1 inpc07, tokyo, june 8th present status and future prospects of the iter project n. holtkamp june...
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1INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Present Status and Future Present Status and Future Prospects of the ITER ProjectProspects of the ITER Project
N. HoltkampN. HoltkampJune 8, 2007June 8, 2007
INPC07, TokyoINPC07, Tokyo
2INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
ITER – the way to fusion powerITER – the way to fusion power
• ITER (“the way” in Latin) is the essential next step in the development of fusion.
• Its objective: to demonstrate
the scientific and technological
feasibility of fusion power.
• The world’s biggest fusion energy
research project, and one of the
most challenging and innovative
scientific projects in the world today.
3INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
ITER historyITER history
• 1988-1991 - (CDA) Conceptual Design Phase – Start of common activities among EU,RF, USA and JA– Selection of machine parameters and objectives
• 1992-1998 - (EDA) Engineering Design Phase – Developed design capable of ignition - large and expensive– The Parties (EU, JA, RF, US) endorsed design but could not afford to
build it• 1999 – 2001 – (EDA continues)
– US withdraws from project – Remaining Parties searched for less ambitious goal – New design: moderate plasma power amplification at about half the cost.
• 2001 - now (CTA and ITA)– End of EDA and start of negotiations on construction and operation– 4 site offers, US re-joins, China & South Korea are accepted as full partners.– Cadarache selected as ITER site (28.06.2005), India joined in Dec 2005– Agreement initialised on May 24, 2006
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Mutual trust is our greatest assetMutual trust is our greatest asset
Ceremony ITER Agreement Signature, Elysee Palace, 21 November 2006
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Construction SharingConstruction Sharing
Overall sharing:EU 5/11, other six parties 1/11 each. Overall contingency of 10% of total. Total amount: 3577 kIUA (5079 Euro-2007)
European Union
CN
IN
RF
KO
JP
US
Total procurement value : 3021
Staff: 477
R&D: 80
Total kIUA: 3577
6INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Construction Cost SharingConstruction Cost Sharing
C
“Contributions in Kind”Major systems provided
directly by Parties
B
Residue of systems,jointly funded,purchased by
ITER Project Team
A
Systems suited only to Host Party industry- Buildings- Machine assembly- System installation- Piping, wiring, etc.- Assembly/installation labour
Overall costs shared according to agreed evaluation of A+B+C
Overall cost sharing:EU 5/11, Others 6 Parties 1/11 each, Overall contingency up to 10% of total.
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ITER – Key factsITER – Key facts
The current ITER building
Cadarache Site
• Designed to produce 500 MW of fusion power (tenfold the energy input)
for an extended period of time
• Will bring together most key technologies needed for future fusion power plants
• 10 years construction,20 years operation 5 years deactivation
• Cost: 5 billion Euros for construction, and 5 billionfor operation and decommissioning
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JET (1983)
Q<1 t=1s
Pfus: 16 MW R=3m
Ip< 7 MABT0< 4T
Volume: 100 m3
JET (1983)
Q<1 t=1s
Pfus: 16 MW R=3m
Ip< 7 MABT0< 4T
Volume: 100 m3
ITER (2016)Q=10 t=400sQ=5 t=3000s
Pfus: 500 MW R= 6.2mIp: 15 MA
BT0< 5TPlasma volume:
840 m3
9INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
The Core of ITERThe Core of ITER
Toroidal Field CoilNb3Sn, 18, wedged
Central SolenoidNb3Sn, 6 modules
Poloidal Field CoilNb-Ti, 6
Vacuum Vessel9 sectors
Port Plug heating/current drive, test blanketslimiters/RHdiagnostics
Cryostat24 m high x 28 m dia.
