1 introduction-cs101-fall2015.ppt

7/25/2019 1 Introduction-CS101-Fall2015.ppt

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CS101: Introduction to Computing

Instructors:Dr. Fawad Hussain, Dr. Rashad Jilani, Engr.

Ahmad Sohaib, Engr. Zawar Hussain, Engr.Usman Raa ! Dr. Ahmar Rashid.

Facult" o# $om%ut&r Sci&nc& andEngin&&ring

'I( Institut& o# Engin&&ring Sci&nc&s and

)&chnolog"

Fall 2015


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Course Information

Instructors Dr. Fawad Hussain, #awadhussain*gi+i.&du.%+ Dr. Rashad ilaniillani*gi+i.&du.%+

Engr. Ahmad Sohaib Engr. Zawar Hussain Engr. Usman Raa Dr. Ahmar Rashid., '-/, ahmar.rashid*gi+i.&du.%+

$ours& )imings )wo 0&ctur&s %&r w&&+ 1 )u&sda" 234 %m, )hursda" 5 am6 7n& lab %&r w&&+ 1)hr&& Hours6 8as $S2209

7##ic& Hours to b& announc&d
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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General Course Description

)h& Stud&nt will b& #amiliari&d with: Histor", r&s&nt and Futur& o# $om%uting.

Introduction to $om%uting Hardwar&

Introduction to $om%uting So#twar&

Introduction to rogramming $om%ut&rs

D&tail&d cours& cont&nts will b& u%load&d on th&cours& w&bsit& 1 htt%:;;253.2


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Text Boos )&>t ?oo+s

D&it&l ! D&it&l, @$ How to rogram,Fourth;Fi#th Edition,J J arson and Dan 7a, @$om%ut&r

$onc&%tsB, Cth&dition

R&r&nc& ?oo+s and at&rialrogramming and robl&m Soling with

$ b" &ll Dal& and $hi% G&&ms7nlin& )utorials;R&r&nc& at&rial

2. htt%:;;www.c%lus%lus.com;doc;tutorial;

3. htt%:;;www.c%rogramming.com;tutorial;c

-tutorial.html4. htt%:;;&n.wi+iboo+s.org;wi+i;?asic$

om%utingUsingGindows
http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/c++-tutorial.htmlhttp://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/c++-tutorial.htmlhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_Using_Windowshttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_Using_Windowshttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_Using_Windowshttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_Using_Windowshttp://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/c++-tutorial.htmlhttp://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/c++-tutorial.htmlhttp://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/


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Course Grading

Assignm&nts;ro&ct 15!

ui&s 15 !

id )&rm E>amination 25! Final E>amination "5!


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#ssignments and $ui%es

A numb&r o# assignm&nts and ui&s will b& ta+&n

Announc&d and;or unannounc&d ui&s ma" b&

gi&n to stud&nts an" tim& during;a#t&r th& l&ctur&

Gorst ui ma" b& dro%%&d at th& &nd o# th& cours&

Cop&ing'c(eating in assignments and t(e

pro)ect is categoricall& pro(i*ited and is su*)ect

to se+ere punis(ment,


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#ssignment and $ui%

-et(odolog& o lagiarismK .lagiarismis din&d in dictionari&s as th& Lwrong#ul

a%%ro%riation,L Lclos& imitation,L or @%ublicationL o#

anoth&r authorMs Llanguag&, thoughts, id&as, or&>%r&ssions,L and th& r&%r&s&ntation o# th&m as on&Ns

own original wor+ 1sourc&: www.wi+i%&dia.org6

$an "ou consult;collaborat& with &ach oth&rK

$onsulting &ach oth&r in th& assignm&nts KO&rball"

$onsulting &ach oth&r in th& ui&s K ot at all
http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/


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Course /*)ecti+e

Focus on th& br&adth-#irst co&rag& o# com%ut&rsci&nc& disci%lin&

Introduction to com%uting &nironm&nts

g&n&ral a%%lication so#twar&

basic com%uting hardwar&

o%&rating s"st&ms

d&s+to% %ublishing Int&rn&t

so#twar& a%%lications and tools

basic so#twar& &ngin&&ring and in#ormation t&chnolog"

conc&%ts


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Course Contents art 2: / l&ctur&s:

