1. kidnapping 2. keeper - 3. knowingly › general › legal...english/hindi legal glossary...

English/Hindi Legal Glossary 122

---K----

1. KIDNAPPING - The taking or detaining of a person against his or her will and without lawful authority.

2. KEEPER - An officer that the court appoints to be responsible for money or property legally

seized in connection with a pending case. 3. KNOWINGLY - With knowledge, willfully or intentionally with respect to a material element of

an offense.


1) vigj.k % fdlh iq:"k@L=kh dks mldh bPNk ds fo:) xSj&dkuwuh vf/kdkj ls

mBkdj ys tkuk vkSj fgjklr esa j[kukA

2) j[kokyk % og vf/kdkjh ftldh fu;qfDr vnkyr }kjk fdlh yafcr eqdíes ds

laca/k esa dCts esa yh xbZ /kujkf'k vFkok laifÙk ds fy, mÙkjnk;h ds

:i esa dh tkrh gSA

tkucw> dj fdlh vijk/k ds laca/k esa HkkSfrd rRo ds ckjs esa tkudkjh]

LosPNk vkSj bjkns ds lkFk fd;k tkukA


-----L------

1. LACKING CAPACITY – Lacking qualification, competency, power or fitness. Being incapable of giving legal consent. Lack of fundamental ability to be accountable for actions.

2. LARCENY - Stealing or theft. 3. LAW - Combination of rules and principles of conduct made known by legislative authority,

derived from court decisions, and established by local custom. 4. LAW AND MOTION - A setting before a judge at which time a variety of motions, pleas,

sentencing, orders to show cause or procedural requests may be presented. Normally, evidence is not taken. Defendants must be present.

5. LAW CLERKS - Persons trained in the law who assist judges in researching legal opinions. 6. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENT - A sworn peace officer with legal authorization to arrest

individuals under suspicion of breaking the law. 7. LAWSUIT - An action between two or more persons in the courts of law, not a criminal matter. 8. LAY PERSON - One not trained in law. 9. LEADING QUESTION - A question which instructs the witness how to answer or puts words in

his mouth. Suggests to the witness the desired answer. 10. LEASE - An agreement for renting real property. Usually written and for a specific amount of

time. 11. LEGAL AID - Professional legal services available usually to persons or organizations unable to

afford such services. 12. LENIENCY - Recommendation for a sentence less than the maximum allowed. 13. LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE - A crime composed of some, but not all, of the elements of a

greater crime; commission of the greater crime automatically includes commission of the lesser included offense.

14. LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION - Legal document issued by a court that shows an

administrator's legal right to take control of assets in the deceased person's name. 15. LETTERS OF CONSERVATORSHIP - A court paper that states that the conservator is

authorized to act on the conservatee's behalf. Also called "Letters.” 16.LETTERS OF GUARDIANSHIP - The instrument by which a person is empowered to take

charge of the person and/or estate of minors and insane or incompetent persons, whenever necessary or convenient.

17. LETTERS ROGATORY - A formal communication, in writing, sent by a court in which an

action is pending to a court or judge of a foreign country, requesting that the testimony of a witness who lives within the jurisdiction of the foreign court may be taken under its direction and transmitted to the first court for use in the pending action.


18. LETTERS TESTAMENTARY - Legal document issued by a court that shows an executor's legal right to take control of assets in the deceased person's name.

19. LEVY - To obtain money by legal process through seizure and/or sale of property. 20. LEWD CONDUCT - Behavior that is obscene, lustful, indecent, vulgar. 21. LIABILITY - Legal debts and obligations. 22. LIABLE - Legally responsible. 23. LIBEL - False and malicious material that is written or published that harms a person's

reputation. See DEFAMATION. 24. LIE DETECTOR - A machine which records by a needle on a graph varying emotional

disturbances when answering questions truly or falsely, as indicated by fluctuations in blood pressure, respiration, or perspiration.

25. LIEN - The right to keep a debtor's property from being sold or transferred until the debtor pays

what he or she owes. 26. LIFE IMPRISONMENT - A type of sentence where the convicted criminal is ordered to spend

the rest of his or her life in prison. 27. LIMINE - A motion requesting that the court not allow certain evidence that might prejudice the

jury. 28. LIMINE MOTION - A pretrial motion requesting the court to prohibit opposing counsel from

referring to or offering evidence on matters. 29. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS – The time period imposed by law to bring an action in court.

(Example—statutes of limitation) 30. LIMITED ACTION - A civil action in which recovery of less than a certain amount (as specified

by statute) is sought. Simplified rules of procedure are used in such actions. 31. LIMITED JURISDICTION - Refers to courts that are limited in the types of criminal and civil

cases they may hear. For example, traffic violations generally are heard by limited jurisdiction courts.

32. LINEUP - A police identification procedure by which the suspect to a crime is exhibited, along

with others, before the victim or witness to determine if the victim or witness can identify the suspect as the person who committed the crime.

33. LIS PENDENS - A pending suit. 34. LITIGANT - A party, or side involved in a lawsuit. 35. LITIGATION - A case, controversy, or lawsuit. 36. LIVING TRUST - A trust set up and in effect during the lifetime of the person. Also called inter

vivos trust. 37. LOCALITY DISCRIMINATION – Those either giving undue preference to any locality or

subjecting it to undue prejudice.


38. LOCAL RULES - A set of rules you have to follow to start a court case. Every county and court has different local rules.

39. LOCUS DELICTI - The place of the offense. 40. LOITERING - To stand idly around, particularly in a public place. 41. LYNCHING - Putting a person to death, usually by hanging, without legal authority.


1) lkeF;Z dh deh % ;ksX;rk] dkcyh;r] 'kfDr ,oa LokLF; dh dehA dkuwuh lgefr nsus esa

vleFkZA vius dk;ks± ds izfr mÙkjnkf;Ro ds fy, izkFkfed lkeF;Z dh

dehA

2) ykjlSuh dkuwu % pqjkuk ;k pksjh djukA LFkkfud ijaijkvksa }kjk LFkkfir] QSlyksa ls

m/n`r vkSj fo/kk;h laLFkkvksa }kjk izpkfjr fu;eksa vkSj fl)karksa dk

lewgA

4) dkuwu ,oa izLrko % fdlh tt ds le{k og eap tgka vusd izdkj ds izLrko] vkosnu ltk

ds vkns'k] dkj.k crkvks vkns'k vFkok izfØ;k laca/kh vkosnu is'k fd,

tk ldrs gSaA vkerkSj ls xokgh ugha dh tkrh gSA cpkodÙkkZ dh

mifLFkfr vko';d gSA

5) yk&dydZl % dkuwu esa izf'kf{kr os yksx tks dkuwuh fopkjksa dh [kkst esa ttksa dh enn

djrs gSaA

6) dkuwu ykxw djus

okys ,tsaV

% os iDds 'kkafrfiz; vf/kdkjh ftUgsa yksxksa dks 'kkafr Hkax djus ds lansg esa

fxj¶rkj djus dk dkuwuh vf/kdkj izkIr gksrk gSA

7) yk&lwV % dkuwuh vnkyr esa nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ds chp pyh jgh

dk;Zokgh ftldk laca/k fdlh vijk/k ls u gksA

8) ys&ijlu % og O;fDr tks dkuwu esa izf'kf{kr u gksA

9) yhfMax iz'u % og iz'u tks xokg dks ;g funsZ'k ns fd mÙkj fdl izdkj nsuk gS ;k

mlds eqag esa 'kCn Hkjrk gSA xokg dks visf{kr mRrj lq>krk gSA

10)

iV~Vk % tehu tk;nkn fdjk, ij nsus dk bdjkjukekA ;g vDlj fyf[kr vkSj

fuf'pr vof/k ds fy, gksrk gSA

11)

dkuwuh lgk;rk % O;olkf;d dkuwuh lsok,a tks vkerkSj ij ,sls yksxksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dks

izkIr gksrh gSa tks ,slh lsokvksa dk [kpZ lgu ugha dj ldrsA

12)

ujekbZ % fu/kkZfjr vf/kdre ltk ls de ltk nsus ds fy, flQkfj'kA

14)

iz'kklu ds i=k % fdlh vnkyr }kjk tkjh fd;k x;k og nLrkost+ ftlls fdlh e`rd dh

laifÙk dks vius dCts esa ysus ds iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh ds dkuwuh


vf/kdkj dks n'kkZrk gSA

15)

ySPlZ vkQ

dUtosVjf'ki

% vnkyr dk og nLrkost tks ;g ckrkr gS fd j{kd dks jf{kr dh vksj

ls dk;Zokgh djus dk vf/kdkj gSA

16)

ySVlZ vkQ

xkbMZ;uf'ki

% og nLrkost ftlds vk/kkj ij dksbZ O;fDr fdlh O;fDr rFkk@vFkok

fdlh ckyd ,oa fdlh fof{kIr O;fDr ;k v{ke O;fDr;ksa dh tk;nkn

dks t:jr ds le; vkSj tc vko';d gks] vius fu;a=k.k esa ys ldrk

gSA

17)

ySVlZ jksxsVjh % fdlh vnkyr }kjk Hkstk x;k fyf[kr lans'k ftlesa fdlh fons'kh

vnkyr yafcr eqdíes ds laca/k esa ml vnkyr ds vf/kdkj {ks=k esa jgs

xokg dh xokgh dks igyh vnkyr esa Hkstus dh izkFkZuk fons'kh vnkyr

;k mlds tt dh gksrh gS rkfd igyh vnkyr esa bldk iz;ksx fd;k tk

ldsA

18)

ySVlZ VSLVkeSaVjh % fdlh vnkyr }kjk tkjh fd;k x;k dkuwuh nLrkost tks e`rd ds uke

laifÙk dks izca/kd }kjk vius fu;a=k.k esa ysus ds dkuwuh vf/kdkj dks

n'kkZrk gSA

19)

izknsf'kd HksnHkko % dkuwuh izfØ;k }kjk laifÙk dks dCts esa ysdj vkSj@vFkok cspdj /ku

izkIr djukA

20)

