1 is6600 - 11 green it. 2 introduction what kind of image does “green it” bring to mind?...
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IS6600 - 11
Green IT
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Introduction What kind of image does “green IT” bring to
mind?– Minimise negative environmental impact?– Maximise energy and algorithmic efficiency?– Maximise product lifetime?– Promote recyclability / biodegradability?– Minimise CO2 emissions?– Carbon calculators, emissions, footprints?
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Motives Why are organisations bothering to do
this? – Economic incentives?– Moral incentives?
Who cares?– Shareholders?– Customers / Consumers?– Governments?
Are there hidden agendas here?– Or simply preparations for future legislation?
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Positive Consequences of Green IT Practices
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Reduce powerconsumption
Lower costs
Lower carbon emissionsand environmental
impact
Improved systemsperformance
Space savings
Responses (%)
Murugesan, 2008
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Existing Green Work Practices
Telecommuting (work from home) Virtual teams (work across space and time) Videoconferencing (not travelling to meetings) Email (not sending letters) Paper-less or free offices! (no printers) Reduced electrical power consumption in
new PCs, servers, data centres Use of low energy peripherals
– LCDs use less power than CRT monitors Cloud computing (share resources)
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Telecommuting Working at home
– AT&T increased the number of sales people working from home; 15-20% more time with customers, saving US$550M.
– IBM saved US$100M in one US unit through telecommuting.
– Perkin-Elmer encouraged telecommuting and shut 35 branch offices altogether.
– Air conditioning (hot and cold) and lighting account for 70% of a building’s energy consumption.
But, it only makes a major difference if corporate offices get smaller or disappear. If the office is unused/empty, there is less effect.
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Virtual Teams Are characterised by
– Distributed members (city, region, country)– Longitudinal tasks (days to months)– A strong need for Collaboration, Cooperation &
Control But not all people like to work like this – and
not all organisations permit such work Further, there can be serious barriers to
effective virtual team work
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Humans Prefer Proximity…
Biologically we are coded for it Food tastes better when eaten with others Our blood pressure rises and heart beat
quickens when close to others We conform more when with others than
when alone Social habits are often group related –
cohesive groups sit together, socialise, …
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MRO’s Regional Software Sales
Sales Managers & Executives spread around the SE Asia / Greater China Region
Living in one place, but responsible for a broad area (e.g. TW+HK+MO+HI or SG+MY or GD)
No office space provided – work from home, road, i-café, hotel, airport, …
Boss is in Shanghai – see him once a year, or less.
Colleagues, data, information are ‘virtually there’ with Lotus SameTime or MS Groove.
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MRO – It Works, but… Success depends on
– The right technology, people, attitude Success involves
– A new style of work, thinking, sense of responsibility Success is measured with
– Results, sales … not hours or seniority A successful culture has to be created and
maintained So, it can be green, but green may not be for
everyone
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Technology Support
Globally accessible web-based resources– eRoom, SameTime, Groove, GSS, Wiki, IM,…
Audio & Video Conferencing Email; EDI: Electronic Data Interchange IOS: Interorganisational Systems e.g.
TradeLink connecting trading clients with:– Banks, insurance, govt depts, trade agents, port
authorities, customs & excise, shipping companies, etc
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Technology CSFs Speed of connection (inc. bandwidth) Freedom of access to information
– Internet censorship of key public resources Functionality and Ease of Use Security, Privacy and Integrity Adapting the technology to fit the team’s
needs– Are we using the technology as planned by its
designers, or are we adapting it, and how effective is it in consequence?
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What Plans are in the Pipeline?
IBM reports that “leading companies are beginning to capture & report energy, water, waste and GHG emissions information” so as to:– Discover what information is needed, at what frequency,
and in whose hands – so as to drive change.– Ensure that the right investments are being made to meet
long-term commitments IBM suggests that “smarter” companies will track this
kind of information on a daily, real-time basis and send it to "smarter" people who are trained and rewarded to drive continuous improvement.
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Green SigmaTM: IBM’s Own Strategy
http://www.greensigma.org/ – “the adaption of Lean Six Sigma to
environmental and climate protection”– “The Green Sigma™ Dashboard for Energy
proactively monitors KPI data, alerts and trends, and enables drill-down analysis…”
– “The Green Sigma™ Dashboard for Water monitors KPI data, alerts and trends to drive Water related benefits”
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GreenSigmaTM Energy Dashboard
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Water Reduction Challenge
Reduce water consumption to reduce operating cost and minimize environmental impact
Leverage end-to-end data acquisition, storage and visualization techniques to monitor water usage and improve efficiency
Approach Water usage broken down by process and managed through key
process indicators Implement data collection and storage infrastructure: sensors, IT
network and servers Statistical process control techniques used to continually analyze
vast amounts of operational data and present information in efficient, concise interface
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Power Consumption Power to run applications
– Day to day use in the office Power to create computer components
– Electricity used in the manufacturing process
Power to run office systems– Air-conditioning, lighting, lifts, etc.