Blanket440 modules
Torus Cryopumps, 8
Major Plasma Radius 6.2 m
Plasma Volume: 840 m3
Plasma Current: 15 MA
Typical Density: 1020 m-3
Typical Temperature: 20 keV
Fusion Power: 500 MWMachine mass: 23350 t (cryostat + VV + magnets)- shielding, divertor and manifolds: 7945 t + 1060 port plugs- magnet systems: 10150 t; cryostat: 820 t
Divertor54 cassettes
10INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
The ITER SiteThe ITER Site
• Will cover an area of about 60 ha• Large buildings up to 170 m long• Large number of systems
Tokamak building
Tritium building
Cryoplant buildings
Magnet power convertors buildings
Hot cell
Cooling towers
11INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Integrated Project Schedule Integrated Project Schedule Top DownTop Down
10 years
2 years 8 years
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ITER IO ESTABLISHED
LICENSE TO CONSTRUCT
START TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY
FIRSTPLASMA
Contract
EARTHWORKS
TOKAMAK BUILDING
OTHER BUILDINGS
TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY
COMMISSIONING
COILS
VACUUMVESSEL
InstallCryostat
1st VV/TF/TSSector
Complete VV
Complete BLK/DIV
1st PFC Install CS
First sector Last sector
Last CSLast TFC
1st PFC
1st TFC
Procurement & Fabrication
2016
Construction License Process
Last PFC
Procurement & Fabrication
12INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Procurement SharingProcurement Sharing
PACKAGE kIUA ALLOCATION REMARKS
1A 85.2 EU=100% Toroidal Field Magnet Windings
1B 82.3 JA=100%
1A for 10 TF (including 1 prototype) and 1B for 9 TF (including 2.5 kIUA for fabrication verification)
2A 51.4 EU=10%, JA=90% Toroidal Field Magnet Structures 2B 47.7 JA=100%
Fabrication of whole structures by JA and Pre-compression ring (0.6 kIUA) by EU. Final assembly of 10 TF coil cases by EU (10%)
Magnet Supports 2C 22.85 CN=100%
Poloidal Field Magnet 1 & 6
3A 13.6 EU=50%, RF=50% PF1 by RF and PF6 by EU
Poloidal Field Magnet 2 to 5
3B 33.6 EU=100%
Correction Coils 3C 2.6 CN=100%
Central Solenoid Magnet
4A+4B
39.6 US=100%
Feeders 5A 26.15 CN=100%
Feeders Sensors 5B 18.05 FUND=100%
Toroidal Field Magnet Conductors
6A 215 EU=20%, JA=25%, RF=20%, CN=7%, KO=20%, US=8%
1.1
Magnet
Central Solenoid Magnet Conductors
6B 90 JA=100%
See Note-1
Example of the Procurement Sharing Agreements
Copy from the “Common understanding of procurement sharing”
13INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
The Scope, the Schedule and The Scope, the Schedule and the Cost of ITERthe Cost of ITER
• The Schedule: begin construction in 2007 and have first plasma In 2016.
• The Construction Cost: 3.578 kIUA (~5.000 M€)
– Including 80 kIUA R&D– Including 477 kIUA Project Team
• Reserve: 358 kIUA on request by NDG • Operations Cost for 25 years: 188 kIUA/year• Deactivation for 5 years: 281 kIUA • Decommissioning: 530 kIUA (host responsibility)
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Main Management Structure Main Management Structure of the ITER IOof the ITER IO
See detailed chart
15INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
New Proposal of Long Term Staffing New Proposal of Long Term Staffing during Constructionduring Construction
• 2250 professional years and 1860 support staff years consistent with 477 kIUA
• Smooth transition to operation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Professional
Support
Total Staff
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Cadarache & EnvironsCadarache & Environs
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Site preparationSite preparation
• site clearing
• access to the site
©AIF
Main entrance
Secondary Access
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Site preparationSite preparation
• site clearing
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Contractors’ AreaContractors’ Area
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Design ReviewDesign Review
• The first goal for 2007 is to create a new Baseline Design 2007 which– Confirms or redefines the physics basis and requirements for the project – Is the basis for the procurement of the long lead items (Vacuum Vessel,
Magnets, Buildings), – provides input for the Preliminary Safety Report
• The second goal is to base the ITER design decisions also in detail on a broad basis by involving the worldwide fusion community (physics and engineering)
– Thus the Fusion community and the parties can take ownership of the project
• The third goal is to broaden the knowledge basis into the parties which is essential for a successful procurement of the ITER components in kind
– A significant part of technical coaching of industry and of the QA will rest with the Domestic Agencies (DAs)
• For components and systems which are procured at a later date or for issues with lower priority work will continue into the year 2008
21INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Design Review is performed by 8 Working GroupsDesign Review is performed by 8 Working Groups~150 members (see ~150 members (see Web Site Web Site ))
WG-1 Design Reqs. & Physics Objectives. Chair: P.Thomas; IO D.Campbell
WG-2 Safety and LicensingChair: J-P Perves; IO J-P.Girard
WG-3 Site and BuildingsChair: C.Strawbridge; IO J.Sovka
WG-4 MagnetsChair: M.Huguet; IO N.Mitchell
WG-5 Vacuum VesselChair: Songtao Wu; IO K.Ioki
WG-6 Heating and Current DriveChair: J.Jacquinot; IO A.Tanga
WG-7 Tritium PlantChair: D.Murdoch; IO M.Glugla
WG-8 In-Vessel ComponentsChair: Igor Mazul; IO M.Pick/C.Lowry
The membership consists of the
leading experts of the fusion community
in each party
The groups have written manifestos
explaining the scope of their work (see
ITER technical web)
In order to solve issues work packages
have been agreed with the parties
based on the work plans established by
the design review working groups
(80PPY)
22INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Inital On Going Issues19
225
186
out of DRone WGshared
ITER IssuesITER Issues (Link: (Link: ITER Issues Data BaseITER Issues Data Base ) )
~ 200 issues existed for several years but were for different reasons not solved or rejected
Another ~ 250 were added by the parties last autumn when the design review process started
Thus ~ 450 issue cards existed when the design review working groups were formed in December of 2006 and started their work
At the moment we have 411 ongoing issues
186 issues require consideration by more than one group
23INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Roles and Responsibilities for ConstructionRoles and Responsibilities for Construction
ITER Organization Seven Parties
• Planning / Design • Integration / QA /
Safety / Licensing / Schedule
• Installation • Testing +
Commissioning • Operation
• Detailing / Designing• Procuring• Delivering• Supporting installation• Conformance
24INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
DG
DAs
TechnicalWork
Tasks & R&D
Proc. Arrangement
IO – DAs collaboration schemeIO – DAs collaboration scheme
Config. Mngmt.