Y;wM daMDV % v'yhy] dke okluk iw.kZ vkSj vHknz O;ogkjA

21)

ykbfcfyVh % dkuwuh _.k vkSj ftEesnkfj;ka

22)

Ykbcy % dkuwuu mÙkjnk;hA

23)

fycYy % fyf[kr vFkok izdkf'kr >wBk vkSj }s"kiw.kZ elkSnk tks fdlh O;fDr dh

izfr"Bk dks gkfu igqapkrk gSA

24)

ykbZ fMVSDVj % ,d ,slh e'khu tks ,d lqbZ dh lgk;rk ls jDr pki] 'okl&fØ;k

;k ilhus esa lp ;k >wB cksy dj mÙkj nsus ij mrkj&p


xzkQ ij vafdr djrh gSA

25)

Yhvu % fdlh dtZnkj }kjk vius dtZ dk Hkqxrku u djus rd mldh laifÙk

ds fcdus ;k gLrka=k.k ij jksd yxkus dk vf/kdkj

26)

mez dSn % ,slh ltk ftlds vuqlkj fdlh ltk izkIr iq:"k@L=kh vijk/kh dks

viuk 'ks"k thou tsy esa dkVuk gksrk gSA

27)

Fyfeuh % ,slk izLrko ftlesa vnkyr ls izkFkZuk dh tkrh gS fd fdlh fo'ks"k

xokgh dh vkKk u nh tk, tks fu.kkZ;d e.My ds lnL;ksa esa iwokZxzg

dks tUe ns ldrh gSA

28)

fyeuh eks'ku % eqdíes dh dk;Zokgh ls igys dk izLrko ftlesa vnkyr ls izkFkZuk dh

tkrh gS fd foi{kh odhy dks ekeys esa xokgh is'k djus ls jksdk

tk,A

29)

dk;Zokgh dh le;

lhek

% vnkyr esa dh tkus okyh fdlh dk;Zokgh ds fy, dkuwu }kjk

fuf'pr le; lhekA

30)

lhfer dk;Zokgh % ,d ,slh ukxfjd dk;Zokgh ftlesa ¼dkuwu }kjk fu/kkZfjr½ fuf'pr

jkf'k ls de jkf'k dh olwyh djuh gksA ,slh dk;Zokgh esa izfØ;k

laca/kh ljy fu;eksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

31)

lhfer vf/kdkj {ks=k % bldk vFkZ mu vnkyrksa ls gS tks vkijkf/kd ;k ukxfjd fdLe ds

eqdíeksa dh lquokbZ djrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;krk;kr ds fu;eksa ds

mYya?ku ds eqdís lhfer vf/kdkj {ks=k okyh vnkyrksa }kjk gh lqus

tkrs gSaA

32)

ykbZu&vi % iqfyl dh igpku izfØ;k ftlesa ,sls O;fDr ftl ij vijk/k djus

dk lansg gks] dks vU; O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk ihfM+r vFkok xokg ds

lkeus [kM+k fd;k tkrk gS rkfd ;g fuf'pr fd;k tk lds fd

ihfM+r ;k xokg mldks vijk/k djus okys ds :i esa igpku ldrs

gSaA

33)

fyl iSubSUl % dksbZ yafcr eqdíekA

34) fyfVxSaV % fdlh eqdíesa esa 'kkfey dksbZ O;fDr ;k i{kA


35)

fyVhxs'ku % dksbZ elyk] fookn ;k eqdíekA

36)

fyfoax VªLV % fdlh O;fDr }kjk vius thou esa LFkkfir vkSj dk;Z'khy VªLV

37)

izknsf'kd HksnHkko % fdlh {ks=k dks uktk;t+ izkFkfedrk nsuk ;k mldh uktk;t mis{kk

djukA

38)

yksdy :yl % fdlh eqdíes dks 'kq: djus ds fy, ftu fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk

iM+rk gS mudh J`a[kykA izR;sd dkaÅVh vkSj izR;sd vnkyr ds

fHké&fHké fu;e gSaA

39)

yksdy MhfdDVh % og LFkku tgka vijk/k gqvk gksA

40)

yks,Vfjax % b/kj&m/kj fuBYys [kM+s jguk] [kkldj lkoZtfud LFkku ij

41)

Fdafpax % dkuwuh vf/kdkj ds fcuk fdlh dh yVdk dj gR;k djukA


-----M-------

1. MAGISTRATE - Judicial officer with the power to issue arrest warrants. 2. MAKE OR DRAW – To cause to exist. To fashion or produce in legal form. To prepare a draft;

to compose and write out in due form, such as a deed, contract, complaint, answer, petition, etc. 3. MALFEASANCE - Performance of an act that should not have been done at all. 4. MALICE - Ill will, hatred, or hostility by one person toward another which may prompt the

intentional doing of a wrongful act without legal justification or excuse. 5. MALICE AFORETHOUGHT – Intending to kill another person or intending to do an act with

knowledge that it is dangerous to human life. 6. MALICIOUS MISCHIEF - Willful destruction of property, from actual ill will or resentment

toward its owner or possessor. 7. MALICIOUS PROSECUTION - An action with the intention of injuring the defendant and

without probable cause, and which terminates in favor of the person prosecuted. 8. MALICIOUSLY – To annoy, or injure another, or an intent to do a wrongful act, and may consist

in direct intention to injure, or in reckless disregard of another’s rights 9. MALPRACTICE - Violation of a professional duty to act with reasonable care and in good faith

without fraud or collusion. This term is usually applied to such conduct by doctors, lawyers, or accountants.

10. MANDAMUS - A writ issued by a court ordering a public official to perform an act. 11. MANDATE - A judicial command or order proceeding from a court or judicial officer, directing

the proper officer to enforce a judgment, sentence, or decree. 12. MANDATORY - Required, ordered. 13. MANSLAUGHTER, INVOLUNTARY - Unlawful killing of another, without malice, when the

death is caused by some other unlawful act not usually expected to result in great bodily harm. 14. MANSLAUGHTER, VOLUNTARY - Unlawful killing of another, without malice, when the act

is committed with a sudden extreme emotional impulse. 15. MARIJUANA – "Cannabis" is an annual herb having angular rough stem and deeply lobed

leaves. It is an illegal drug commonly used through smoke inhalation or ingestion, the use of which results in prolonged intoxication. Any person who cultivates, transports, or possesses marijuana, for personal use or sale, is guilty of a crime, unless they can assert a proper defense.

16. MARIJUANA, defense of compassionate use – The cultivation, transportation, or possession of

marijuana is lawful for compassionate use under certain circumstances, such as when its medical use is deemed appropriate by a physician and has been recommended by the physician orally or in writing, provided it is for the personal use of the patient and it is a reasonable amount.


17. MARSDEN MOTION – A minor who is represented by appointed counsel requests the Court to remove the attorney and appoint new counsel if the minor’s right to effective counsel would be substantially impaired by continuing with the original attorney.

18. MASSIAH MOTION - A motion to exclude fraudulently obtained confessions. 19. MASTER - An attorney who is appointed by the judges of a circuit court with the approval of the

Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, to conduct hearings and to make finding of facts, conclusions of law, and recommendations as to an appropriate order.

20. MATERIAL EVIDENCE - That quality of evidence which tends to influence the judge and/or

jury because of its logical connection with the issue. 21. MATERIAL WITNESS - In criminal trial, a witness whose testimony is crucial to either the

defense or prosecution. 22. MAYHEM - A malicious injury which disables or disfigures another. 23. MEDIATION - A process in which people that are having a dispute are helped by a neutral

person to communicate so they can reach a settlement acceptable to both. 24. MEMORANDUM OF COSTS - A certified, itemized statement of the amount of costs after

judgment. 25. MEMORIALIZED - To mark by observation in writing. 26. MENACE – A threat; the declaration or show of a disposition or determination to inflict an evil or

injury upon another. 27. MENS REA - The “guilty mind” necessary to establish criminal responsibility. 28. MENTAL HEALTH - The wellness of a person's state of mind. 29. MENTAL INCAPACITY – Where a person is found to be incapable of understanding and acting

with discretion in the ordinary affairs of life due to a loss of reasoning faculties. 30. MENTAL STATE – Capacity or condition of one’s mind in terms of ability to do or not to do a

certain act. 31. MERITS - A decision "on the merits" is one that reaches the right(s) of a party, as distinguished

from disposition of a case on a ground not reaching the right(s) raised in an action. 32. MINOR – A child under the age of 18 years. (See also JUVENILE). 33. MINUTE ORDER - Document prepared by the clerk recording the orders of the clerk. 34. MIRANDA RIGHTS - Requirement that police tell a person who is arrested or questioned their

constitutional rights before they question him or her: specifically, the right to remain silent; that any statement made may be used against him or her; the right to an attorney; and if the person cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed if he or she desires.

35. MIRANDA WARNING - See MIRANDA RIGHTS. 36. MISDEMEANOR - A crime that can be punished by up to one year in jail.


37. MISTAKE – Some unintentional act, omission, or error arising from ignorance, surprise, imposition, or misplaced confidence.

