1 joint spatial planning department stefan krappweis

1

Joint spatial planning department

Stefan Krappweis

2Joint spatial planning department

Stefan Krappweis

Singular in Germany

• Unique in german regional planning administration– One authorithy, staff from two states, share one room

• Comparison with other metroplitan regions: – Hamburg, Bremen:

• co-operation, no amalgamation:

• No common binding targets of regional plannung, elabaration of common development concepts (not binding for regions and communities),

• Funds/grants for projects


Stefan Krappweis

Singular in GermanyGL: supposed to lead the way to the big fusion: Referendum failed: 6 reasons for

Brandenburg citizens1. Capital-mortgage of East-Berlin (display window of socialism: construktion

work, money, tropical fruit put into die window, unequal living conditions)2. Centralism-mortgage (trust in the economic power of the bigger unit was

destroyed after 40 years of socialism)3. German unity-mortage: no blooming landscape in east germany, retransfer of

property to the former owner (now living in West-Germany), arrogance of the “wessis”

4. Urban-rural difference, fear of foreign infiltration; modernisation-shock bzw. Trauma:East-german citizens built a corral, defense circle out of covered wagon like in wild west, wild east against of foreign infiltration: not only coloured people, also Berliners (percentage of foreign in Brandenburg 2,3 % (1990: 0,7 %). In Berlin 13 %

5. 1 Mio more Berliner than Brandenburger: Brandenburgs citicens fear Berlins majority would over-direct Brandenburgs interests

…6. Brandenburg would pay for Berlins debt


Stefan Krappweis

Singular in Germany

Way out for the poor states after the failed Referendum: pooling of authorities (save money):

• RBB (radio, TV, broadcast)• Courts (finanz, labor and sozial, admininistative)• Statistik• VBB

• 25 state contracts• http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/berlin-brandenburg/index.html• http://www.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php?id=53778&_siteid=14


Stefan Krappweis

History of Berlin-BrandenburgOne state until 1945: Berlin status• Berlin and Potsdam residenz of the prussian electors and kings

Factors for the Size of Berlin: • ice-age (glacial valleys, sandy soils, low density of population in the rural

areas)

• Prussian (rise to fith european greath power: England, Frankreich, Rußland, Österreich und Preußen - Pentarchie (Herrschaft der Fünf) until first world war 1914. Silesian Wars 1743-63, religious refugees, “enlightened” (restricted) absolutism (independent jurisdiction), upgrading of the residenz, upgrading of infrastructure: roads, waterways, railways; education (school attendance), science (Humbold-University, academies): industrialisation

1871: 826 000 EW reparation/period of promoterism 71/73

1914: >2 Mio. EW (1900: suburbanisation starts)

1942: 4.4 Mio EW


Stefan Krappweis

Verdichtungsräume

< 35 35 bis < 4545 bis < 55> 55

Inhabitants per km²


Stefan Krappweis

situation after the „sudden turn“ („Wende“)

• Tear down of the Berlin wall, unrestricted mobility für West-Berliner:– Inhabitants and industry

• purchasing power jump in the east – retail dilemma („Konsum“)– motorisation of East-Berliner– Residential dreams (crisis of „Platte“, panel housing)

• Suburbanisierungspotential – Inhabitants, industry, retail

• 130 000 swell-households (price for terraced house: 165.000 €)


Stefan Krappweis

situation after the „sudden turn“ („Wende“)

urban/hinterland inhabitant relation

80%

20%

54%46%

51% 49%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Berlin Hamburg München

Stadt-/Umland- Einwohnerverhältnis

Stadt

Umland


Stefan Krappweis

milestones of co-operation

1. „Come together“ – 1989/1990: Potsdam plan– instruction GRK 1992: co-operative elaboration

• LEPro (law) 1992-1998

• LEP eV (ordinance) 1992-1998

2. „march through the institutions“ (Bodies)

3. Quarrel and Mistrust – Berlin urban land use plan 1993-1994– demarcation of subregions in Brandenburg 1992-1993

4. Institutionalisation 1996


Stefan Krappweis


• „march through the institutions“ 1990-96 (slogan of ´68)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1997-20051994 1995 1996

PRA (Provisorischer Regionalausschuss)

GRA (Gemeinsamer Regierungsausschuss)

GSTK (Gemeinsame Staatssekretärskonferenz)

Viererrunde

KO-Ausschuss (Koordinierungsausschuss)

GRK (Gemeinsame Regierungskommission)

GASt (Gem. Arbeitsstelle) ab 1996: GL (Gemeinsame Landesplanungsabteilung)

IMAG (interministerielle Arbeitsgruppe)

PlaKo (P lanungskonferenz); ab 1996: PlaKo ((Gemeinsame) Landesplanungskonferenz)

weitere wichtige politische Gremien für die Koordinierung der Zusammenarbeit mit Berlin (außerhalb der Landesplanung):

Gemeinsame Kabinett-/Senatsitzung

Gemeinsamer Koordinierungsrat


Stefan Krappweis


• „state chancellary of Berlin and Brandenburg: (Plako 9.12.1993): „institutionalise joint planning“

– 4.4.1995 underwriting of the treaty – 1.1.1996 joint planning department


Stefan Krappweis

LEP eV

Spatial plan for the immediate zone of Brandenburg and Berlin– start of elaboration: 1992– ordinance in force: 21.3.1998


