1 itsk 2611 welcome. 2 operating system 3 what is an os resource manager –disk –memory –cpu...
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ITSK 2611
Welcome
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Operating System
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What is an OS• Resource Manager
– Disk– Memory– CPU
• Device Manager– Printers– Video Card – Sound Card
• Utility
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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Managing Disk• Computers have a hard drive.
– This is where all long term information is stored– OS makes the drive look like a folder to us.
• In reality the drive is made up of many read heads, platters, cylinders, and sectors.
• A given file is usually stored in many small pieces all over the drive
– The OS remembers where all the pieces are, and when we ask to see the file it quickly puts it all back together
– This allows for better use of the available space.
• Different OS use different methods to store the files:– FAT, NTFS, E2FS.
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Managing CPU• A CPU can only do one thing at a time.
– So even when it looks like your computer is doing many things, its really doing them in a serial manner, just so quickly we can’t tell.
• Play MP3, Printing a document, Allowing you to type an email, downloading a web page.
– The OS decides which process gets to use the CPU next, and for how long it can stay there.
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Managing Memory• Each computer has a set amount of physical
memory– 32MB, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024MB etc– Many applications today are huge.
• e.g. Outlook takes 12MB just to run, Netscape takes 10MB.
– To a user it seems that you can load as many applications as you want.
• The OS decides how much memory each application gets
• When memory is not in use the OS will swap it to disk.
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Managing Devices• Many Video, Sound, Network cards can perform
pretty complex stuff these days.– Example, video cards which are optimized to compute
3D graphics.
• The OS needs to know how to use these special services, and when to use them.– A device driver explains to the OS what the device can
do.
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GUI/Applications• Today we are used to OS which provide us nice
GUI’s and applications.– When a new version of Windows comes out the first
thing we notice is how it looks.• What games it came with
• What new application run on it.
– We hardly notice how the OS it self actually works.• Except when it crashes.
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UNIX/Linux
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Birth of UNIX• Unix was created in 2 places at once.
– AT&T Bell Labs (Lucent Technologies)– Berkley Standard Distribution
• Designed as a – Multi User– Multi Tasking OS.
• Sold commercially by AT&T and Berkley it was expensive.
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Along comes Linux• In 1991 Linus Torvalds was a college student in
Finland.– He was annoyed by Windows– Couldn’t afford UNIX for his PC– So he decided to write a very basic UNIX clone.– He released the kernel under the GPL (General Public
License)• Anyone can get the source code
• Any changes you make you must make public
– Today Linux is as featured as any version of UNIX, and is freely available for almost any hardware platform.
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Linux Distributions• Some software companies have grown up around
Linux.– RedHat is the most famous.– They provide some value added services:
• Technical Support
• Documentation
• A repository for applications
• Some custom software– Install Script
– Today the public is used to getting software which is easy to install and is already compiled.
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Why Linux?• Strengths:
– Very reliable• Often Linux servers run for YEARS without reboots
– OS is detached from applications• Installing the latest version of IE won’t crash your system.
– Free– Constantly being developed, and added to by 1000’s of
coders all over the world
• Weaknesses:– Sometimes confusing, and difficult to use.– Many different distributions, no clear “perfect” version.