38. MISTRIAL - A trial that has been ended and declared void (of no legal effect) due to prejudicial

error in the proceedings or other extraordinary circumstances. 39. MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES - Facts which do not constitute a justification or excuse for

an offense but which may be considered as reasons for reducing the degree of blame. 40. MITIGATING FACTORS - Facts that do not constitute a justification or excuse for an offense

but which may be considered as reasons for reducing the degree of blame. 41. MITIGATION OF DAMAGES – Imposes on the injured party duty to minimize his damages

after injury has been inflicted. 42. MITTIMUS - The name of an order in writing, issuing from a court and directing the sheriff or

other officer to take a person to a prison, asylum, or reformatory, and directing the jailer or other appropriate official to receive and safely keep the person until his or her fate shall be determined by due course of law.

43. MODIFICATION - A spoken or written request that one side makes to ask the judge to make a

decision or an order on a specific point. 44. MOOT - A point or question related to a legal case that usually has no practical importance or

relevance to the case. A moot point is a point that can't be resolved by the judge, is not disputed by either side, or is resolved out of court.

45. MORAL TURPITUDE - Immorality. An element of crimes inherently bad, as opposed to crimes

bad merely because they are forbidden by statute. 46. MOTION - Oral or written request made by a party to an action before, during, or after a trial

asking the judge to issue a ruling or order in that party's favor. 47. MOTION DENIED - Ruling or order issued by the judge refusing the party's request. 48. MOTION GRANTED - Ruling or order issued by the judge approving the party's request. 49. MOTION IN LIMINE - A written motion which is usually made before or after the beginning of

a jury trial for a protective order against prejudicial questions and statements. 50. MOTION TO QUASH - A request to make something null or ineffective, such as to "quash a

subpoena." 51. MOTION TO SEVER - A request usually by defense, to have a separate trial as to either jointly

tried defendants or jointly charged counts. 52. MOTION TO SUPPRESS - A request to suppress as evidence at trial things or statements

obtained as a result of an allegedly illegal search and seizure (commonly referred to as 1538.5 PC motions.)

53. MUGSHOT - Pictures taken after a suspect is taken into custody (booked), usually used as an

official photograph by police officers. 54. MULTIPLICITY OF ACTIONS - Numerous and unnecessary attempts to litigate the same

issue.


55. MURDER - The unlawful killing of a human being with deliberate intent to kill. 56. MURGIA MOTION - A request made by defense counsel to dismiss based on a group of people

being systematically discriminated against.


1) eSftLVªSv % og U;kf;d vf/kdkjh ftls fxj¶rkjh ds fy, okjaV tkjh djus dk

vf/kdkj gksA

2) esd ;k Mªk % vfLrRo iznku djukA dkuwuh :i nsukA bdjkjukek] le>kSrk]

f'kdk;r] mÙkj] izkFkZuk vkfn dh mfpr :i esa jpuk vkSj mUgsa

fy[kuk] izk:i rS;k djukA

3) ESydhlSal % fdlh dkuwu dk rek'kk tks fcYdqy Hkh ugha fn[kk;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA

4) ESykbl % nqHkkZouk] bZ";kZ ;k fdlh ,d O;fDr }kjk fdlh nwljs O;fDr ds izfr

fgalk tks dkuwuh vkSfpR; ds fcuk dksbZ xyr dk;Z djus ds fy,

izsfjr djrh gSA

5) eSdkbl vdksj FkkSV % fdlh O;fDr dh gR;k djus dh bPNk djuk ;k tku&cw> dj ,slk

dke djuk tks ekuo thou ds fy, [krjukd gksA

6) eSdhf'k;l felFkhd % okLrfod nqHkkZouk ;k blds Lokeh ;k /kkjd ds izfr ukjkt+xh ds

dkj.k tku&cw> dj laifÙk dks u"V djukA

7) eSyhf'k;l izkSlhD;w'ku % cpkodÙkkZ dks gkfu igqapkus ds bjkns ls dh xbZ dk;Zokgh vkSj ftldk

dksbZ laHkkfor dkj.k u gks rFkk ftldk fu.kZ; cpkodÙkkZ ds i{k esa

gksrk gSA

8) eSyhf'k;lyh % nwljksa dks ijs'kku djuk ;k gkfu igqapkuk ;k dksbZ xyr dk;Zokgh

djus dk bjknk] ftlesa izR;{k :i ls nwljksa dks gkfu igqapkuk ;k

muds vf/kdkjksa dh ?kksj mis{kk djuk 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA

9) eSy izSfDVl % O;kolkf;d ftEesnkjh dks mfpr lko/kkuh] fo'oluh;


ykxw djus ds funsZ'k fn, tkrs gSaA

13)

eSuLykSVj] buokSySaVjh % fcuk nqHkkZouk ds fdlh nwljs dh xSj&dkuwuh gR;k] tcfd gR;k fdlh

,sls xSj dkuwuh rjhds ls gqbZ gks ftlesa vDlj xaHkhj 'kkjhfjd pksV

dh vk'kk ugha gksrhA

14)

eSuLykSVj] okSyVjh % fdlh dh xSj&dkuwuh gR;k tks fcuk fdlh nqHkkZouk ls vR;kf/kd

vpkud HkkoukRed vkosx ds dkj.k dh xbZ gksA

15)

ESjhtqvkuk % ÞdSukfolß ,d okf"kZd tM+h&cwVh gS ftldk ruk dksf.kd vkSj [kqjnjk

gksrk gS vkSj ftlds iÙks vR;kf/kd xksy gksrs gSaA ;g ,d xSj&dkuwuh

vkS"kf/k gS ftldk iz;ksx blds /kqa, dks vanj [khap dj fd;k tkrk gSA

blds iz;ksx ls dkQh nsj rd u'kk jgrk gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr tks

bldh [ksrh djrk gS] bldks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd ys tkrk

gS ;k vius ikl j[krk gSA vius O;fDrxr iz;ksx ds fy, ;k cspus

ds fy, og vijk/k dk nks"kh gksrk gS tc rd fd og mfpr cpko

is'k u dj ldsA

16)

eSjh tqvkuk ds iz;ksx

ds fy, lgkuqHkwfr iw.kZ

iz;ksx dk cpko

% dqN ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa eSjhtqvkuk dh [ksrh] bldks ,d LFkku ls nwljs

LFkku rd ys tkuk ;k vius ikl j[kuk dkuwuu gksrk gS tSls fdlh

MkDVj }kjk nokbZ ds rkSj ij bldk iz;ksx vko';d gS vkSj bl

laca/k esa MkDVj us ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr lykg nh gks c'krsZ ;g jksxh

ds O;fDrxr iz;ksx ds fy, vkSj mfpr ek=kk esa gksA

17)

ekjlMSu eks'ku % tc dksbZ vo;Ld] ftldk izfrfuf/kRo fdlh fu;qDr fd, x, odhy

}kjk fd;k tkrk gS] vnkyr ls vkosnu djs fd ml odhy dks

gVkdj u, odhy dh fu;qfDr dh tk,] ;fn iqjkus odhy ds jgrs

izHkkoh odhy izkIr djus ds mlds vf/kdkj dk guu gks jgk gksA

18)

elhgk eks'ku % /kks[ks ls fy, x, LohdkjksfDr ds c;ku dks [kkfjt djus ds fy,

izLrko

19)

EkLVj % vihyh; vnkyr ds eq[; tt dh eatwjh ls ljfdV vnkyr }kjk

fu;qDr fd;k x;k odhy tks lquokbZ dk lapkyu djus vkSj dkuwu

ds rF;ksa rFkk fu'd"kks± dk irk yxkus dk dke djrk gS vkSj mfpr


vkns'k ds fy, flQkfj'k djrk gSA

20)

eSVhjh;y ,ohMSal % izek.k dk og xq.k tks eqís ds lkFk tt vkSj vius rdZ laxr laca/k

ds dkj.k vFkok twjh dks izHkkfor djrk gSA

21)

eSVhjh;y foVuSl % vijk/k laca/kh eqdíes dh lquokbZ esa ftl xokg dh xokgh cpko i{k

vFkok vfHk;ksx i{k ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gksA

22)

EsgSe % nqHkkZoukiw.kZ gkfu tks nwljksa dks fod`r vkSj vleFkZ cukrh gSA

23)

ehMh;s'ku % ,slh izfØ;k ftlesa dksbZ rVLFk O;fDr >xM+s ls lacaf/kr yksxksa esa

ckrphr djkus esa lgk;rk djrk gS rkfd os nksuksa dks Lohdk;Z

le>kSrs dh vksj c


32)

ekbZuj % 18 o"kZ ls de mez dk cPpk

33)

ekbZU;wV vkMZj % fdlh DydZ }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k DydZ ds vkns'k dk nLrkost