Stefan Krappweis

LEP eV - Ziele des Planes

Typ 3: 10 %

Typ 1: 50 %Typ 2: 25 %

1990: 276 communities

Berlin no longer „onlooker“ to the suburbansisation process


Stefan Krappweis

LEP eV-Monitoring

First report: 25.7.2000

Second report (regional planning report 2004)

Third report 2006


Stefan Krappweis

First report: Suburbanisierung

Wanderungen ins Berliner Umland seit 1991 (Saldo)

-5.000

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Berlin

äußererEntwicklungsraumBrandenburg

neue Bundesländer

alte Bundesländer

Ausland

Population increase eV 1990-2002: 180.000 EW

1990: 785.000 EW 2002: 966.850 EW


Stefan Krappweis

befürwortete Wohnbaustandorte im Umland 1999 und 2000

82%

16%2%

Siedlungsbereich

gelber Freiraum

grüner Freiraum


Stefan Krappweis

LEP eV-Erfolgskontrolle

Population increase 1990-2000:Typ 1: 8 % (Planziel: 50 %)

Typ 2: 38 % (Planziel: 25 %)

Typ 3: 40 % (Planziel: 10 %)

Communities with railway station: + 74.454 EW (+12 %)

Communities without railway station: + 65.745 EW (+37 %)

Increase of settlement area 1996/2000

eV: 8,1 %

Germany: 4,4 %


Stefan Krappweis

LEP eV-Monitoring

Population increase Typ 3-communities 1990-2000

4 Distance zones

3. behind Berlin Highway ring Groß Schulzendorf 23 %

4. outer border eV Nunsdorf -12 %

1. Berlin-neighbours Schönfließ 398 % Großziethen 315 % Seeburg

189 % Eiche 178 %

2. „2. range“ Diedersdorf 141 %


Stefan Krappweis

LEP eV-Monitoring

-14%

-26%

-43%

-45%-40%

-35%-30%

-25%

-20%-15%

-10%-5%

0%

Typ 1

Typ 2

Typ 3

Prevention of intended residential areas of communities by spatial planning department and GL since 1990

• Typ 3-communities: 2.062 ha

• all communities: 3.500 ha

= 10 x airport Tempelhof


Stefan Krappweis

Sustainability of spatial planingTen key elements for sustainable human settlements...:

1. resource budgeting

2. energy conservation and efficiency

3. renewable energy technology

4. long-lasting built structures

5. proximity between home and work;

6. efficient public transport systems;

7. waste reduction and recycling;

8. organic waste composting;

9. a circular city metabolism;

10. supply of staple foods from local sources.


Stefan Krappweis

further tasks of spatial planning department

• Lay down of spatial planning targets in other plans• harmonisation of urban land use plans (no conflicts with

superior spatial planning targets)– Berlin no longer „onlooker“ to the suburbansisation process

• Departure-form-targets-procedure• Spatial planning procedure for big projects (if no

binding targets)

• Approval of subregional plans• Monitoring, Spatial development report (4 years)


Stefan Krappweis

staff of GL

- 100 staff members: 16 of Berlin, 84 of Brandenburg - Brandenburg: head of department (AL) and 7 heads

of division - Berlin: permanent representative (SAL) and 2 heads

of division- tandem principle oder „four eyes from two states

principle“ substitue/deputy from the other state- material costs: one half each- Conflicts? Stairs!


Stefan Krappweis

GL2 european spatial development, metropolitan area

GL1 principle-, law- and organisations-subjects

GL3 programm and spatial plans, supervision of subregional planning

GL4 open space developement, conversion

GL5 economics, traffic, infrastructure, airport affairs

GL6 harmonisation of urban land use plans, eastern Brandenburg, ROV (Spatial planning procedure for big projects)

Head of department

Permanent representative of the head of department

GL7 harmonisation of urban land use plans, southern Brandenburg, ROV (Spatial planning procedure for big projects)Brown coal and clean up planning

GL8 harmonisation of urban land use plans, western Brandenburg, ROV (Spatial planning procedure for big projects)

GL10 Strategic planning


Stefan Krappweis

structure of GL

- Decision making: mutual agreement in all relevant subjects: relevant subjects?: what the other side finds relevant- tandem principle: substitue/deputy from the other

state- „four eyes from two states principle“

- material costs: one half each- Conflicts? Stairs!


Stefan Krappweis

conflict stairs of joint planning

Joint government planning conference:

Factory-Outlet-Center, Eichstädt,

Restrictions against FOC

permanent secretaries:

shopping center

Borsig-Gelände Berlin-Tegel

objections Bbg; under condition agreed

Märkische Spitze“ in Berlin-Marzahn

objections Bbg; under condition tolerated

Möbelmarkt Walter in Vogelsdorf

objections Berlin; under condition agreed

multiplex-cinema Wildau objections Berlin;

rejected, due to the lack of targets realized


Stefan Krappweis

Publications

http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/index.php

http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/download/104-22-rpark_dt.pdf

http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/download/93-47-105-23-gplan_en.pdf

http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/download/93-10-gempladt.pdf

1 joint spatial planning department stefan krappweis

Documents

berlin status berlin

east germany

mio ew slide

berlin wall

size of berlin

germany way

wild east

eastgerman citizens