1IPv6 5A7CE

IP Next Generation (IPv6)IP Next Generation (IPv6)IP Next Generation (IPv6)IP Next Generation (IPv6)

• what?what?

• why?why?

• when?when?

2IPv6 5A7CE

Why IPng?Why IPng?Why IPng?Why IPng?

• the limited availability of IPv4 addressesthe limited availability of IPv4 addresses– classless routing is the way to the 21st centuryclassless routing is the way to the 21st century

• routing is not hierarchicalrouting is not hierarchical– lots of routers, network structures are complicated lots of routers, network structures are complicated

• awkward address management in large awkward address management in large networksnetworks– the fight for space between the subnet bits and the fight for space between the subnet bits and

host bitshost bits

• no obligatory data security featuresno obligatory data security features– party authentication and data encryption party authentication and data encryption

3IPv6 5A7CE

The Run for the IPngThe Run for the IPngSimple CLNP

Simple CLNP

IP EncapsIP Encaps

CNATCNAT

NimrodNimrod

PIPPIP

SIPSIP

TP/IXTP/IX

IPAEIPAE

TUBATUBA

CATNIPCATNIP

SIPSIP

SIPPSIPP

1992 1993 1994

4IPv6 5A7CE

IPv6 (SIPP-16)IPv6 (SIPP-16)IPv6 (SIPP-16)IPv6 (SIPP-16)

• some of the header fields omittedsome of the header fields omitted

• new features with new headersnew features with new headers

• hierarchical addresses hierarchical addresses – so many that in the early stages only a minor so many that in the early stages only a minor

portion of the address space is reservedportion of the address space is reserved– IPv4, multicast and anycast addresses IPv4, multicast and anycast addresses – ““plug and play” for workstationsplug and play” for workstations

• flow labels and priorityflow labels and priority– to support the QoS featuresto support the QoS features

5IPv6 5A7CE

SIPP 16 HeaderSIPP 16 Headerversion hdr length service total length

identification flags fragment offset

time to live protocol header checksum

source address

destination address

additional parameters filler

0 15 16 31

version class flow label

payload length next header max hops

source address (128 bits)

0 15 16 31

destination address (128 bits)

IPv4:20 bytes+ options (rare)• source routing

IPv6:40 bytes+ options (common)• hop-by-hop option• source routing• fragmentation• tunnelling• authentication/encryption

next header option specific data n bytes

6IPv6 5A7CE

Important when Assigning Important when Assigning AddressesAddresses

Important when Assigning Important when Assigning AddressesAddresses

• the encoding of topological the encoding of topological information information

• geographical informationgeographical information

• mesh structures, multi-homingmesh structures, multi-homing

• methods of assigning host numbersmethods of assigning host numbers

• growing the hierarchygrowing the hierarchy

• multicast addressesmulticast addresses

• addresses for mobile hosts addresses for mobile hosts

• other protocols (also IPv4)other protocols (also IPv4)

7IPv6 5A7CE

IPv6 AddressesIPv6 Addresses

FEDCFEDC::BA98BA98::76547654::32103210::FEDCFEDC::BA98BA98::76547654::32103210

xx::::yy the area between filled with zeroesthe area between filled with zeroes

::::a.b.c.da.b.c.d the encoding of an IPv4 addressthe encoding of an IPv4 address

::0::0 an undefined addressan undefined address

::1::1 “myself”, loopback“myself”, loopback

FE80::FE80::interface IDinterface ID a network separated by routers (link-a network separated by routers (link-local)local)

FEC0::FEC0::subnet:interface IDsubnet:interface ID internal for an organization (site-local)internal for an organization (site-local)

FF...FF... multihost addressmultihost address

FF02::1FF02::1 equivalent to broadcast; all hostsequivalent to broadcast; all hosts

FF02::2FF02::2 all routers (within a network)all routers (within a network)

8IPv6 5A7CE

(Possible) IPv6 Internet (Possible) IPv6 Internet AddressesAddresses

• 001, Format Prefix (FP)001, Format Prefix (FP)– indicates the global hierarchical indicates the global hierarchical

addressaddress

• TLA, Top Level AggregatorTLA, Top Level Aggregator– top level network linktop level network link

– max. 8 192max. 8 192

• NLA, Next Level AggregatorNLA, Next Level Aggregator– a teleoperator or a major a teleoperator or a major

customercustomer

– consists of several consists of several n n bit fieldsbit fields

– max. 16 777 216 (8 bits reserved)max. 16 777 216 (8 bits reserved)

• SLA, Site Level AggregatorSLA, Site Level Aggregator– organization subnet informationorganization subnet information

– several levels if necessaryseveral levels if necessary

– max. 65 536max. 65 536

• Interface IDInterface ID– IEEE EUI-64, 64 bitsIEEE EUI-64, 64 bits

– usually a 48 bit MACusually a 48 bit MACaddress in EUI-64 formataddress in EUI-64 format

– max. 18 446 744 073 709 551 616

0128 112 80 64

001 TLA RES NLA* SLA* Interface ID

104

9IPv6 5A7CE

• router discovery• prefix discovery• parameter discovery• address determination• next hop determination• address resolution• duplicate address detection• unreachability detection• redirect

Neighbor DiscoveryNeighbor DiscoveryNeighbor DiscoveryNeighbor Discovery

10IPv6 5A7CE

Neighbor SolicitationNeighbor SolicitationNeighbor SolicitationNeighbor Solicitation

11IPv6 5A7CE

Neighbor AdvertisementNeighbor AdvertisementNeighbor AdvertisementNeighbor Advertisement

13IPv6 5A7CE

The IPv4 -The IPv4 ->> IPv6 Translation IPv6 Translation• IPv4 and/or IPv6/v4 nodes will not become isolatedIPv4 and/or IPv6/v4 nodes will not become isolated• at first IPv6 traffic will be tunnelledat first IPv6 traffic will be tunnelled• IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 only in tunnelsIPv6 only in tunnels

– example: an IPv6/v4 compatible firewall hostexample: an IPv6/v4 compatible firewall host

IPv4IPv4

IPv4IPv4

IPv6/v4IPv6/v4

IPv6/v4

IPv6/v4IPv6/v4IPv6/v4IPv6/v4

IPv6/v4IPv6/v4

A

B C

D

E

F

G

14IPv6 5A7CE

ICMPICMP

IPv6 developmentIPv6 development

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

SIPP-16SIPP-16SIPP-16SIPP-16

subcategories:• IPv6 • transition• autoconfiguration• address allocation• security• routing

IPv6IPv6IPv6IPv6

IPIP

TCPTCP

DNSDNS FTPFTP ??????

?

15IPv6 5A7CE

6bone backbone (LANCS)6bone backbone (LANCS)6bone backbone (LANCS)6bone backbone (LANCS)

16IPv6 5A7CE

Testing Address HierarchyTesting Address HierarchyTesting Address HierarchyTesting Address Hierarchy

17IPv6 5A7CE

Further Information on IPv6Further Information on IPv6Further Information on IPv6Further Information on IPv6