34)

fejkUMk jkbZVl % og 'krZ ftlds vuqlkj fdlh iq:"k @ L=kh dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn

iwNrkN ls igys iqfyl dks mlds laoS/kkfud vf/kdkjksa dh tkudkjh

nsuh gksrh gS ftuesa fo'ks"k rkSj ls pqi jgus dk vf/kdkj] ;g crkuk

fd mlds }kjk fn;k x;k c;ku mlds fo:) iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk

gS] odhy dh lsok izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj] vkSj ;fn og O;fDr

odhy dk [kpZ lgu u dj ldrk gks rks mldh bPNkuqlkj ,d

odhy dh fu;qfDr dk vf/kdkj 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

35)

fejkUMk okjfuax % ns[kks fejkUMk jkbZVl

36)

felfMehuksj % ,slk vijk/k ftlds fy, 1 o"kZ dh tsy dh ltk nh tk ldrh gSA

37)

felVsd % fdlh v;ksX; O;fDr ij fo'okl] /kks[ks] vk'p;Z] vufHkKrk ls mRié

dksbZ xSj&bjknru xYrh] Hkwy ;k dk;Zokgh

38)

feLVªk;y % og eqdíek ftls dk;Zokgh esa iwokZxzg ds vk/kkj ij ;k fdUgha vU;

vlk/kkj.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k xSj&dkuwuh ¼ftldk dksbZ dkuwuh

izHkko u gks½ ?kksf"kr dj lekIr dj fn;k x;k gksA

39)

fefVxsfVax

ljdelVkalst+

% os rF; tks fdlh vijk/k ds fy, vkSfpR; ;k cgkuk ugha gksrs cfYd

tks nks"k dh ek=kk dks de djus ds dkj.k curs tk ldrs gSaA

40)

fefVxsfVax QSDVlZ % ns[kks fefVxsfVax ljdElVkalst+

41)

fefVxs'ku vkWQ

MSest+t

% gkfu igaqpkus ds ckn ihfM+r O;fDr dks gtkZus dh jkf'k dks de ls

de djus dk vkns'kA

42)

fefVel % fdlh vnkyr }kjk tkjh og fyf[kr vkns'k ftlesa izeq[k ftyk

vf/kdkjh ;k fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh dks funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS fd og


fdlh iq:"k @ L=kh dks tsy] ikxy[kkus vFkok lq/kkjx`g esa Hksts vkSj

tsyj fdlh vU; mfpr vf/kdkjh dks funsZ'k fn, tkrs gSa fd og ml

iq:"k @ L=kh dks rc rd ogka lqjf{kr j[ks tc rd dkuwuh dk;Zokgh

}kjk mlds HkkX; dk QSlyk u gks tk,A

43)

eSMhfQds'ku % fdlh ,d i{k }kjk ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr vkosnu ftlesa fdlh eqn~ns

ij tt dks QSlyk ;k vkns'k nsus ds fy, izkFkZuk dh tkrh gSA

44)

ewV % fdlh dkuwuh eqdíes ls lacaf/kr dksbZ eqík ;k iz'u ftldk vDlj

eqdís ds fy, dksbZ O;ogkfjd egRo ugha gksrkA vfuf'pr eqík ,d

,slk fo"k; gksrk gS ftldk QSlyk tt ds }kjk ugha fd;k tk ldrk

gS] nwljs i{k ds }kjk bl ij fookn ugha mBk;k tkrk vFkok bls

vnkyr esa mBk;k gh ugha x;kA

45)

ekSjy Vj;hP;wM % vuSfrdrk] LoHkkfod cqjs vijk/kksa dk rRo tks dkuwu }kjk izfrcaf/kr

vijk/kksa ls foijhr gksA

46)

eks'ku % fdlh eqdíes dh dk;Zokgh ls igys] nkSjku ;kckn esa fdlh i{k }kjk

vius gd esa QSlyk ;k vkns'k nsus ds fy, tt dks izkFkZuk

47)

eks'ku fMuhM % fdlh tt }kjk fn;k x;k fu.kZ; vFkok vkns'k ftlesa fdlh i{k dh

izkFkZuk vLohdkj dh xbZ gksA

48)

ekS'ku xzkaVsM % fdlh tt }kjk fn;k x;k fu.kZ; vFkok vkns'k ftlesa fdlh i{k dh

izkFkZuk Lohdkj dh xbZ gksA

49)

eks'ku bu fyfeuh % ,d ,slh fyf[kr ;kfpdk tks vDlj fu.kkZ;d eaMy }kjk eqdíes dh

dk;Zokgh izkjaHk gksus ls igys ;k ckn esa iwokZxzg iw.kZ lokyksa ;k

c;kuksa ls cpus ds fy, vkns'k tkjh djus ds fy, dh tkrh gSA

50)

ekS'ku Vw DoS'k % fdlh pht+ dks voS/k vkSj izHkkoghu cukus ds fy, ;kfpdk

51)

ekS'ku Vw lSoj % vkerkSj ij cpko i{k dh vksj ls dh tkus okyh ;kfpdk ftlesa

la;qDr cpko dÙkkZvksa ;k la;qDr vnkyrksa ls vyx lquokbZ dh

izkFkZuk dh tkrh gSA

52) eks'ku Vw lIizSl % rFkk dfFkr xSj&dkuwuh ryk'kh vkSj cjkenxh ds nkSjku yh xbZ


oLrqvksa vkSj c;kuksa dks eqdíes dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku xokgh ds rkSj

ij iz;ksx u djus nsus ds fy, ;kfpdkA

53)

ex'kkSV % fdlh lansg ;qDr O;fDr dks fgjklr esa ysus ds ckn [khaps x, fp=k

¼iqLrd ds :i esa½ tks vkerkSj ij iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ljdkjh

fp=kksa ds :i esa iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA

54)

eYVhIyhflVh vkWQ

,sD'kul

% ,d gh eqís ds ckjs esa vuko';d vkSj vla[; eqdíesckth dh

dksf'k'ksaA

55)

eMZj % tku ls ekj nsus ds bjkns ls dh xbZ fdlh izk.kh dh xSj&dkuwuh

bR;kA

56)

ejftvk eks'ku % yksxksa ds lewg ds izfr ;kstukc) rjhds ls fd, x, HksnHkko ds

vk/kkj ij cpko i{k ds odhy }kjk [kkfjt djus dh ;kfpdkA


------N-------

1. NECESSITY – Controlling force; irresistible compulsion; a power or impulse so great that it admits no choice of conduct.

2. NE EXEAT - A writ or court order which forbids the person to whom it is addressed to leave the

country, the state, or the jurisdiction of the court. 3. NEGLECT – Absence of care or attention in the doing or omission of a given act. 4. NEGLIGENCE - When someone fails to be as careful as the law requires to protect the rights and

property of others. 5. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS – A written and signed unconditional promise or order to pay

a specified sum of money on demand or at a definite time payable to the bearer. 6. NEXT FRIEND - One acting without formal appointment as guardian for the benefit of an infant,

a person of unsound mind not judicially declared incompetent, or other person under some disability.

7. NO BILL - This phrase, endorsed by a grand jury on the written indictment submitted for

approval, means that the evidence was found insufficient to indict. 8. NO-CONTEST CLAUSE - Language in a will that is meant to keep people from challenging the

will. It says that if a person challenges the will and loses, the person gives up anything he or she would have inherited.

9. NO-FAULT PROCEEDINGS - A civil case in which parties may resolve their dispute without a

formal finding of error or fault. 10. NOLLE PROSEQUI - Decision by a prosecutor not to go forward with charging a crime. It

translates, “I do not choose to prosecute.” Also loosely called nolle pros. 11. NOLO CONTENDRE - Same as pleading guilty, except that your plea cannot be used against

you in civil court. This can only be used in traffic or criminal court. From the Latin for "I do not wish to contend.”

12. NOMINAL PARTY - One who is joined as a party or defendant merely because the technical

rules of pleading require his presence in the record. 13. NON COMPOS MENTIS - Not of sound mind; insane. 14. NON-CAPITAL CASE - A criminal case in which the allowable penalty does not include death. 15. NON EST (INVENTUS) - A return of process when the sheriff could not find the person who is

to be served. Latin meaning "not to be found." 16. NON OBSTANTE VERDICTO (N.O.V.) - A verdict entered by the judge contrary to a jury's

verdict. 17. NONSUIT - The name of a judgment given against a plaintiff when he is unable to prove a case,


or when he refuses or neglects to proceed to trial and leaves the issue undetermined. 18. NOT GUILTY - The form of verdict in criminal cases where the jury acquits the defendant. 19. NOT GUILTY BY REASON OF INSANITY - The jury or the judge must determine that the

defendant, because of mental disease or defect, could not commit the offense. 20. NOTARY PUBLIC - A person authorized to certify a person's signature, administer oaths, certify

that documents are authentic, and take depositions. 21. NOTICE - Written information or warning. For example, a notice to the other side that you will

make a motion in court on a certain date. 22. NOTICE OF MOTION - A notice to the opposing party, that on a certain date a motion will be

made in court. 23. NOTICE TO PRODUCE - A notice in writing requiring the opposite party to produce a certain

described paper or document at the trial, or in the course of pre-trial discovery. 24. NUISANCE – That activity which arises from unreasonable, unwarranted or unlawful use by a

person of his own property, and producing such material annoyance resulting in damage. 25. NULL AND VOID - Having no force, legal power to bind, or validity. 26. NULLITY - A legal action that says a marriage never existed and the persons are still single.

(Compare DISSOLUTION.) 27. NUNC PRO TUNC - When a court order is issued on one date, but is effective as of a date that is

in the past. From the Latin for "now for then.” 28. NUNCUPATIVE WILL - An oral (unwritten) will.


