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1 IRE Seminar Preparation to IAS - IFRS

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Page 1: 1 IRE Seminar Preparation to IAS - IFRS IRE Seminar Preparation to IAS - IFRS

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IRE Seminar

Preparation to IAS - IFRS

IRE Seminar

Preparation to IAS - IFRS

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INTRODUCTION AND

REGULATORY BACKGROUND

TO IAS - IFRS

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Strategic aspects

A change of culture A challenge

Success factors

- Transparency- Economic substance- Lobbying

- Financial indicators- Market pressure- Strategy- Communication

Project mgt Rules selection Training Transition

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A change of mindset

Accounting options

On Balance sheet

Disclosures

Transparency

Examples

• R&D• Financial instruments

• Pensions• Consolidation

• Textual disclosures• Related parties• Segment information• Non recurring

transactions

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A change of mindset (cont’d)

Extension of the communication

XBRL

New values

Quarterly info

Less time to report

Move to IAS

« Valuereporting »

« Corporatereporting »

Internet

Analysts

Euronext - EU

Mandatory

Sources & pressures

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How complex is it ? How complex is it ?

Complex

Complex

• Pensions

• Taxes

• Off-B/S

• Consolidation

• Segments

• Provisions • Disclosures

Easy Systems Complex

• Competitors ?• Current organisation• Convergence US GAAP ? !

• Fixed assets• Fixed assets

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What are International Accounting

Standards (« IAS ») ??

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International Accounting Standards

Comprehensive set of pronouncements including– 34 Standards and 1 amendment– 30 SIC Interpretations– IAS Frameworkcovering some 1,400 pages

April 2001 : IASB decides that future standards will be

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (« IFRS »)

Existing standards continue to be referred to as IAS

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IASB’s active agendaIASB’s active agenda

• Improvements project

• Amendments to IAS 32 and 39

• First-time application of IFRSs

• Share-based payments

• Business combinations (Phase 1)

• Reporting financial performance

• Convergence project

• Insurance contracts

• Improvements project

• Amendments to IAS 32 and 39

• First-time application of IFRSs

• Share-based payments

• Business combinations (Phase 1)

• Reporting financial performance

• Convergence project

• Insurance contracts

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IAS and the EU

Key terms of the EU Regulation:

Adoption of IAS mandatory for listed EU companies at the latest by 2005 (for consolidated F/S)

Option for member states to require OR permit the adoption of IAS for private companies and/or for unconsolidated F/S

Creation of an EU « endorsement mechanism » to adopt

existing standards (by December 31, 2002)

new standards (as and when issued)

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IAS and the EU (cont’d)Purpose of endorsement mechanism :

EU control over standard settingPossibility to exercise pressure on IASB during the development of new

standards and interpretations

• Endorsement mechanism has two levels : Regulatory level (EC): vote on adoption OR rejection of a standard or a

standard amendmentExpert level (private sector): consultative body providing support and

expertise to the Regulatory level

June 2001: Creation of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) to assume role of expert level

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IAS and the EU (cont’d)

Other mattersUS GAAP will no longer be an allowed option in 2005

Approximately 7,000 listed EU companies will need to convert (only 275 apply IAS today and 200 apply US GAAP)

IAS enforcement depends entirely upon companies’ management, auditors and securities regulators. Securities regulators (FESCO) are looking into this

Euronext will impose the use of IAS to the segments Next Prime (blue chips) and Next Economy (high tech) as from 2004

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IAS AND THE BELGIAN

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

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IAS and the Belgian environmentIAS and the Belgian environment

TODAY’S SITUATION :

•Holding companies (authorization by CBF)•Other companies (« global players ») (authorization by Ministry of Economy)

TODAY’S SITUATION :

•Holding companies (authorization by CBF)•Other companies (« global players ») (authorization by Ministry of Economy)

Subject to compliance with 4 & 7th directives

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IAS and the Belgian environment

Conditions :

– Companies listed or seeking to be listed on foreign capital markets

– Companies with significant operations in foreign countries

– Belgian subsidiaries with parent company using IAS

– Companies active in sectors applying IAS

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IAS and the Belgian environment

March 2001 communication by the CBN/CNC = minimalistic :

Requirement only for consolidated F/S of listed companies

Adoption for consolidated F/S of unlisted companies = optional

Adoption only by 2005 Recommendation not to extend to unconsolidated

financial statements No recommendations to solve critical issue of link

between F/S and income tax return

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IAS and the Belgian environment

March 2001 communication by the CBN/CNC lacks courage because :

Does not address the issue of the link between F/S and income tax reporting

Does not recommend IAS for single F/S Therefore creates additional burden for companies

(double reporting => conso/single) Does not explicitely encourage early adoption of

IAS

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De Angelsaksische benadering t.o.v. E.U.

