaurants andhouseholds)
7.2%
Agriculture0.1%
Industrial Process2.0%
Waste12.1%
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Hong Kong’s International Obligations
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol extended by CPG to Hong Kong in May 2003
“Common but differentiated responsibilities” – a core principle underpinning UNFCCC
Kyoto Protocol assigned mandatory emission limits to developed countries (Annex I Parties to UNFCCC) – combined GHG emissions from them between 2008-2012 should be reduced by at least 5% below the 1990 levels
For non-Annex I Parties such as China (including Hong Kong), Singapore, South Korea - no requirement to meet mandatory emission limits under the Kyoto Protocol
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Hong Kong’s International Obligations
Under UNFCCC, Hong Kong is required to:– Prepare emission inventory of GHG by sources a
nd sinks– Formulate, implement and regularly update progra
mmes on mitigation and adaptation measures – Strengthen scientific research and promote applic
ation of technologies– Promote public awareness and understanding of c
limate change and its likely effects
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GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong KongConstraints & Opportunities
Hong Kong is already a small emitter Hong Kong is already a small emitter A service economy - no energy intensive A service economy - no energy intensive
industriesindustries Public mass transport system is very efficientPublic mass transport system is very efficient
(90% of daily passenger trips are already made (90% of daily passenger trips are already made on public transport system)on public transport system)
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Vehicle Ownership Per Thousand Population Hong Kong vs Other Economies
Hong Kong
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Per-capita Electricity ConsumptionHong Kong vs Other Developed Economies
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Canada
United St
ates
Austral
iaJap
an
Singapo
re
South
Kore
a
Hong K
ong
Ele
ctrici
ty C
onsu
mpt
ion
Per Cap
ita
(kW
h)
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GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong Kong Constraints & Opportunities
Dominant share of energy sector emissions suggests the key measures should target Dominant share of energy sector emissions suggests the key measures should target at electricity generationat electricity generation
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GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong Kong Constraints & Opportunities
Topography and physical Topography and physical constraints limit the constraints limit the potential for large-scale potential for large-scale development of development of renewable energy, renewable energy, including off-shore wind including off-shore wind farmsfarms
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GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong Kong Constraints & Opportunities
Scope for Hong Kong to do more Scope for Hong Kong to do more in end-use energy conservation in end-use energy conservation and efficiency: and efficiency:
– Energy efficiency: better Energy efficiency: better building design and wider use building design and wider use of energy efficient appliancesof energy efficient appliances
– Energy saving: raising public Energy saving: raising public awareness and educationawareness and education
Electricity consumptionElectricity consumption
by sector in 2005by sector in 2005
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Tackling Climate ChangeExisting Efforts
Cleaner fuels for power generationCleaner fuels for power generation
– New coal-fired generation units banned New coal-fired generation units banned since 1997since 1997
– Maximum use of natural gasMaximum use of natural gas
A new Scheme of Control AgreementA new Scheme of Control Agreement
– Permit higher rate of return for Permit higher rate of return for renewable energy (RE) facilitiesrenewable energy (RE) facilities
– Facilitate access of 3Facilitate access of 3rdrd party local RE party local RE sources to grids of power companiessources to grids of power companies
Fuel Electricity Generation
Fuel Mix in 2006
Coal 54%
Natural Gas 24%Nuclear energy &pumped storage 22%
Oil negligible
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Tackling Climate ChangeExisting Efforts
Promote energy conservation & Promote energy conservation & efficiencyefficiency
Promote use of water-cooled A/C Promote use of water-cooled A/C systems and other energy efficient systems and other energy efficient installationsinstallations
Enhance building efficiency Enhance building efficiency
– Building Energy CodesBuilding Energy Codes
– District Cooling SystemDistrict Cooling System
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Tackling Climate ChangeExisting Efforts
Use cleaner and more efficient land transpUse cleaner and more efficient land transportort
Utilise landfill gas as fuelUtilise landfill gas as fuel
– Collect and utilise landfill gas from closed and operating landfills as fuel substitutes for on-site use
– Export landfill gas from the Shuen Wan Landfill and NENT Landfill as fuel for the Towngas Production Plant in Tai Po
Utilise biogas at sewage treatment worksUtilise biogas at sewage treatment works
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Tackling Climate ChangeExisting Efforts
Tree plantation programmTree plantation programme to enhance the carbon sie to enhance the carbon sinknk
– 12 million trees were planted in the past 5 years
– 1.2 million trees will be planted in 2008
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Tackling Climate ChangePublic Participation
Promote Promote lifestyle and behavioural changes in the community
Mobilise community action to adopt energy saving measures
Continuous public awareness programmes
Outreaching to schools through talks, web-based education kits and joint activities
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Tackling Climate ChangeGovernment Taking the Lead
Reducing electricity consumptionReducing electricity consumption
– Cut down electricity consumption of Government by 6% between 2002/03 to 2006/07
– Pledged further in the 2005-06 Policy Address to reduce 1.5% electricity consumption of all Government office buildings from January 2006
– Energy audits and re-audits conducted in over 200 major Government venues, with follow up energy savings projects implemented
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Tackling Climate ChangeGovernment Taking the Lead
Promoting energy efficiency & use of renPromoting energy efficiency & use of renewable energyewable energy
– All new Government buildings and retrofit projects required to fully comply with Building Energy Codes
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Tackling Climate ChangeGovernment Taking the Lead
Green initiatives in public housing projects by HDGreen initiatives in public housing projects by HD
– PV Panels– Vertical green panels pilot project at Yau Tong– Life cycle assessment/Life cycle costing – Micro-climate studies in housing design– Participation in HKBEAM assessment
Green roofing by ArchSDGreen roofing by ArchSD
– More than 50 completed green roof projects – 20 projects for retro-fitting green roof in existi
ng government buildings in 2007/08 Vegetation cover on government man-made slopeVegetation cover on government man-made slope
s and noise barriers by CEDD/ HyDs and noise barriers by CEDD/ HyD
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Tackling Climate ChangeRecent new efforts
New Measures since October 2007New Measures since October 2007 Launch first carbon audit guidelines for buildings and “GLaunch first carbon audit guidelines for buildings and “G
reen Hong Kong Carbon Audit” campaign‧reen Hong Kong Carbon Audit” campaign‧ Prepare for mandatory compliance with Building Energy Prepare for mandatory compliance with Building Energy
Codes Codes Roll out Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling SchemeRoll out Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme Promote the use of biodieselPromote the use of biodiesel Conduct a study on climate change with a view to enhanConduct a study on climate change with a view to enhan
cing the existing mitigation & adaptation measurescing the existing mitigation & adaptation measures
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Tackling Climate ChangeInternational Co-operation
Endorsed APEC “Sydney Declaration on Climate Change” in Sept 07. Pledged to reduce energy intensity of at least 25% by 2030 (with 2005 as base year)
Joined C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
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The End
Website: www.epd.gov.hk