Introduction com%ut&rs and a%%lications

histor" o# com%uting

Introduction to hardwar& and so#twar&

$om%on&nts o# a com%ut&r

ardare Concepts data r&%r&s&ntation

numb&r s"st&ms

con&rsion m&thods

AS$II;Unicod&

micro%roc&ssors

m&mor"

storag& d&ic&s

In%ut;out%ut d&ic&s

Computer Softare s"st&m so#twar&

a%%lication so#twar&

o%&rating s"st&ms

Firmwar&

etor BuildingBlocs adantag&s o# n&twor+ing

disadantag&s;chall&ng&s

%os&d b" n&twor+ing

n&twor+s sco%& !

classi#ication


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Course Contents art 3: 3/ l&ctur&s:

$;$ histor"

#low charts ! %s&udocod&

assignm&nt o%&rators

d&cision ma+ing

&ualit" ! r&lational o%&rators

control structur&s I# stat&m&nt

I#P&ls& stat&m&nt

n&st&d control structur&s

switch multi%l&-s&l&ction stat&m&nt

incr&m&nt and d&cr&m&nt o%&rators

)h& &ss&ntials o# r&%&tition

1loo%s6 count&r control r&%&tition

s&ntin&l-controll&d r&%&tition

whil& stat&m&nt

doPwhil& stat&m&nt

#or stat&m&nt th& br&a+ and continu& stat&m&nts

#unctions #unction dinitions

#unction %rotot"%&s

calling #unctions call b" alu&

call b" r&r&nc&

random numb&r g&n&ration

storag& class&s

sco%& rul&s

arra"s d&claring arra"s

&>am%l&s

%assing arra"s to #unctions

s&arching arra"s

oint&rs


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Computers and #pplications


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Computers and #pplications

$ommunications

Ent&rtainm&nt

Education Sci&nti#ic com%uting

So man" a%%lications


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# Tool for Communication 3arl& telecommunications

Smo+& signals on& o# th& old&st #orms o# long-distanc&, isual communication

w&r& us&d in orth Am&rica and $hina

Drums us&d b" nati&s in A#rica, &w 'uin&a and South Am&rica

ig&ons ha& b&&n usedto gr&at #&ct in militar" situations

First isual t&l&gra%h" 1or s&ma%hor&6 s"st&m

?uilt in 2C53, b" a Fr&nch &ngin&&r, $laud& $ha%%& built b&tw&&n 0ill& and aris

First &l&ctrical t&l&gra%h" was an &l&ctroch&micalN t&l&gra%h cr&at&d b" th& '&rman %h"sician,

anatomist and in&ntor Samu&l )homas on SQmm&ring in 2=5


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# Tool for Communication

Gir&l&ss t&l&gra%h" In 2=43, Jam&s 0indsa" ga& a

classroom d&monstration o# wir&l&ss

t&l&gra%h" to his stud&nts In 2=54, addr&ssing th& Fran+lin Institut&, i+ola

)&sla d&scrib&d and d&monstrat&d in d&tail th&

%rinci%l&s o# wir&l&ss t&l&gra%h"

Radio and t&l&ision

$om%ut&r &twor+s and Int&rn&t

A radio o%&rator

r&c&iing a wir&l&ss

t&l&gra%h" m&ssag&

using a radio wa&

bas&d arconi magn&tic

d&t&ctor c.254


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# Tool for Communication

Chat

e-mail

Searching

Social Networking

Content Sharing

Blog


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# Tool for 3ntertainment

Multimedia

Games


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Computer 4e+olution

Google Ser+ers

-ars

4o+er

Flig(t

Simulator

6eara*le Computer


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Computer

G& +now how to us& a com%ut&r

G& ha& an id&a wh&r& it stands toda"

7U ha& to contribut& towards its #utur&

ow l&tMs loo+ at what it is and th& mod&st

b&ginnings #rom wh&r& it &ol&d


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istor& of Computer


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6(at is a Computer 78189

A com%ut&r is a machinethat inputs1ta+&s in6 #acts and in#ormation 1+nown as

data*6

th&nprocesses1do&s som&thing to or with6 it

can also storedata

a#t&rwards it outputs, or dis%la"s, th& r&sults #or

"ou to s&&

* Data is all +inds o# in#ormation, including,%ictur&s, l&tt&rs, numb&rs, and sounds


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)h& s&ri&s o# instructions that t&ll

a com%ut&r how to carr" out th& %roc&ssing

tas+ is r&rr&d to as th& com%ut&r %rogram

A com%ut&r so#twar& usuall" consists o# man"