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Algorithmic Efficiency An efficient computer programme will get the work
done quicker and with less power consumption than an inefficient programme
When you run a search on Google, you are instructing Google’s servers to process some code – which requires power and generates CO2.– One estimate from Harvard put this at 7g of CO2 per
search– Google thinks only 0.2g CO2 per search.– Whatever, but think how many searches there are per
day!!! 1 tonne = 1 million grammes
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Product Longevity The power needed to manufacture all of the
components in a computer is considerable Gartner estimates that it can be 70% of the
total power use in a product’s lifetime! So, extending the life of a product means
that the same power lasts longer Upgrading a component consumes much
less power than buying a new product
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Product Disposal & Recyclability
New, more efficient products are nice, but what about the cost of disposing the old product?
About 65% of all computers made worldwide in the next five years will be disposed in landfills.
The UN Environment Program (www.unep.org) estimates that 50 million tons of e-waste are generated worldwide each year.
This e-waste is often exported– to less developed countries in Asia and West Africa where
environmental legislation is less strict
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End-of-Life Product Management
Keep old electronic products out of the domestic/municipal waste sector
Encourage reuse of components while there is still value– This constitutes a reverse supply chain (RSC)– But it is complex to determine the value of the
bits and pieces in this RSC Refurbishment and reuse? Dismantle and recycle as spare parts? Dispose?
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RSCTake back Programme
Collection Centre
Reutilisation Centre
Collection Centre
Take back programme
Products at end of lease or life, or never used
Remanufacture Products
Dismantle for Service Parts
Recycle Components
Disposal
Demand for parts
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Xerox Many green initiatives
– Reduce, reuse, recycle When an old photocopier is replaced, all
reusable parts are reused in the same customer’s new photocopier
Toner cartridges always reused– Did you notice that CityU encourages recycling
of toner cartridges? In future, no toner cartridges at all – solid ink
sticks instead!
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Carbon: Emissions, Calculators, Footprints
Power consumption is the primary source of CO2 from IT use.
However, IT-supported communications, meetings, etc. mean that people don’t need to travel – so IT use can contribute to CO2 emission reduction from cars, trains, planes.
Zero CO2 is impossible – after all, we breathe it out! But CO2 can be reduced.
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Carbon Footprint The total amount/weight of CO2 caused by
an organization, event, product or person There are various ways to calculate a
carbon footprint – and there are standard metrics for specific fuels and products
The greenest power sources are: nuclear, hydroelectric and wind– But they are not zero – CO2 is still needed to
create the power sources in the first place.– And all three have their own hazards.
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Calculating a Carbon Footprint
There are many tools that you can use to calculate carbon footprints
Here are a few examples of tools – and reports about carbon footprint data– http://
www.co2list.info/topics/category/footprint%20calculator– http
://www.wwf.org.hk/en/news/press_release/?2560/WWF-Reveals-the-Latest-Carbon-Footprint-Data
– http://www.climateers.org/eng/contents/climateer_calculator.php
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Green Politics & GreenWash
There are hundreds of business and government ‘initiatives’
Few have been implemented, and few have measurable targets
This is called “Greenwash” (think of ‘brainwash’)
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Green Initiatives EnergyStar is one initiative in the US
– Products can be labelled if they are certified as low power consuming devices
In the EU, the Ecolabel is found Others include the FSC (for paper),
MSC for seafood In Hong Kong, the Energy Label
from the EMSD of HK Govt
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IBM Initiatives http://
www.ibm.com/ibm/responsibility/2013/supply-chain/index.html
IBM has 18,000 suppliers in ~100 countries– IBM cannot control the behaviour of its
suppliers, but it can choose to buy from suppliers which are green
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Industry Initiatives The Climate Savers Computing Initiative
(WWF) aims to reduce the electric power consumption of PCs in active and inactive states
The Green Electronics Council offers the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool to assist in the purchase of "greener" computing systems.
The Green Grid is a global consortium dedicated to advancing energy efficiency in data centres and business computing ecosystems.
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Climate Savers Computing Initiative
Typically PCs waste up to 50% of power used – as heat; 30-40% for servers.
Better power management can dramatically reduce electricity bills – and reduce carbon emissions
90% efficiency is targetted by CSCI and Energy Star
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Your Green Future? Enabling a low carbon economy Reducing CO2 emissions Environmentally friendly (or less unfriendly)
applications– Domestic, industrial, government
Propose a Green Technology Strategy for some aspect of Hong Kong life – (6 slides max)
Be creative, bold and set strict (but achievable) targets)
Focus on technology please!!!