1. introduction to leed rating system 2. cemex case study · 1. introduction to leed rating system...

1. Introduction to LEED Rating System

2. CEMEX Case Study

3. Cement vs. Concrete in the era of sustainability

4. Industry validation

1. LEED Rating System

2. CEMEX Case Study



- 16 -

HISTORICALLY, THE GREEN BUILDING INDUSTRY HAS VIEWED CEMENT AND CONCRETE AS A NECESSARY EVIL

Opportunities exist for differentiation, but we must be proactive

Current State Opportunity

Product Innovation

Emphasis on priceRelegated to role of “order taker”Limited opportunity for incremental sales

Maximize the credit received from concrete in current green building applicationsDevelop new green building products which benefit from the inherent properties of concrete

Value Creation

Limited customer interaction Little value received from supplierFragmentation of strategiesIneffective sales efforts

Develop compelling value propositionsBundle product and service solutions to deliver greater value to owner, contractor and builder

Building Demand

Forced to defend the use of cement with it’s high first-cost embodied energy

Transition perception in design/build community from cement to concrete Leverage research findings to position concrete as a premier environmental solution

- 17 -

INNOVATIONS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT WILL REQUIRE A COMBINATION OF COMPLEMENTING TECHNOLOGIES

Products Description

Reactive:Current Use

MCP Meet demand for low-CO2 cement for green building applicationsSurvey current products & catalog as green building portfolio Develop new products which meet pending green building requirements

Blended cement

Low-CO2 concrete

Proactive:New Product Development

Optimized concrete walls:Three phase approach

1. Reduce embodied energy while reducing cost and time to build2. Value-engineer insulation levels, concrete thickness & construction

techniques3. Design buildings that use less energy then they produce

Silicon and ConcreteWaterproofHighly reflective surfaceIntegrated insulation

Structural elements with integrated waterproofing: walls, roofs, below-gradeHighly reflective rooftops; exceed minimum albedo requirements with one applicationConcrete with enhanced insulating properties: walls, roof, shingles, other applications

Sustainable Pavement Enhanced durability, fuel savings, reflectivity and strength

Other Green Building Products

Evaluate rating systems for elements that would benefit from the attributes of concrete

- 18 -

COMPELLING, RELEVANT SERVICES ELEVATES INVOLVEMENT; CX BECOMES VALUABLE AND TRUSTED RESOURCE

Services Description

Reactive: Services supporting current applications

Develop LEED best practices Leverage U.S. experience with LEED

Develop best practices and sustainable construction messagingDesign common platform & message

Proactive:Consulting services and knowledge transfer

Market Development Efforts

Target niche project owners with relevant products and servicesDevelop standardized sales tools, resources and value offeringsEngage decision makers, specifiers & influencers with sustainable message

Consulting Services

Project assistance from LEED AP Design Assistance (Recipe for LEED Gold using concrete)Material OptimizationDesign “Net Zero Energy Building”

CX Green Building Resource Center(External)

Develop LEED Rating System CalculatorHost Green Building Library/Product CatalogueOffer Case Studies describing past successPrepare market for MIT, WBCSD results

CX Green Building Knowledge center(Internal)

Interview customers: Commercial design/build contractors and top green builders; Residential builders and concrete contractors to validate internal assumptionsCoordinated LEED strategy (training, communication, best practices, experience, refine accuracy and precision of market approach


2. CEMEX Case Study



- 20 -

OBJECTIVE IS TO POSITION CONCRETE AS THE PREMIER SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL

Industry has all the right arguments

Mainline Paving Wall Systems

Environmental

• Even though concrete has 7 – 26% more CO2 emissions in initial construction, it delivers 53 –69% reduction in the life of the road

• Less maintenance translates into lower traffic congestion emissions

• Fuel savings in semi-trucks and passenger vehicles ranging from 1% to 6%

• Excluding passenger vehicles savings, annual CO2 emissions in the US could be reduced by 9.5

- 10.4MMT if highway system were build with concrete; equivalent to 1.8M cars off the road

• Concrete has better reflectivity which avoids heat island effect

• Concrete systems have superior thermal mass, continuous insulation and reduce air infiltration