1) ulSLVh % fu;a=kd 'kfDr] vizfrjks/; etcwjh] bruh izcy 'kfDr ;k Hkkouk tks

O;ogkj esa fdlh izdkj dh ilan dks Lohdkj u djsA

2) uh ,sXthV % vnkyr dk vkns'k ftlesa fdlh ,sls O;fDr ftlds f[kykQ og

vkns'k fn;k x;k gS] dks ns'k jkT; ;k ml vnkyr ds vf/kdkj {ks=k

ls ckgj tkus dh eukgh dh xbZ gksrh gSA

3) uSxySDV % fn, x, fdlh dk;Z dks djus esa dh xbZ Hkwy vFkok vlko/kkuhA

4) uSXyhtSal % nwljksa ds vf/kdkjksa vkSj laifÙk dh lqj{kk djus esa dkuwu }kjk

izR;kf'kr lko/kkuh cjrus esa vlQy jgukA

5) uSxksf'k;scy bLVªweSaV~l % ekaxus vFkok /kkjd dks fdlh fuf'pr le; ij fuf'pr /kujkf'k dk

fcuk 'krZ Hkqxrku djus ds fy, ,d fyf[kr vkSj gLrk{kfjr opu ;k

vkns'kA

6) uSDLV QSaM % fcuk fu;qfDr ds fdlh f'k'kq ds laj{kd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okyk dksbZ

O;fDr] vLoLFk fnekx okyk O;fDr ftls dkuwuh rkSj ij ukckfyx

?kksf"kr ugha fd;k x;k gks ;k fdlh vU; vleFkZrk ls xzflr dksbZ

O;fDrA

7) uks&fcy % fyf[kr vfHk;ksx&i=k dks iw.kZ fu.kkZ;d e.My }kjk eatwjh ds fy,

lkSairs gq, bl okD;ka'k ls lgefr dk vFkZ gS fd nks"kh Bgjkus ds

fy, nh xbZ xokgh i;kZIr ugha FkhA

8) uks dkaVSLV dykWt % olhgr ukes dh og Hkk"kk ftldk iz;kstu yksxksa }kjk bldks pqukSrh

nsus ls jksduk gSA blesa fy[kk gksrk gS fd ;fn olhgrukes dks pqukSrh

nsus okyk O;fDr gkj tkrk gS rks ml iq:"k @ L=kh dks fojklr esa

izkIr gksus okyh oLrqvksa ls gkFk /kksuk iM+rk gSA

9) uks QkYV izkslhfMaXl % ,d nhokuh eqdíek ftldk nksuksa i{k Hkwy ;k xyrh dk irk yxk,

fcuk le>kSrk dj ldrs gSaA

10)

ukSyh izkslhfDoV % fdlh vfHk;kstd }kjk eqdíes dks vkxs u pykus dk fu.kZ;

11) uksyksdksUVS.Mª % Lo;a dks nks"kh Lohdkj djus ds leku] ijUrq nhokuh vnkyr esa


vkidh LohdkjksfDr dks vkids fo:) iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

bldk iz;ksx dsoy ;krk;kr vFkok vijk/k laca/kh vnkyr esa fd;k

tk ldrk gSA

12)

uksehuy ikVhZ % dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ftldks i{k ;k cpkodÙkkZ ds :i esa dsoy bl fy,

'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd lquokbZ ds rduhdh fu;eksa ds vuqlkj

nLrkostksa esa mldh mifLFkfr vko';d gksrh gSA

13)

uku dkEiksl eSafVl % vLoLFk fnekx okyk O;fDr] ikxy O;fDr

14)

uku dSihVy dsl % ,slk vkijkf/kd eqdíek ftlesa Qkalh dh ltk dk izko/kku ugha gSA

15)

uku ,sl ¼bu oSaVl½ % tc dksbZ ftys dk izeq[k vf/kdkjh ml O;fDr dks u


tk,xhA

23)

uksfVl Vw izksM~;wl % foi{kh i{k dks fyf[kr uksfVl fd og mfYyf[kr nLrkost dks eqdíes

dh dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku vFkok dk;Zokgh ls igys rF;ksa dh [kkst ds

le; is'k djsA

24)

U;wlSal % fdlh O;fDr }kjk viuh laifÙk dk vuqfpr] voS/k vFkok xSj&dkuwuh

iz;ksx ls mRié xfrfo/kh vkSj mlls gksus okyh fo'ks"k ijs'kkuh ftlds

ifj.kke Lo:i gkfu igqapsA

25)

uy ,saM oks,M % ftlesa cka/kus dh dksbZ dkuwuh 'kfDr ;k vkSfpR; u gksA

26)

ufYyVh % og dkuwuh dk;Zokgh ftlds dFkukuqlkj fookg dHkh gqvk ghugha vkSj

nksuksa O;fDr vHkh Hkh ,dy gSaA

27)

ud izks Vad % tc fdlh vnkyr dk vkns'k mlds tkjh gksus dh frfFk ls igys

Hkwrdky dh fdlh frfFk ls izHkkoh gksA

28)

uudwisfVo % ,d ekSf[kd ¼vfyf[kr½ olhgrukekA


-----O------

1. OATH - When a witness promises to tell the truth in a legal proceeding. 2. BJECT - To protest to the court against an act or omission by the opposing party. 3. OBJECTION - A formal protest made by a party over testimony or evidence that the other side

tries to introduce in court. 4. BJECTION OVERRULED - A ruling by the court upholding the act or omission of the opposing

party. 5. OBJECTION SUSTAINED - A ruling by the court in favor of the party making the objection. 6. OBSCENITY – Conduct tending to corrupt the public morals by its indecency or lewdness. 7. OF COUNSEL - A phrase commonly applied to counsel employed to assist in the preparation or

management of the case, or its presentation on appeal, but who is not the principal attorney for the party.

8. OFFENDER - One who commits a crime, such as a felony, misdemeanor, or other punishable

unlawful act. 9. OFFENSE - An act that breaks the law. 10. OFFENSIVE WORDS – Language that offends; displeasing or annoying language. 11. OFFER OF PROOF - Presentation of evidence to the court (out of the hearing of the jury) for the

court's decision of whether the evidence is admissible. 12. ON A PERSON'S OWN RECOGNIZANCE - Release of a person from custody without the

payment of any BAIL or posting of BOND, upon the promise to return to court. 13. ONE-THIRD THE MIDTERM RULE - The rule that limits a person' sentence when they have

been convicted of multiple offenses. 14. OPENING ARGUMENT - The initial statement made by attorneys for each side, outlining the

facts each intends to establish during the trial. 15. OPENING STATEMENT - See OPENING ARGUMENT. 16. OPINION - A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court or of a majority of judges. A

dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority opinion because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the decision of the court but offers further comment. A PER CURIAM OPINION is an unsigned opinion “of the court.”

17. OPINION EVIDENCE - Witnesses are normally required to confine their testimony to

statements of fact and are not allowed to give their opinions in court. However, if a witness is qualified as an expert in a particular field, he or she may be allowed to state an opinion as an expert based on certain facts.


18. OPPOSITION - (1) act of opposing or resisting. (2) confronting another. 19. ORAL ARGUMENT - The part of the trial when lawyers summarize their position in court and

also answer the judge's questions. 20. ORAL COPULATION – the act of copulating the mouth of one person with the sexual organ or

anus of another person, however slight. Penetration of the mouth, sexual organ or anus is not required.

21. ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE - Court order that makes someone go to court to explain to the

judge why he or she did not follow the rules. 22. ORDER, COURT - (1) Decision of a judicial officer; (2) a directive of the court. 23. ORDINARY NEGLIGENCE – The failure to use that degree of care which the ordinary or

reasonably prudent person would have used under the circumstances and for which the negligent person is liable.

24. ORDINANCE - A regulation made by a local government to enforce, control, or limit certain

activities. 25. ORIGINAL JURISDICTION - The court in which a matter must first be filed. 26. OVERRULE - A judge's decision not to allow an objection. A decision by a higher court finding

that a lower court decision was wrong. 27. OVERRULED - See OVERRULE. 28. OVERT ACT - An open act showing the intent to commit a crime. 29. OWN RECOGNIZANCE - Release of a person from custody without the payment of any bail or

posting of bond.


1) vksFk % tc dksbZ xokg dkuwuh dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku lR; cksyus dk opu nsrk

gSA

2) vkCtSDV % foi{kh O;fDr dh fdlh dk;Zokgh ;k Hkwy dk vnkyr esa fojks/k

djukA

3) vkCtSD'ku % fdlh O;fDr }kjk fdlh ,slh xokgh ;k izek.k dk vkSipkfjd fojks/k

ftls foi{kh O;fDr }kjk vnkyr esa izLrqr djus dk iz;Ru fd;ktk

jgk gksA

4) vkCtSD'ku vksoj&

:YM

% foi{kh O;fDr dh dk;Zokgh vFkok Hkwy dks ekU;rk nsus dk vnkyr

dk fu.kZ;

5) vkCtSD'ku lLVsaM % fojks/k djus okys O;fDr ds i{k esa vnkyr dk fu.kZ;A

6) vkClhfuVh % ,slk O;ogkj tks viuh v'yhyrk vkSj vHkznrk ds }kjk lkoZtfud

uSfrdrk dks Hkz"V djus dk iz;Ru djrk gksA

7) vkQ dkSaly % ,d ,sls odhy ds fy, iz;ksx fd, tkus okyk okD;ka'k ftldh

fu;qfDr eqdíes dh rS;kjh vkSj mlds izcU/k ds fy, ;k vihy ds

fy, izLrqr djus ds fy, dh tkrh gS ijUrq og ml O;fDr dk eq[;

odhy ugha gksrk gSA

8) vkSQSaMj % og O;fDr tks O;fHkpkj vFkok nq"deZ tSls vijk/k djrk gS tks

dkuwu ds vuqlkj n.Muh; gSA

9) vkSQSal % dkuwu rksM+us okyh dksbZ dk;Zokgh

10)

vkSQSaflo oMZl % f[k>kus okyh Hkk"kk] ukjkt+ ;k ijs'kku djus okyh Hkk"kk

11)

vkQj vkQ izwQ % vnkyr esa izek.kksa dk izLrqfrdj.k djuk rkfd izek.kksa dh Lohdk;Zrk

ds ckjs esa vnkyr dk fu.kZ; tkuk tk ldsA

12)

vku , ijlul vksu

fjdksxuhtSal

% fdlh O;fDr dks bl opu ij fcuk tekur fn, ;k fcuk ckaM Hkjs

fgjklr ls eqDr djuk fd og Lo;a gh vnkyr esa iqu% is'k gks

tk,xkA

13) ou FkMZ nk feM & VeZ % og fu;e tks fdlh O;fDr dks vusd vijk/kksa ds fy, nh xbZ ltk