%rograms d&sign&d to %&r#orm s%&ci#ic tas+s


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)h& dining #&atur& o# mod&rn com%ut&rs which

distinguish&s th&m #rom all oth&r machin&s is that

th&" can b&programmed

a list o# instructions 1th&program6 can b& gi&n to th&com%ut&r &.g.,

add on& numb&r to anoth&r

mo& som& data #rom on& location to anoth&r

s&nd a m&ssag& to som& &>t&rnal d&ic&, &tc

it will stor& th&m 1in memory6

and carr" th&m out 1execute6 som& tim& in #utur& Usuall" in th& sam& ord&r in which th& instructions w&r& gi&n


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istor& of Computer 78189

)h& #irst us& o# th& word LcomputerL was

r&cord&d in 2


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)h& histor" o# th& mod&rn com%ut&r b&gins

with two s&%arat& t&chnologi&sAutomat&d $alculation

rogrammabilit"

Earl" com%ut&rs w&r& mechanical

calculating devicessuch asAbacus, 4 ?.$

Slid& rul&


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C(inese #*acus: for performing arithmetic processes


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istor& of Computer 78"89

Slide 4ule: for performing multiplication, division, computing

roots, logarithms, trigonometric functions


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3I#C- Electronic Numerical Integrator And

Computer - was th& #irst g&n&ral-%ur%os&

&l&ctronic com%ut&r d&&lo%&d around 25T -I.S

w&igh&d 4tons

si& was roughl" ?,5 x x ?0 feet

contain&d around 5 million (and8soldered )oints consum&d 150 6 o# %ow&r enough to dim the lights of

Philadelphia when it was run!

In%ut was gi&n #rom an I? card r&ad&r

An I? card %unch was us&d #or out%ut


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istor& of Computer 78@89

Gor+ing

on,

rath&r

inside ,

3I#C


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istor& of Computer 78A89

IB- .unc( Card: Programs and data were punched by hand or

a keypunchmachine and read into a card reader


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T(e future of computers

predicted in t(e past

I think there is a world market for maybe five

computers "homas #atson, chairman of I$%, &'()

Computers in the future may weigh no more

than &* tons Popular %echanics, &'('

"here is no reason anyone would want a

computer in their home+en lson, CE, -igital E.uipment Corp, &'//


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T&pes of Computers

D&s+to%

0a%to%

)abl&t $ Gor+ Station

la" Station

ini #ram& com%ut&rs ain #ram& com%ut&rs

Su%&r $om%ut&rs


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43

Four ind of Computers1 -icrocomputers

most wid&l" us&d and th& #ast&st-growing Destop Computersar& small &nough to #it on to% or along th&

sid& o# a d&s+ and "&t ar& too big to carr" around. &rsonal $om%ut&rs Gor+stations 1high &nd microcom%ut&r #or t&chnical;sci&nti#ic com%uting6

.orta*le Computersar& small &nough and light &nough tomo& &asil" #rom on& %lac& to anoth&r. 0a%to%s: 2-2< %ounds in w&ight ot&boo+s: /-2 %ounds in w&ight Subnot&boo+s: 3-< %ounds in w&ight

&rsonal Digital Assistants: Also +nown as %almto%com%ut&rs and handh&ld $s. )h&" combin& %&n in%ut,writing r&cognition and communication ca%abiliti&s


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44

2 -inicomputers D&s+ si& machin&s. Fall b&tw&&n microcomputersand mainframe

com%ut&rs in th&ir %roc&ssing s%&&ds and data-storing ca%abiliti&s.

ight b& us&d #or researc(or monitoringa%articular manu#acturing %roc&ss.

Small&r com%ani&s ha& b&&n usingminicom%ut&rs #or th&ir data %roc&ssing n&&dssuch as accounting'*illing s&stems.


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4T

-ainframe Computers

0arg& com%ut&rs. $a%abl& o# gr&at %roc&ssing s%&&ds and data-

storing.

)h&" ar& us&d b" large organi%ationsV

*usiness, *ans, go+ernment agencies&tc Vto handl& millions o# transactions.

For &>am%l&, airline companiesus&

main#ram& com%ut&rs to %roc&ss in#ormation

about millions o# tra&l&rs.