• This translates into 22 – 31% savings in energy consumption vs. wood

• Considering 39% of CO2 emissions come from buildings, total US CO2 emissions would be 2.5% lower having homes and light commercial built with concrete

• This equals 123MMT CO2, more than 30 coal power plants or all the cement industry’s emissions

• Embodied energy disadvantage is quickly offset with large energy savings

• Superior air quality and noise reduction also benefit concrete

Economic

• Concrete’s initial cost used to have a 10 – 40% disadvantage vs. Asphalt

• But rise in oil prices have reduced that gap• MEPDG makes concrete comparable to asphalt• But throughout the life of the road, asphalt is

54% more expensive than concrete• Additionally, concrete prices have lower

volatility

• Concrete homes cost 3 – 10% more than their equivalent in wood

• But energy savings more than offset that gap allowing owner to afford a better home

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BUT VALIDATION OF CURRENT ATTRIBUTES IS CRITICAL Time is of the essence for producing and communicating these findings

Objectives

• Develop a rigorous basis for identifying and quantifying the environmental and economic performance of concrete

• Compare performance of concrete pavements and wall systems versus competing materials

• Provide necessary validation to promote industry’s message

Content

• LCA Concrete Buildings- Embodied energy- Energy Efficiency- Albedo, noise & air quality

• LCA Concrete Pavements- Embodied energy initial

construction & rehab- Fuel efficiency (semi-

trucks & passenger vehicles)

- Heat Island effect

• Material flow analysis to assess recycling practices

Comments

• Studies would provide all necessary arguments for promoting concrete vs. competing materials

• In the first year, priority will be given to aspects necessary for new highway bill (i.e. Fuel efficiency in pavements)

• Industry could start communicating results as early as next year

- 22 -

Increase attractiveness versus competing materials

Reduce cost and emissions

Consume less quantity

BUT INDUSTRY SHOULD NOT BE CONTENT WITH JUST PROMOTING THESE BENEFITS

We need to look for ways to increase sustainable attributes of concrete

Making our products more efficient from an economic and environmental perspective will lead to higher penetration in certain segments, while reducing pressure from regulators

Objective

Content

• Reduce environmental impact in construction by improving performance of cement & concrete

• Start with, but not limited to, nanotechnology

- Increase C-S-H gel (cement paste) performance to enhance strength and durability

- Allow for smaller structural elements or lower cement content mixes

• Enhance current understanding of molecular structure of cement paste particularly C-S-H gel

• Model changes in cement paste to look for higher strength and durability

• Support industry in adopting new technologies that come from nanotechnology research

Expected Outcome

Make cement and concrete more efficient


2. CEMEX Case Study



Concrete Sustainability Hub@MIT

PIs: John Ochsendorf, Les Norford, and Timothy Gutowski

The Edge of Concrete: A Life Cycle Investigation of Concrete

and Concrete Structures

Industry Day – August 31, 2010

Motivations for LCA work

1) Growing demand for quantifying performance of structures

2030 Challenge calls for carbon reductions of:60% in 2010 (of average carbon emissions for building type)70% in 201580% in 202090% in 2025 Carbon-neutral in 2030



1) Growing demand for improved quantification of green building

2030 Challenge calls for:

60% in 2010 (of carbon emissions 70% in 201580% in 202090% in 2025 Carbon-neutral in 2030




2) Increasing recognition that green design includes the construction phase and the operating phase of buildings




2) Increasing recognition that green design includes the construction phase and the operating phase of buildings

3) Advantages of concrete construction in lowering the emissions in the operating phase


Buildings: Locations

Phoenix Chicago

We consider two climate regions in the USWe will expand the studies to other cities


LCA Components


Pre-use phase Use phase End of life

Extraction Heating DisposalManufacturing Cooling RecyclingTransportation Lighting ReuseConcrete Fans TransportationSteel Plug loadsInsulation MaintenanceGlass Energy Mix

Commercial Buildings

Reinforced concrete frames versus structural steel frames in: 12-story commercial office buildings