Het getrouw beeld primeert(true and fair view)(substance over form)(judgment)

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Prudence concept t.o.v. accruals conceptE.U. Angelsaksisch

Waarderingsregelshistorisch bedrijfseconomischE.U. Angelsaksisch

Provisies en reservesprovision accounting income smoothingAngelsaksisch E.U.

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Eenvormigheid van de voorstellingAngelsaksisch : minderE.U. : meer (zelfs boekhoudplan)

Aandeelhouder als gebruiker van de financiële informatie–prospectief gebruik (Angelsaksisch)–evaluatie van het voorbije (historisch) (E.U.)

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I. De filosofie van de 4e E.U.-richtlijn(de boekhoudrichtlijn - jaarrekening)

De 4e E.U. richtlijn heeft als doel–expliciet : - bescherming van de schuldeisers - dus nadruk op eigen vermogen (de ultieme waarborg) - de jaarrekening moet de belanghebbende inlichten

–impliciet : - belastbaar inkomen - evaluatie van het management

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IV. Vergelijking IAS-EU-richtlijn

Algemene principes

–Prudence and realisation

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International Accounting Standards (Prudence)IASC Framework :“para 37 : (...) Prudence is the inclusion of a degree of caution in the exercise of the judgements needed in making the estimates required under conditions of uncertainty, such that assets or income are not overstated and liabilities or expenses are not understated. However, the exercise of prudence does not allow, for example, the creation of hidden reserves or excessive provisions, the deliberate understatement of assets or income, or the deliberate overstatement of liabilities or expenses, because the financial statements would not be neutral and, therefore, not have the quality of reliability.”

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International Accounting Standards (Prudence)

IAS 1 (revised 1997)

“para 20 : Management should select and apply an enterprise’s accounting policies so that the financial statements comply with all the requirements of each applicable International Accounting Strandard and Interpretation of the Standing Interpretations Committee. When there is no specific requirement, management should develop policies to ensure that the financial statements provide information that is :

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(a) relevant to the decision-making needs of users; and(b) reliable in that they : (i) represent faithfully the results and financial position of the enterprise; (ii) reflect the economic substance of events and transactions and not merely the legal form; (iii) are neutral, that is free from bias; (iv) are prudent; and (v) are complete in all material respects.”

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Accounting Directives (Prudence)Art 31.1 (c) of Fourth Directive :“het voorzichtigheidsbeginsel moet steeds in acht worden genomen en in het bijzonder geldt het volgende :(aa) winsten mogen slechts worden opgenomen voor

zover zij op de balansdatum gerealiseerd zijn;(bb) alle voorzienbare risico’s en mogelijke verliezen die hun oorsprong hebben in het boekjaar of in een vorig boekjaar, moeten in aanmerking worden genomen, ook als deze risico’s en verliezen pas bekendworden tussen de balansdatum en de datum waarop de balans wordt opgesteld;(cc) waardeverminderingen moeten in aanmerking

worden genomen, ongeacht het resultaat van hetboekjaar.”

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Substance over form principle

–Financiële staten moeten eerder de economische werkelijkheid van transactie weergeven dan de juridische vorm.

–IAS Framework: § 35IAS 1 Presentation of financial statementsIAS 17 sale en lease-back: § 50

–E.U. 4e richtlijn zegt hierover niets. Wel kan het “overriding true and fair view principle” als alternatief beschouwd worden.

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Definitie van activa en schulden

–IAS Framework Definitie van Asset en Liability§ 49: Asset is a resource ...Liability is a present obligationIAS 12 Deferred taxes: § 34

–E.U. 4e richtlijn art. 9, 10, 23-26, 34, 35 § 4, 37, 41 maar geen definitie.Conflict met IAS 12 m.b.t. deferred tax assets.