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4/

" Supercomputers

)h& most %ow&r#ul t"%& o# com%ut&r is th&su%&rcom%ut&r.

)h&s& machin&s ar& s%&cial, high-ca%acit"

com%ut&rs us&d b" +er& large organi%ations.

For &>am%l&, #S#us&s su%&rcom%ut&rs totrac+ and control space explorations.

Su%&rcom%ut&rs ar& also us&d #or oil

exploration, simulationsand worldwid&

w&ath&r #or&casting.


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Components of aComputer


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.arts of a Computer

)h&r& ar& two main %arts o# com%ut&rs,

hardwar& and so#twar&

Hardwareis all o# th& %arts o# th& com%ut&r "oucan s&& and touch. E.g., onitor, (&"board, roc&ssor, &mor", $ircuits,

$abl&s &tc

Softwarer&rs to %arts o# th& com%ut&r which do

not ha& a mat&rial #orm. E.g.,

Data, rograms, rotocols &tc


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Computer :

#n 3xternal oo $asing 8with com%on&nts insid&9

Ne0t slide

onitor 0&ts th& us&r s&& how th& com%ut&r is

r&s%onding to th&ir command (&"board

For &nt&ring t&>t commands

ous& oint-and-$lic+ int&r#ac& #or

int&racting with gra%hical

&nironm&nt


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Computer:

Internal Components 78189

Insid& th& casing, w& ha& a built-in %ow&r su%%l"along with:

oth&rboard It is th& c&ntral %rint&d circuit board 1$?6 wh&r& th& cor&

com%on&nts o# "our com%ut&r r&sid& %roid&s slots to host microprocessor, memory, driver

controllers, graphics card, modem, network card &tc

also %roid&s &l&ctrical conn&ctions b" which th&s& host&d

com%on&nts communicat& Hard Dis+ Dri&

&rman&nt storag& #or data and %rograms. Also,

normall", "our o%&rating s"st&m is install&d h&r&.

$D-R7 ; DOD la"&r

C


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Computer:


-ot(er*oard: 1ockets 2 1lots

Slot for

Microprocessor

D!M

Memory

Slot

!"# Slot

$"raphics%

#&' Slot$sound, network,

modem%

'D( ) !! &onnector

$hard disk, &D+M%

#ower

&onnector

&ri%h&ral $om%on&nt Int&rconn&ct

Integrated Dri+e 3lectronics;

#T #ttac(ment

C t


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Computer:


.oer Suppl&

C t


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Computer:

Internal Components 78"89

-icroprocessor

Grap(ics Card

C t


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Computer:


etor Card4#-

Computer:


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Computer:

Internal Components 78@89

ard Dis Dri+e

DD 46

Computer: Internal Components 7 9


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Computer: Internal Components 7889

-ot(er*oard:

Connectors 2Ports

/ld S&stems: DE-5 RS-343

Ls&rial mous&L conn&ctor

/ld S&stems: /-%in;2=W

DI conn&ctor

eest S&stems

Us? ous&X

eest S&stems

Us? ("&board

1Uni&rsal S&rial ?us6

.S'2 e&*oard Connector .S'2 mouse Connector

.rinterE 3xternal CD dri+e

ip dri+eE ext, 'D and etc,

-odemE e&*oardE scanner

-ouseE external 'D E

-. pla&ers,

-onitor

C t


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Computer:

.erip(erals

A %&ri%h&ral d&ic& is an &ui%m&nt that might b&

add&d to a com%ut&r s"st&m to &nhanc& its

#unctionalit"

rint&r Digital cam&ra

Scann&r

ro&ctor Jo"stic+

'ra%hics tabl&t


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ext Time

Hardwar& ! So#twar& $onc&%ts


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4eferences

http344enwikibooksorg4wiki4$asic5Computing56si

ng5#indows

htt%:;;&n.wi+i%&dia.org;wi+i;$om%ut&r

htt%:;;www.cs.dartmouth.&du;#arid;t&aching;csT;summ&r.=;not&s;histor"o#com%uting;

htt%:;;#t%.arl.mil;Ymi+&;com%hist;&niac-stor".html

htt%:;;&d-th&l&n.org;com%-hist;?R0-&-h.html htt%:;;&n.wi+i%&dia.org;wi+i;oor&Nslaw

htt%:;;&n.wi+i%&dia.org;wi+i;oth&rboard

1 introduction-cs101-fall2015.ppt

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