Results


Total HVAC:- 5% Chicago- 6% Phoenix

‐

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Concrete Steel Concrete Steel

kBtu

/sf

HVAC Energy Usage

Fans & PumpsCoolingHeating

CHICAGO PHOENIX

Results


-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

Concrete Steel Concrete Steel

kBtu

/sf

Total Annual Operational Energy

HVAC EnergyOther Building Energy

CHICAGO PHOENIX

Chicago- 2.5%

Phoenix- 2.7%

Embodied versus operating


30% reductionspossible

40% reductionspossible

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

Mill

ions

of k

BTU

Years

Chicago BuildingsConcrete Embodied Energy Concrete Operating Energy

Steel Embodied Energy Steel Operating Energy

Results


Thermal mass provides energy savings over time

Better estimation needed of concrete recycling rates and end-of-life emissions

Even greater advantages are possible for concrete buildings

Residential Buildings

Insulated concrete form (ICF) structures versus wood frames in: Two-story single-family residences Four-story multi-family residences


20 20 15 15

12

29

6 8

1 2 3 4

Total Annual Operational Energy [kBTU/sf]

Total HVAC

Total Non‐HVAC

PHOENIXICF tight, Wood average

CHICAGO ICF tight, Wood average

• Results based on average quality wood construction, insulated to meet code vs. typical ICF quality construction

• Primary research performed to determine air-tightness of ICF construction• MIT sponsored tests on ~20 ICF houses around the country

RESULTS: Single Family Operational Energy

Chicago- 34%

Phoenix- 6.3%

Conclusions

• ICF homes deliver substantial energy savings over the lifetime of residential buildings

• Blower door testing revealed that ICF homes offer tight construction with improved energy performance

• Significant further improvements can be made to the life cycle performance of ICF homes

Goals of LCA Project

Identify advantages over full life cycle

Identify areas for improvement

Build foundations for future studies


Pavements: Locations and Materials

Concrete versus asphalt roads Analysis currently based on national averages Concentrating on high-volume highways


Roadway lighting, lane closures, etc.

High volume road: Route 101 in Oxnard, CA

(at Route 232 junction) 65 mph highway 3 lanes each direction + 4

shoulders Daily traffic: 139,000 (Of which trucks: 6,672)

Moderate volume road: Route 67 in Ramona, CA

(at Route 78 junction) 35 mph urban road 2 lanes in each direction +

4 shoulders Daily traffic: 23,400

(Of which trucks: 1,357)

Low volume road: Route 178 in Sequoia

National Forest 35 mph rural road 1 lane in each direction

Daily traffic: 5,200(Of which trucks: 468)

Model Scenarios

Full Life Cycle Emissions for Different Traffic Volumes

In Summary

Concrete production emissions are higher than asphalt, but concrete use phase emissions are lower High traffic volume concrete highways can have up to 90% lower

emissions for the entire life cycle compared to asphalt highways because of the greater fuel efficiency of vehicles driving on concrete pavements.

But no two pavements are alike The total carbon footprint of a pavement can vary by two orders

of magnitude depending on the traffic volume, rehabilitation schedule, and many other assumptions.

Pavement roughness and deflection are still inaccurate No one has accurately quantified their interactive effects, the effect

of each pavement layer, nor the effect of temperature.

Highlights of LCA Studies in Year One

For a high traffic volume highway, the greater fuel efficiency of vehicles driving on concrete pavements can lead to significantly lower carbon emissions compared to an asphalt pavement. Over a 50-year lifetime, the savings could be as high as 90% of the carbon emissions associated with the pavement selection.

For commercial buildings, the higher thermal mass of concrete buildings can offer savings of 6% of the heating, ventilation and cooling (HVAC) energy consumption for a hot climate such as Phoenix, and 5% of HVAC energy for a cold climate such as Chicago, compared to steel construction. Even greater reductions (up to 25% of operating energy) are possible through improved design of concrete commercial buildings.

For residential buildings, insulated concrete form (ICF) construction can offer HVAC energy savings of 30% or more compared to code compliant wood-framed buildings in a cold climate such as Chicago. Such operational energy savings can compensate for the initial carbon emissions of the concrete within a few decades of operation.



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1. introduction to leed rating system 2. cemex case study · 1. introduction to leed rating system...

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