:y dks lhfer djrk gSA

14)

vksifuax vkxwZeSaV % izR;sd i{k ds odhy }kjk fn;k x;k izkjafHkd oDrO; ftlesa eqdíes

dh dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku izR;sd i{k }kjk fl) fd;s tkus okys rF;ksa

dh :i js[kk nh tkrh gSA

15)

vksifuax LVsVeSaV % ns[kks ^vksifuax vkxwZeSaV*

16)

vksihfu;u % fdlh tt }kjk vnkyr vFkok ttksa ds cgqer ds fu.kZ; dk fyf[kr

:i esa Li"Vhdj.kA fojks/kh fu.kZ; ml dkuwu dh rdZ&;ksX;rk rFkk @

vFkok fl)karksa ds dkj.k] ftl ij fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gS cgqer ds

fu.kZ; ls vlgefr izdV djrk gSA erSD; dk fu.kZ; vnkyr ds

fu.kZ; ;s lgefr izdV djus ds vfrfjDr fVIi.kh Hkh djrk gSA

17)

vksihfu;u ,sohMSal % xokgksa dks viuh xokgh rF;ksa laca/kh c;kuksa rd lhfer j[kuh gksrh

gS vkSj vnkyr esa mUgsa vius fopkj izdV djus dh vuqefr ugha nh

tkrh gSA ijUrq ;fn dksbZ xokg fdlh fo'ks"k esa dksbZ ekfgj gks rks

ml iq:"k @ L=kh dks dqN fo'ks"k rF;ksa ds ckjs esa ekfgj gksus ds rkSj

ij vius fopkj izdV djus dh vuqefr nh tk ldrh gSA

18)

viksth'ku % ¼1½ fojks/k ;k izfrjks/k djus dh dk;Zokgh ¼2½ fdlh nwljs dk lkeuk

djukA

19)

vksjy vkxwZeSaV % vnkyrh dk;Zokgh dk og Hkkx tc odhy vnkyr esa eqdíes dk

lkj crykrs gSa vkSj tt ds iz'uksa dk mÙkj nsrs gSaA

20)

vksjy dksiwys'ku % fdlh O;fDr ds eqag ;k xqnk esa fdlh Hkh xgjkbZ rd iq:"k dk fyax

Mky dj laHkksx djus dh fØ;kA eq[k&Nsnu] fyax vFkok xqnk Nsnu

dh vko';drk ugha gSA

21)

vkMZj Vw 'kks dkt+ % vnkyr }kjk fdlh O;fDr dks tkjh vkns'k fd og vnkyr tkdj

tt dks Li"Vhdj.k ns fd mlus iq:"k @ L=kh us fu;eksa dk ikyu

D;ksa ugha fd;kA

22)

vkMZj] dksVZ % ¼1½ fdlh U;kf;d vf/kdkjh dk vkns'k] ¼2½ fdlh vnkyr dk funsZ'k


23)

vkfMZujh uSXyhtSal % lko/kkuh dh ml ek=kk dk iz;ksx djus esa vlQy jguk ftldk

iz;ksx mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fdlh lk/kkj.k le> okys O;fDr }kjk fd;k

tkrk rFkk ftlds fy, og ykijokg O;fDr mÙkjnk;h gSA

24)

vkMhZuSal % dqN fo'ks"k xfrfof/k;ksa dks fu;af=r djus] ykxw djus vFkok lhfer

djus ds fy, fdlh LFkkfud ljdkj }kjk cuk;k x;k fu;eA

25)

vkSjhftuy

twfjlfMd'ku

% ,slh vnkyr tgka fdlh eqdíes dks 'kq: esa nk;j djuk t:jh gSA

26)

vksoZ:y % fdlh tt }kjk fdlh ,srjkt dks Lohdkj djus ls badkj djukA

fdlh Åijh vnkyr dk fu.kZ; ftlesa fupyh vnkyr ds QSlys dks

xyr Bgjk;k x;k gksA

27)

vksoZ:YM % ns[kks ^vkso:Zy*

28)

vksoVZ ,sDV % ,d Li"V dk;Z ftlesa vijk/k djus ds bjkns dk irk pyrk gksA

29)

vksu fjdksxuhtSal % fcuk tekur fn, ;k fcuk ckaM Hkjs fdlh O;fDr dh fgjklr ls

fjgkbZ


-----P------

1. PANDERING – Pimping. Arranging for acts of prostitution. 2. PARALEGAL - A person with legal skills, but who is not an attorney, and who works under the

supervision of a lawyer or who is otherwise authorized by law to use those legal skills. 3. PARDON - When the chief executive of a state or country releases a convicted person from the

punishment given him or her by a court sentence. 4. PARENS PATRIAE - The power of the state to act in the parents' place to protect a child or his

or her property. 5. PAROLE - Supervised release of a prisoner that allows the person to serve the rest of the sentence

out of prison if all conditions of release are met. 6. PAROLE EVIDENCE - Oral or verbal evidence rather than written. The Parole Evidence Rule

limits the admissibility of parole evidence which would directly contradict the clear meaning of terms of a written contract.

7. PARTY - One of the sides of a case. The person who started the case is called the plaintiff or

defendant. The person being sued is called the defendant or respondent. 8. PAT DOWN SEARCH – A limited search of the outer clothing of a person in an attempt to

discover weapons which might be used to assault the officer and may be conducted if the officer has a reasonable belief that the detained person is armed and dangerous.

9. PATENT - A government grant giving an inventor the exclusive right to make or sell his or her

invention for a term of years. 10. PATERNITY - Who the birth (biological) parents of a child are. 11. PEACE OFFICER – Includes sheriffs and their deputies, members of the police force of cities,

and other officers whose duty is to enforce and preserve the public peace. 12. PENALTY - Punishment for breaking a law. 13. PENALTY ASSESSMENT - An amount of money added to a fine. 14. PENALTY OF PERJURY – Circumstances under which a person takes an oath that he will

testify, declare, depose or certify truthfully. 15. PENDING - The status of a case that is not yet resolved by the court. 16. PENETRATION, UNLAWFUL – Unlawful insertion of the male part into the female parts,

however slight an extent. 17. PENITENTIARY - A prison or place of confinement where convicted felons are sent to serve out

the term of their sentence. 18. PEOPLE (PROSECUTION) - A state, for example, the People of the State of California.


19. PER CURIUM OPINION - An unsigned OPINION of the court. 20. PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE - The right to challenge a juror without assigning a reason for

the challenge. 21. PERJURY - A false statement made on purpose while under oath in a court proceeding. 22. PERMANENCY HEARING – The hearing for children placed in or awaiting placement in foster

care who were under age three at the time of detention, and for all children, to monitor the welfare of the child, evaluate the parents’ reunification efforts and establish a permanent plan for the child.

23. PERMANENT INJUNCTION - A court order requiring that some action be taken, or that some

party refrain from taking action. It differs from forms of temporary relief, such as a TEMPORARY RESTRIANING ORDER or PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION.

24. PERMANENT PLANNED LIVING ARRANGEMENT (PPLA) – One of the permanent plans

that may be ordered for a child who is not returned to parental custody (formerly long term foster care).

25. PERMANENT RESIDENT - One who lives in a location for a period of time and indicates that

it is their official address or residence. 26. PERSON IN NEED OF SUPERVISION - Juvenile found to have committed a status offense

rather than a crime that would provide a basis for a finding of delinquency. Typical status offenses are habitual truancy, violating a curfew, or running away from home. These are not crimes, but they might be enough to place a child under supervision. In different states, status offenders might be called children in need of supervision or minors in need of supervision. (See STATUS OFFENDERS.)

27. PERSONAL PROPERTY - Things that you own and can move, like furniture, equipment, or

paintings. 28. PERSONAL RECOGNIZANCE - Pre-trial release based on the person's own promise that he or

she will show up for trial (no bond required). Also referred to as release on own recognizance or ROR. (See ON A PERSON'S OWN RECOGNIZANCE.)

29. PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE - A person picked by the court to collect, manage and

distribute a person's property (estate) when they die. If named in a will, that person's title is an EXECUTOR. If there is no valid will, that person's title is an ADMINISTRATOR.

30. PETIT JURY or (TRIAL JURY) - A group of citizens that listen to the evidence presented by

both sides at trial and figure out the facts in dispute. Criminal juries are made up of 12 people; civil juries are made up of at least 6 people.

31. PETITION - A court paper that asks the court to take action. For example, in juvenile cases, the

Petition starts the court case. (Compare MOTION.) 32. PETITIONER - A person who presents a petition to the court. 33. PETTY OFFENSE - An offense for which the authorized penalty does not exceed imprisonment

for 3 months or a fine of $500. 34. PETTY THEFT - The act of taking and carrying away the personal property of another of a value

usually below $100.00 with the intent to deprive the owner of it permanently.


35. PIMP - (1) the act of getting customers for a whore or prostitute; (2) one who gets customers for a whore or prostitute.

