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Page 1: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Introduction to Cloud Services Architecture 1

Page 2: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Cloud Computing Stack 2

Core Services

Discovery Resource Management Replication Load

Balancing

Virtualization Management

Network Hardware Application

Arc

hite

ctur

e SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

Hardware

Data Governance

Interoperability Data Migration

Man

agem

ent S

ervi

ces

Deployment

Configuration

Metering

Billing

Provisioning

Monitoring

Reporting

SLA Management

Secu

rity

Encryption

Privacy

Authentication

Authorization

Identity Federation

Page 3: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Architecture 3

Software as a Service: a multitenant platform that uses common resources and a single instance of both the object code of an application as well as the underlying database to support multiple customers simultaneously

¨  Google apps, Office 365, ZOHO, github, SalesForce.com, Oracle, etc.

Platform as a Service: provides developers with a platform for hosting of web applications as a service

¨  Google AppEngine, Microsoft's Azure, Heroku.com, etc.

Infrastructure as a Service: Delivery of computer infrastructure as a service

¨  GoGrid, Flexiscale, Layered Technologies, AppNexeus, Joyent, and Mosso/Rackspace, Amazon etc.

Arc

hite

ctur

e SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

Hardware

Page 4: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Core Services 4

Discovery

¨  Promotes reusability by allowing service consumers to find the existing services.

¨  RESTful services support discovery and reuse at design time.

Replication

¨  Replication (both Eager and Lazy) keeps all replicas as a part of one atomic transaction.

¨  Replica takes over when a location fails

Load Balancing

¨  Prevents system bottlenecks due to unbalanced loads

¨  Enables app re-provisioning without config change

Resource Management

¨  Manages virtualized resources

Core Services

Discovery Resource Management Replication Load

Balancing

Page 5: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Data Governance Principles that govern data movement outside the client entity

5

Interoperability

¨  Easy migration and integration of applications and data between different vendors' clouds in spite of differing hypervisors, technologies, storage, operating systems, security standards and management interfaces

Data Migration

¨  No data loss or availability loss while migrating data between data centers or cloud systems

¨  User should be able to move their data and applications any time from one to another seamlessly, without any one vendor controlling it

Data Governance

Interoperability Data Migration

Page 6: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Management Services Deployment and Configuration

¨  Config and deployment management tools are needed to reduce the complexity

¨  Configuration management frameworks help software developers and engineers manage server and application configuration by writing code, rather than running commands by hand

Metering and Billing

¨  Transparent metering and billing increases trust

¨  Metrics could include CPU Capacity, Bandwidth (Inbound/Outbound Data Transfer), Storage Space, Software License Fee for example

6

Man

agem

ent S

ervi

ces

Deployment

Configuration

Metering

Billing

Provisioning

Monitoring

Reporting

SLA Management

Page 7: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Management Services Provisioning

¨  Enables users to set up infrastructure without any help

¨  Provisioning helps with resource & workload management, and process automation

Monitoring and Reporting

¨  Monitors the SLA lifecycle

¨  Produce cloud system health reports

Service-Level Agreements Management

¨  Users always want stable/reliable but most cloud vendors do not provide high availability assurances

¨  SLA ensures agreed upon terms to deal with unexpected situations

7

Man

agem

ent S

ervi

ces

Deployment

Configuration

Metering

Billing

Provisioning

Monitoring

Reporting

SLA Management

Page 8: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Information Security 8

Info is not just a competitive asset. Info loss can create liability Encryption/Decryption ¨  Always encrypt before sending out ¨  Protect the keys: avoid recent Sony fiasco Privacy ¨  Cloud holds user PII* so privacy laws apply ID Federation (combining identities across systems) ¨  ID token at a portal: also acceptable at a collaborating portal Authorization and Authentication ¨  Ability to track, pinpoint, control, and manage users who try to

access machines with improper credentials

Secu

rity

Encryption

Privacy

Authentication

Authorization

Identity Federation

* PII = Personally Identifiable Information

Page 9: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

Cloud outages 9

Services  and  outage   Dura1on   Date  Microso'  Azure:  malfunc3on  in  Windows  Azure   22  h   13-­‐14-­‐Mar-­‐08  Gmail  and  Google  Apps  engine   2.5  h   24-­‐Feb-­‐09  Google  search  outage:  programming  error   40  m   31-­‐Jan-­‐09  Gmail:  site  unavailable  due  to  outage  in  contacts  system   1.5  h   11-­‐Aug-­‐08  Google  AppEngine  par3al  outage:  programming  error   5  h   17-­‐Jun-­‐08  S3  outage:  authen3ca3on  service  overload   2  h   15-­‐Feb-­‐08  S3  outage:  single  bit  error  leading  to  gossip  protocol  blowup   6-­‐8  h   20-­‐Jul-­‐08  FlexiScale:  core  network  failure   18  h   31-­‐Oct-­‐08  

Page 10: 1. introduction to_cloud_services_architecture

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Thank you.


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