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Inkomstenerkenning–Percentage of completion method : realisatieprincipeIAS 11 § 22 reliable estimate en § 23E.U. geen voorschriften.

–Percentage of completion method : voorstellingIAS 11 beschrijft wat moet vermeld worden.E.U. 4e richtlijn art. 32 vervaardigingskosten moeten vermeld worden.Algemeen kan worden verwezen naar de art. 31.1, 35.3 en 35.4, 39.1 en 39.2 van de 4e richtlijn en art. 29.1 van de 7e richtlijn

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–Impairment : measurement

•IAS 36 § 5 : recoverable amount is the higher of anasset’s net selling price and its value in use.

•E.U. 4e richtlijn art. 35 1 (c) (bb)op vaste activa, ook als hun gebruiksduur niet beperkt is, moeten waardecorrectiesworden toegepast teneinde ze in aanmerkingte nemen tegen de lagere waarde die zij opbalansdatum bezitten, wanneer wordtverwacht dat de waardeverminderingduurzaam is.

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–Impairment : cash generating unit

•IAS 36 : “para 65 : If there is any indication that anasset may be impaired, recoverable amountshould be estimated for the individual asset.If it is not possible to estimate therecoverable amount of the individual asset,an enterprise should determine therecoverable amount of the cash-generatingunit to which the asset belongs (the asset’scash-generating unit).”

•E.U. 4e richtlijn art. 31 (1) (c) :de activa en de passiva worden afzonderlijkgewaardeerd.

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–Research en ontwikkelingskosten

•IAS 38 § 42 no intangible asset arising form researchshould be recognised. Expenditure on research

should be recognised as an expense when it is incurred.§ 43 an intangible asset arising from development

should be recognised§ 79 depreciation over useful life

Rebuttable presumption that useful life of an intangible asset 20 years

•E.U. 4e richtlijn art. 37 :kosten van onderzoek en ontwikkelingmogen geactiveerd worden maar moetenop maximum 5 jaar afgeschreven worden.

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–Split accounting (eigen vermogen of schuld)

•IAS 32 : financial instruments kunnen eigenvermogen of schuld zijn.bv. : converteerbare obligaties die aan een

lagere rente dan de marktrenteworden uitgegeven.

•E.U. 4e richtlijn : nihil

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–Eigen aandelen

•SIC 16 : verandering van het eigen vermogen. Moeten afgetrokken worden van EU.Er mag geen enkele opbrengst of kost erkend worden in de resultatenrekening n.a.v. verkoop, uitgifte of vernietiging van eigen aandelen.

•E.U. 4e richtlijn : opname als actiefpost

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–Voorzieningen

•IAS 37 par 14, 36, 40, 42, 45, 63, 66, 72zeer strikte voorschriften

•E.U. 4e richtlijn art. 20, (1) (2) art. 31.1.C., art. 42 :prudence principe is belangrijk maar geenvoorziening voor toekomstige lasten

•Voor herstructureringskosten is IAS 37 in tegenspraak met E.U. richtlijn

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–Pensioenen

•IAS 19 : uitgebreide standaard

•E.U. 4e richtlijn : Art. 20.1, 42, 43.1men moet beroep doen op de regel omvoorzieningen aan te leggen.men kan in sommige gevallen naar detoelichting verwijzen.

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–Wisselkoersen

•IAS 21 : uitgebreide regelgeving met uitdrukkelijkevermelding dat wisselkoerswinsten zelfsindien niet gerealiseerd, moeten erkendworden.

•E.U. 4e richtlijn : nihil

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Consolidatie

–Negatieve goodwill

•IAS 22 : - mogelijkheid tot aftrek van het actief - negatieve goodwill in excess of fair value is resultaat

•E.U. 7e richtlijn : art. 31 : - negatieve consolidatieverschillen worden in kosten genomen bij ongunstige ontwikkeling - en de gerealiseerde meerwaarde gaat naar resultaat

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Voorstelling van de jaarrekening

–IAS 1 : componenten : - balans- resultatenrekening- vermogensmutatietabel- cash-flow statement- toelichting

–E.U. 4e richtlijn : - balans- resultatenrekening- toelichting

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–Lay out van de jaarrekening

•IAS 1 : minimum indeling maar grote vrijheid

•E.U. 4e richtlijn : strak schema

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End Part 1