11

Improvements of Improvements of regional emissions for regional emissions for air quality modellingair quality modellingProposed in Eastern Canada Regional Border strategyProposed in Eastern Canada Regional Border strategy

by NEG/ECP Environment committeeby NEG/ECP Environment committee

G. Vigeant, M. Benjamin, G. Morneau (EC-QR)G. Vigeant, M. Benjamin, G. Morneau (EC-QR)

H. Durocher (MENV)H. Durocher (MENV)

22

Development of an improved database Development of an improved database for air quality model applications over for air quality model applications over

Eastern North AmericaEastern North America

Improvement of biogenic emission calculation Improvement of biogenic emission calculation with improved description of landuse over with improved description of landuse over Eastern CanadaEastern Canada

Calculation of mobile emissions at high Calculation of mobile emissions at high resolution in the Montreal area with resolution in the Montreal area with MOBILE6.2C and available traffic dataMOBILE6.2C and available traffic data

33

The BELD3 datasetThe BELD3 dataset

Vegetation type and landuse at 1-km resolutionVegetation type and landuse at 1-km resolution Covers North America up to 60-65°NCovers North America up to 60-65°N General broad categories (19) from remote General broad categories (19) from remote

sensing (USGS) such as:sensing (USGS) such as: Urban, crop, waterUrban, crop, water Deciduous, mixed and conifer forestDeciduous, mixed and conifer forest

Additional information for the United StatesAdditional information for the United States U.S. Agricultural Census for 1992 (17 crop types)U.S. Agricultural Census for 1992 (17 crop types) U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis dataset U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis dataset

(194 tree species)(194 tree species)

Improvement of biogenic emissions

44

Number of vegetation categoriesNumber of vegetation categoriesImprovement of biogenic emissions

55

Methodology (2004-2005)Methodology (2004-2005)

2001 Canadian agricultural census2001 Canadian agricultural census Inventory of 36 types of cropsInventory of 36 types of crops Census consolidated subdivisions to map to AQ model grid Census consolidated subdivisions to map to AQ model grid

(using GIS) (resolution 10-30 km)(using GIS) (resolution 10-30 km) Merge this step with NHMerge this step with NH33 emissions surrogate project? emissions surrogate project? Assign 36 types of crops to 11 BELD 3 categoriesAssign 36 types of crops to 11 BELD 3 categories Combine census to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?Combine census to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?

2000 Canadian Forest inventory2000 Canadian Forest inventory Comprehensive set of tree species and genusComprehensive set of tree species and genus Spatial resolution is about 10 x 10 kmSpatial resolution is about 10 x 10 km22

Forest polygons to map to model grid (using GIS)Forest polygons to map to model grid (using GIS) Might need to convert volume of wood to areaMight need to convert volume of wood to area Combine inventory to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?Combine inventory to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?

Improvement of biogenic emissions

66

Agricultural Census Agricultural Census subdivisionssubdivisions

450 km

190 km

Improvement of biogenic emissions

77

Next stepsNext steps

Quality control of the inventory dataQuality control of the inventory data Evaluation of the emission rates obtained Evaluation of the emission rates obtained

with beis2 and beis3 on new datawith beis2 and beis3 on new data Evaluation of AQ model outputsEvaluation of AQ model outputs

New emissions, VGBELD3, CEPS1New emissions, VGBELD3, CEPS1

Merge with other datasetsMerge with other datasets AQMAG-SMOKE, PNR, PYRAQMAG-SMOKE, PNR, PYR

88

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

Objective

Conceive a procedure to estimate the emissions of Criteria Air Contaminants from mobile on-road sources in a metropolitan area at high resolution. These emissions are to be used as input to air quality numerical models.

Project team:

• Environment Canada • Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ)

•André Babin• Centre de Recherche sur les Transports (CRT)

•Mike Florian•Yolanda Noriega•Anne-Sophie Pépin

CRT EC MTQ

99

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

Benefits:

• Improve air quality model outputs:• Forecast• Decision making for better control scenarios and CWS achievement

• Improve our knowledge of the contribution of on-road vehicles emissions on air quality and population exposure in urban areas

• Improve our knowledge of airborne contaminants and their transformation from a local scale to regional scale

• Models can be used in the planning of road infrastructures of urbanized areas

CRT EC MTQ

1010

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

Software modules

CRT EC MTQ

Grille (CRT)Graphical interface to:• Ingest input parameters needed by MOBILE6.2C• Call MOBILE6.2C and convert the output to a format readable by EMME/2.

Enif (INRO)Graphical interface used to output EMME/2 solutions in several forms

EMME/2 (Équilibre Multimodal, Multimodal Equilibrium) (CRT and INRO)This module computes an equilibrium solution between the demand (Origin-Destination) and the supply (road network). The outputs are for each link of the road network:

Average speedNumber of vehicles of each class

MOBILE6.2C(Environment Canada based on MOBILE6.2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)) Estimate emission rates of air pollutants VOC, CO, NOx, SO2, PM2.5, toxics and CO2, for 28 classes of vehicles.

1111

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

Data flow diagram

CRT EC MTQ

Grille MOBILE 6.2C

EMME/2

Enif

Begin

End

Time and dateMeteorological variables

Fuel propertiesMOBILE6.2C

Input file

Emission ratesper speed classper vehicle class

Formattedemission rates

Emissions of CAC onlinks and vertex

Gridded emissions of CACon the fine grid

MTQ and CRT

Road networkO-D survey

Counts

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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

CRT EC MTQ

Emission rates as a function of speed for 4 classes of vehicles

Émissions de VOC Running sur FREEWAY

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

4,02 8,05 16,09 24,14 32,19 40,23 48,28 56,33 64,37 72,42 80,47 88,51 96,56 104,61

Vitesse (km/hr)

Ta

ux

(g

/km

) Auto

Camion régulier

Camion lourd

Autobus

1313

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

CRT EC MTQ

Travel demandRepresented in EMME/2 by Origin-Destination matrices.

Générée

Attirée

1414

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

CRT EC MTQ

Traffic countUsed to calibrate the simulated traffic flow and interpolate diurnal, weekly and seasonal cycles.

1515

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

CRT EC MTQ

Output of EMME/2: Traffic flow

1616

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

CRT EC MTQ

Output of Enif: Emission rates on the fine (1 km) grid

Plus grandes valeursversPlus petites valeurs

1717

CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE

CRT EC MTQ

Next steps (2005-2006)

• Procedures to generate graphical as well as numerical outputs of the emission rates of criteria air contaminants from mobile sources

• Design a more general procedure that can be applied to other Canadian cities already using EMME/2 (11 cities)

• Transfer to Environnement Canada

• Chemical speciation of VOC and NOx for ADOM mechanism

• Evaluation of the results