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JICA’s Capacity Development Concept

and Activities in Tanzania

March, 2007Koji Makino

JICA Tanzania

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Today’s Topics

1. Capacity Development Concept

2. JICA’s Activities

in Tanzania

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1. Capacity DevelopmentConcept

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Capacity is the ability of people, organisations and society as a whole to manage their affairs successfully.

Capacity development is the process whereby people, organisations and society as a whole unleash, strengthen, create, adapt and maintain capacity over time.

Promotion of capacity development refers to what outside partners can do to support, facilitate or catalyse capacity development and related change processes.

DAC ･ GOVNET (2005) The Challenge of Capacity Development: Working Towards Good Practice

Definitions about CD

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Key Concepts of CD (1) - Endogenous Process -

Capacity(Capital)

ExistingCapacity

(Ability to manage own affairs)

1990s-Capacity Development

TechnologyInvestmentKnowledge

-1970s: Technical Transfer80-90s: Capacity Building

TechnologyInvestmentKnowledge

CD is an endogenous process and external actors can only facilitate the process as an catalyst.

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KnowledgeA

KnowledgeC

Donor Partner Country

Transfer of Knowledge

Donor Partner Country

Knowledge Creation

Knowledge Creation

KnowledgeB

KnowledgeA’

KnowledgeA

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Perception Change

Import external ones

Technical transfer

Donor driven

Supplier

Knowledge creation

Based on the existing

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Local ownership

Facilitator/ Catalyst

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Individual level

Organizational level

Societal level

All three levels of capacity are equally important and mutually interdependent.

Key Concepts of CD (2) - Systems Perspective -

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Partners set the agenda

Aligning with partners agenda

Using partners’ systems

Establishing common arrangements

Simplifying procedures

Sharing information

Harmonization (Donor – Donor)

Alignment( Partner country – donor)

Ownership ( Partner country)

Aid Effectiveness

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The Capacity to plan, manage, implement, and account for results of policies and programmes, is critical for achieving development objectives from analysis and dialogue through implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Capacity development is the responsibility of partner countries with donors playing a support role. It needs not only to be based on sound technical analysis, but also to be responsive to the broader social and economic environment, including the need to strengthen human resources.

Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005)

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2. JICA’s Activities in

Tanzania

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JICA Tanzania/Japan’s ODA

• The office has been established in 1980.

• Our strengths:　　① Quick actions and Long

commitment!　　② Various menu of aid approaches!　　③ Excellent track record! in the 　

　 infra., agriculture, health, etc.　　④ Capacity development approach!

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Development progress and challenges in Tanzania

(1)Our observation →Policy/budget dialogs strengthened between

Treasury and line ministriesPublic financial management system

improvedBrilliant record especially in the social

sector triggered by the budget supports

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Development progress and challenges in Tanzania

(2)Reforms are going on in the local level.But, severe lack of capacity in the local4 gaps between the central and the local;　　　 ① Human resources　　　 ② Knowledge and information　　　 ③ Money　　　 ④ Reform mindChallenges remained in the central despite

the progress

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Our aid approach Multi-layer approach broadly to tackle capacity issues

The central Gov.

Local Gov. AuthoritiesCBO, Private partners

Top

-dow

n

Bottom

-up

GB

S, C

omm

on p

ool

Project

Project

Project

Project

Policy advise/dialog

Strengthening capacity of LGAs

JICA/JAPAN

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Aid priority areas

Good Governance & accountability

Growth &reduction of income poverty

Improved quality of life & social well-being

MKUKUTA / NSGRP

Poverty Reduction

Pro-poor oriented

Broad-based growth orientedAgriculture

Infrastructure

HealthEducation

Local Gov. reformPublic financial managementMKUKUTA monitoring

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Individuals Organization Society

PublicSector

Private

Sector

Civil

Society

Partnership with

multilateral institution

Partnership for CD

Partnership with bilateral organization

JICA project A

Partnership with NGO

JICA project B

JICA Program

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Development Partnership Japan/JICA

ContributionJapan/JICA accepted as a full partner in aid coordination by both GoT and donors

The active participation/contribution to aid coordination at the levels of both macro (GBS/Poverty Monitoring etc.) & Sectors (Edu/Health/PFM/Roads etc.)

Leading role in Agriculture SWAps (ASDP)The provision of Grant Aid to GBS (JPY 5.45

million/JFY04) poverty monitoring CB (Only one case in the world at the moment)

Better coordinated project execution in pursuing stronger impact and lower transaction cost

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Education27

VocationalTraining 18

Health11

Others18

JOCV Japanese Overseas

Cooperation Volunteers

Morogoro

Rural development

, etc

Nurse, Occupational Therapy,

Physiotherapy

ComputerAutomobile maintenanc

e, etc

Math. And Science, Primary school.

Library, etc

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Thank You

Asanteni sana