36. PITCHESS MOTION - A request made by the defendant for discovery of a peace officer’s

personnel file with regards to any complaints or acts of excessive force and violence. 37. PLAINTIFF - The person or company that files a lawsuit. 38. PLEA - In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to

the charges. (See also NOLO CONTENDRE). 39. PLEA BARGAIN - An agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant. It lets the defendant

plead guilty to a less serious charge, if the court approves. 40. PLEAD - To admit or deny committing a crime. 41. PLEADING - Written statements filed with the court that describes a party's legal or factual

claims about the case and what the party wants from the court. 42. POLLING THE JURY - A practice in which jurors are asked individually whether they agree

with the final verdict in the case they just decided. 43. POLYGRAPH - Lie detector test and the apparatus for conducting the test. 44. POSSESSION OF DRUGS – The presence of drugs on the accused for recreational use or for the

purpose to sell. 45. POST CONVICTION – A procedure by which a convicted defendant challenges the conviction

and/or sentence on the basis of some alleged violation or error. 46. POSTPONEMENT – To put off or delay a court hearing. 47. POUR-OVER WILL – A will that leaves some or all estate property to a trust established before

the will-maker’s death. 48. POWER OF ATTORNEY – Formal authorization of a person to act in the interest of another

person. 49. PRAYER- A request of the court to grant the process, aid, or relief which the complainant desires;

also, that portion of a document containing such request. 50. PRECEDENT –A court decision in an earlier case that the court uses to decide similar or new

cases. 51. PREINJUNCTION – Court order requiring action or forbidding action until a decision can be

made whether to issue a permanent injunction. It differs from a TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER.

52. PREJUDICE – When an act or decision affects a person's rights in a negative way. 53. PREJUDICIAL ERROR – Synonymous with reversible error ; an error which authorizes the

appellate court to reverse the judgment before it. 54. PREJUDICIAL EVIDENCE – Evidence which might unfairly sway the judge or jury to one side

or the other.


55. PRELIMINARY HEARING – The hearing available to a person charged with a felony to determine if there is enough evidence (probable cause) to hold him for trial.

56. PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION – In civil cases when it is necessary to preserve the status quo

prior to trial, the court may issue this or a temporary restraining order ordering a party to carry out a specified activity.

57. PREMEDITATION –The planning of a crime before the crime takes place, rather than

committing the crime on the spur of the moment. 58. PREMISES – That which is put before; that which precedes; the foregoing statements. 59. PREPERMANENCY HEARING – The hearing conducted according to Welfare and Institutions

Code Section 366.21(e) for foster care placement children who were over age three at the time of detention, to monitor the welfare of the child and evaluate the parents’ reunification efforts.

60. PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE – To win a civil case, the plaintiff has to prove that

most of the evidence is on his or her side. 61. PRESENTENCE REPORT – A report prepared by the probation department for the judge when

sentencing a defendant. Describes defendant's background: financial, job, and family status; community ties; criminal history; and facts of the current offense.

62. PRESENTMENT – Declaration or document issued by a grand jury that either makes a neutral

report or notes misdeeds by officials charged with specified public duties. It ordinarily does not include a formal charge of crime. A presentment differs from an INDICTMENT.

63. PRESUMED FATHER – A man who is married to the mother of the child, who has signed a

declaration of paternity, or has received the child into his home and held the child out to the community as his child, whether that man is the biological father of the child, or not.

64. PRESUMPTION – An inference of the truth or falsity of a proposition or fact, that stands until

rebutted by evidence to the contrary. 65. PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE – A hallowed principle of criminal law that a person is

innocent of a crime until proven guilty. The government has the burden of proving every element of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt and the defendant has no burden to prove his innocence.

66. PRESUMPTION OF LAW – a rule of law that courts and judges shall draw a particular

inference from a particular fact, or from particular evidence. 67. PRETERMITTED CHILD - A child born after a will was written, who is not provided for by

the will. Most states have laws that provide for a share of estate property to go to such children. 68. PRETRIAL CONFERENCE - Any time both sides of the case go to court before trial. In

criminal cases, it's usually when the defendant and prosecutor talk about settling the case. 69. PRIMA FACIE CASE - A case that is sufficient and has the minimum amount of evidence

necessary to allow it to continue in the judicial process. From the Latin for "from first view." 70. PRINCIPAL – The source of authority or right. 71. PRINCIPALS – Persons who are involved in committing or attempting to commit a crime.

Includes those who directly and actively commit or attempt to commit the crime, or those who assist (aid and abet) in the commission or attempted commission of the crime.


72. PRINCIPLE TERM - Greatest term of imprisonment imposed by the court on any one count, imposed of base term plus any enhancements, to which subordinate terms are added.

73. PRIORS - Term meaning previous conviction(s) of the accused. 74. PRIOR CONVICTION - As used in Superior Court pleadings, an allegation that defendant has

previously been imprisoned. 75. PRIOR INCONSISTENT STATEMENT – In evidence, these are prior statements made by the

witness which contradict statements the witness made on the witness stand. 76. PRISON – A federal or state public building or other place for the confinement of persons. It is

used as either a punishment imposed by the law or otherwise in the course of the administration of justice. Also known as penitentiary, penal institution, adult correctional institution, or jail.

77. PRIVACY, RIGHT OF – The right to be left alone; the right of a person to be free from

unwarranted publicity. 78. PRIVILEGE - An advantage not enjoyed by all; a special exemption from prosecution or other

lawsuits. (See also IMMUNITY.) 79. PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS - Confidential communications to certain persons that are

protected by law against any disclosure, including forced disclosure in legal proceedings. Communications between lawyer and client, physician and patient, psychotherapist and patient, priest, minister, or rabbi and penitent are typically privileged.

80. PRIVITY - Mutual or successive relationships to the same right of property, or the same interest

of one person with another which represents the same legal right. 81. PROBABLE CAUSE - A good reason to believe that a crime has or is being committed; the basis

for all lawful searches, seizures, and arrests. 82. PROBATE - The judicial process to determine if a will of a dead person is genuine or not; lawful

distribution of a decedent's estate. 83. PROBATE COURT - The court with authority to deal with the estates of people who have died. 84. PROBATE ESTATE - All the assets in an estate that are subject to probate. This does not

include all property. For example, property in joint tenancy are not part of the probate estate. 85. PROBATION - A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases a convicted

defendant under supervision of a probation officer that makes certain that the defendant follows certain rules, for example, gets a job, gets drug counseling.

86. PROBATION BEFORE JUDGMENT (PBJ) - A conditional avoidance of imposing a sentence

after conviction. 87. PROBATION DEPARTMENT - The department that oversees the actions of those who are on

probation as well as the location of where probation officers work. 88. PROBATION OFFICER - One who supervises a person placed on probation and is required to

report the progress and to surrender them if they violate the terms and conditions of the probation. 89. PRO BONO - Legal work done for free. From the Latin meaning "for the public good."


90. PROCEDURAL LAW - The method, established normally by rules to be followed in a case; the

formal steps in a judicial proceeding. 91. PRODUCTS LIABILITY – Refers to the legal liability of manufacturers and sellers to

compensate buyers, users and even bystanders for damages or injuries suffered because of defects in goods purchased.

92. PROFFER - An offer of proof as to what the evidence would be if a witness were called to testify

or answer a question. 93. PRO HAC VICE - for this one particular occasion. For example, an out-of-state lawyer may be

admitted to practice in a local jurisdiction for a particular case only. From the Latin meaning "for this turn."

94. PROHIBITION - Act or law that forbids something. 95. PROMISSORY NOTE - A written document that says a person promises to pay money to

another. 96. PROOF - Any fact or evidence that leads to a judgment of the court. 97. PROOF OF SERVICE - A form filed with the court that proves that court papers were properly

delivered to someone. 98. PRO PER - Person who presents their own cases in court without lawyers (See also IN PROPIA

PERSONA and PRO SE.) 99. PROPERTY – Something tangible or intangible that someone holds legal title.

100. PRO SE - Person who presents their own cases in court without lawyers (See also PRO PER and PRO SE.)

101. PROSECUTING ATTORNEY - A public office who prosecutes criminal cases for the state.

See PROSECUTOR and DISTRICT ATTORNEY. 102. PROSECUTION - The party that starts a criminal case and files criminal charges. The

prosecution is the lawyer for the state. A common name for the state's side of the case. 103. PROSECUTOR - A trial lawyer representing the government in a criminal case and the interests

of the state in civil matters. In criminal cases, the prosecutor has the responsibility of deciding who and when to file charges.

104 PROSTITUTION - The performance or agreement to perform a sexual act for hire. 105. PROTECTIVE ORDER - A court order to protect a person from further harassment, service of

process, or discovery. 106. PRO TEM - A temporary assigned official with authority to hear and decide cases in a court. 107. PROXIMATE CAUSE - The act that caused an event to occur. 108. PUBLIC DEFENDER - A lawyer picked by the court to represent a defendant who cannot

afford a lawyer.


109. PUNITIVE DAMAGES - Money awarded to an injured person, over and above the measurable value of the injury, in order to punish the person who hurt him.

110. PURGE - To clean or clear, such as eliminating inactive records from court files; with respect to

civil contempt, to clear the noncompliance that caused the contempt finding.