ITER Engineering Departments
ProjectOffice
SafetySecurity
QA
PDDG
FieldTeams
Proc. Control
25INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
The First Procurements: MagnetThe First Procurements: Magnet
1.1 Magnets Pkg Issue Date
Toroidal Field Magnet Windings
1A & 1B
Jan-08
Toroidal Field Magnet Structures
2A & 2B
Jan-08
Magnet Supports 2C Jan-08
Poloidal Field Magnet 1 & 6 3A Jan-08
Poloidal Field Magnets 2, 3, 4, 5
3B Jan-08
Correction Coils 3C Jan-08
Central Solenoid Magnet4A &
4BJun-08
Feeders 5A Jun-08
Feeder Sensors 5B Jun-08
Toroidal Field Magnet Conductors
6AAug-
07
Central Solenoid Magnet Conductors
6B Oct-07
Poloidal Field Magnet Conductors
6C Oct-07
26INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
Magnet ConductorMagnet Conductor• cables tested
in 2006 showed substantial degradation• Ongoing field-
cycling stress tests showing very promising results
Tentative ConclusionsThe OST strand is significantly more sensitive to strain than EAS. The long twist pitches provide better strand support than short. This is critical for OST, not for EAS. With OST small changes in strand support can provoke major performance degradation –question on OST strand suitability for CICC
Questions for further investigation (1)The TFPRO1-EAS1 leg performs better than TFAS-EAS leg. Why?Possibilities are: Higher joint resistance in TFAS is distorting interpretation. Overload of TFAS (high BI combination) at start of test. Comparing BI plots implies degradation model, not justified for different conductors
27INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
• Three equatorial ports are available for TBM testing
• Up to six different types of TBMs, with independent ancillary systems, could be simultaneously tested:
• Further time and space sharing not technically viable.
TBM R&D and Testing TBM R&D and Testing Program: Exploitation of ITERProgram: Exploitation of ITER
Summary of minimum Members’ requests on TBM leadership
PartyCeramic Breeder TBM
Liquid LiPb
TBM
Liquid Li TBM
CN1 HCCB DFLL
EU1 HCCB HCLL
IN- LLCB
JA1 WCCB
KO HCSB HCM
RF (Li/V)
US(DCLL)
Total 4 3+(1) 1+(1)
28INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
The TBMs first wall is recessed of 50 mm and protected with a Be layer
Shield plug
Frame
TBMLocation
TBM
TBMs tests need a whole TBM system
TBMs Arrangement in ITER and InterfacesTBMs Arrangement in ITER and Interfaces
TBM ports
29INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
JT-60
Fusion Plasma Research
Tokamak DEMO ReactorITER
ITER&DEMO Physics Support Activities
Component Technology
Test Blanket Module
Blanket TechnologyHeavy Irradiation
IFMIFStructure Development
Structural Material Dev.
Fusion Engineering Research
JT-60 Superconducting Coils
The Present and the FutureThe Present and the FutureRoad Map to Fusion DEMO ReactorRoad Map to Fusion DEMO Reactor
30INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
ITER Cadarache
Satellite TokamakSatellite Tokamak
International Fusion Energy Research Center
DEMO Design and R&DCo-ordination Center
DEMO Design and R&DCo-ordination Center
ITER Remote Experimentation Center
ITER Remote Experimentation Center
ITER
Data Acquisition and Analysis
Setting Experimental Parameters
IFMIF-EVEDAIFMIF-EVEDA
IFMIF
Fusion Computer Simulation Center
Fusion Computer Simulation Center
Check of experimental conditions, Machine Control, etc
International Fusion Energy International Fusion Energy Research CenterResearch Center
31INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
32INPC07, Tokyo, June 8th
SummarySummary
• ITER is worldwide one of the largest, if not the largest scientific project.
• It is the first project based on “in kind” contributions to such an extent.
• While ITER is supported in many ways by CEA and Europe, it is also a “green field” site, which means the creation of a new international organization.
• With ITER and the Broader approach DEMO is well on its way to become the final step for implementation of fusion power as a reliable source of energy.