1) iSaMfjax % nykyh djuk] oS';o`fÙk laca/kh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, izca/k djukA

2) iSjkyhxy % dkuwuh fuiq.krk okyk O;fDr] ijUrq tks odhy u gks vkSj tks fdlh

odhy dh ns[kjs[k esa dke djrk gks ;k ftls fdlh vU; rjhds ls

viuh dkuwuh fuiq.krk dk iz;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gksA

3) ikjMu % fdlh iq:"k @ L=kh dks dkuwu }kjk nh xbZ ltk dks fdlh jkT; ;k

ns'k ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh }kjk ekQ dj nsukA

4) isjsal iSfVª;s % fdlh ckyd @ ckfydk ds ekrk&firk ds LFkku ij jkT; }kjk mldh

laifÙk dks lqjf{kr j[kus dk vf/kdkjA

5) iSjksy % fdlh dSnh dh ij[k v/khu fjgkbZ ftlds vuqlkj og ckdh dh ltk

tsy ls ckgj jgdj dkV ldrk gS ;fn og fjgkbZ dh lHkh 'krks± dks

iwjk djsA

6) iSjksy ,sohMSal % fyf[kr xokgh dh ctk, ekSf[kd vFkok cksy dj nh xbZ xokghA

iSjksy ,sohMSal laca/kh fu;e ,sls ekeyksa eas iSjksy ,sohMSal dh

Lohdk;Zrk dks lhfer djrs gSa tgka ,slh xokgh fdlh fyf[kr le>kSrs

dh 'krks± dk Li"V mYya?kuk djrh gksA

7) ikVhZ % fdlh eqdíes ds i{kksa esa ls dksbZ ,d i{kA eqdíek 'kq: djus okys

O;fDr dks oknh ;k f'kdk;rdÙkkZ dgk tkrk gSA ftl O;fDr ds

fo:) eqdíek fd;k tkrk gS mls cpkodÙkkZ ;k izfroknh dgk tkrk

gSA

8) iSV MkÅu lpZ % mu gfFk;kjksa dh cjkenxh ds fy, ckgjh oL=kksa dh lhfer ryk'kh

ftudk iz;ksx vf/kdkjh ij vpkud geyk djus ds fy, fd;k tk

ldrk gSA ,slh ryk'kh rc dh tk ldrh gS tc vf/kdkjh dks mfpr

fo'okl gks fd fgjklr eas fy;k x;k O;fDr gfFk;kj fy, gq, vkSj

[krjukd gSA

9) isVsaV % fdlh iq:"k @ L=kh vkfo"dkjd dks vius vkfo"dkj dk dqN o"kks±

dh vof/k ds fy, fuekZ.k vFkok foØ; djus dk ljdkj }kjk fn;k

x;k ,dkf/kdkjA


10)

iSVjfuVh % tks cPps ds ¼thou laca/kh½ tUe ls ekrk&firk gksaA

11)

ihl vkQhlj % blesa ftyksa ds izeq[k vf/kdkjh] muds lgk;d] 'kgjh iqfyl cy ds

lnL; vkSj vU; vf/kdkjh] ftudk dke lkoZtfud 'kkafr ykxw djuk

vkSj cuk, j[kuk gS] 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

12)

iSufyVh % fdlh dkuwu dks rksM+us dh lt+kA

13)

iSuYVh vlSlesaV % tqekZus ds lkFk tksM+h xbZ /kujkf'kA

14)

iSuYVh vkQ ijtjh % os ifjfLFkfr;ka ftuesa dksbZ O;fDr ;g 'kiFk ysrk gS fd og

lR;rkiwoZd c;ku o xokgh nsxk vkSj izekf.kr djsxkA

15)

iSafMax % ml eqdíes dh fLFkfr ftldk vHkh vnkyr }kjk fu.kZ; ugha fd;k

x;k gSA

16)

iSuhVªs'ku] vu&yk&

Qqy

% iq:"k ds fyax dk L=kh ds vaxksa esa xSj&dkuwuh


fy, mUgsa vius ekrk&firk ls iqu% feykus ds fy, iz;Ruksa ds fy,

rFkk cPpksa ds fy, LFkk;h ;kstuk ds fy, dh xbZ lquokbZA

23)

ijekuSaV butaD'ku % vnkyr dk og vkns'k ftlesa dksbZ dk;Zokgh djus dk funsZ'k gksrk gS

;k fdlh i{k dks dksbZ dk;Zokgh djus ls jksdk tkrk gSA bldk izk:i

vLFkk;h jkgr ls fHké gS] tSls fd VSaizsjh jSLVªsfuax vkMZj ;k

fizfyehujh bUtaD'kuA

24)

ijekuSaV IySUM fyfoax

vjsateSaV

% fdlh ,sls cPps ds fy, ftls vius ekrk&firk dk laj{k.k izkIr ugha

gqvk gS] ds fy, fdlh LFkk;h ;kstuk] ftldk vkns'k fn;k tkuk gSA

25)

ijekuSaV jsthMSaV % og O;fDr tks fdlh LFkku ij dqN vof/k rd jgrk gS vkSj bafxr

djrk gS fd ;gha mldk ljdkjh irk vkSj fuokl LFkku gSA

26)

ijlu bu uhM vkWQ

lqijoht+u

% 18 o"kZ ls de mez dk cPpk ftlus vijk/k dh vis{kk LoHkkfod

nks"k fd;k gks] mlds fo:) lkekftd nqjO;ogkj dk nks"k lkfcr

djus dk vk/kkj curk gSA bl oxZ ds nks"k gSa] vknru dÙkZO;&R;kx]

dfdZ;w dk mYya?ku ;k ?kj ls Hkkx tkukA ;s vijk/k ugha gSa ijUrq

fdlh cPps dks ns[kjs[k v/khu j[kus ds fy, i;kZIr gSA

27)

ilZuy izksiVhZ % os oLrq,a ftu ij vkidk LokfeRo gS vkSj tks ,d LFkku ls nwljs

LFkku ij ys tkbZ tk ldrh gSa] tSls QuhZpj] lkt&lkeku ;k isafVaXl

vkfnA

28)

ijlZuy jSdksxuh tSal % fdlh iq:"k@L=kh }kjk fn, x, bl opu f dog eqdíes dh

dk;Zokgh esa Lo;a mifLFkr gks tk,xk] ds vk/kkj ij dk;Zokgh ls

igys mldh fjgkbZ ¼ftlds fy, fdlh ckaM dh t:jr ugha gksrh½

29)

ilZuy fjizt+SaVsfVo % fdlh O;fDr dh e`R;q ds le; mldh laifÙk dks ,d=k djus mldk

izca/k vkSj forj.k djus ds fy, vnkyr ds }kjk pquk x;k dksbZ

O;fDrA ;fn olhgr ukes esa mldk uke fy[kk gks rks mls izca/kd

dgk tk,xkA ;fn dksbZ oS/k olhgrukek ugha gS rks mldks iz'kkld

dgk tk,xkA

30) iSfVV twjh ;k Vªk;y % ukxfjdksa dk og lewg tks eqdíes dh dk;Zokgh ds le; nksuksa i{kksa


twjh ds }kjk is'k fd, x, xokgksa dks lqurs gSa vkSj >jksM+ ds rF;ksa dk

vuqeku yxkrs gSaA vijk/k laca/kh fu.kkZ;d e.My ds 12 lnL; gksrs

gSaA nhokuh eqdíeksa ls lacaf/kr fu.kkZ;d e.My ds de ls de 6

lnL; gksrs gSaA

31)

iSVh'ku % vnkyrh nLrkost ftlesa vnkyr dks dk;Zokgh djus dk vkosnu

fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] 18 o"kZ ls de mez ds cPpksa ds

eqdíes ;kfpdk ls 'kq: gksrs gSaA

32)

iSVh'kuj % og O;fDr tks vnkyr esa ;kfpdk nk;j djrk gSA

33)

iSV~Vh vkSQSal % ,slk nks"k ftlds fy, vf/kd`r 3 o"kZ ls vf/kd dSn ;k 500 Mkyj

tqekZus ls vf/kd ltk ugha nh tk ldrhA

34)

iSV~Vh FkS¶V % fdlh nwljs dh 100 Mkyj ls de dher dh laifÙk blds Lokeh dks

lnk ds fy, blls oafpr djus ds fy, mBk ys tkukA

35)

fiEi % ¼1½ fdlh jaMh ;k oS';k ds fy, xzkgd tqVkus dk dk;ZA ¼2½ og

O;fDr tks fdlh jaMh ;k oS';k ds fy, xzkgd tqVkrk gSA

36)

fiPpSl eks'ku % vko';drk ls vf/kd cy iz;ksx vkSj fgalk dh dk;Zokgh ;k fdUgha

f'kdk;rksa ds laca/k esa 'kkafr dk;e j[kus okys vf/kdkjh ds deZpkfj;ksa

dh QkbZy cjken djus ds fy, cpkodÙkkZ }kjk dh xbZ ;kfpdkA

37)

IysafVd % eqdíek nk;j djus okyk dksbZ O;fDr ;k daiuhA

38)

Iyh % yxk, x, nks"kksa ds mÙkj esa fdlh vkijkf/kd eqdíes esa cpkodÙkkZ

dk c;ku fd Þnks"kh gwaß ;k Þnks"kh ugha gwaß dk c;kuA

39)

Iyh ckjxsu % vfHk;kstd vkSj cpkodÙkkZ ds chp gqvk le>kSrkA ;g cpkodÙkkZ

dks de xaHkhj vijk/k ds fy, nks"kh gksus dh Lohdk;Zrk dh NwV nsrk

gS] ;fn vnkyr eatwjh ns rksA

40)

IyhM % fdlh vijk/k djus dks Lohdkjuk ;k udkjukA

41) IyhfMax % fdlh i{k }kjk vnkyr esa fn, x, fyf[kr c;ku ftuesa eqdíes ds


ckjs esa ml i{k ds dkuwuh rFkk rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr nkoksa dk o.kZu

fn;k gksrk gS vkSj ;g Hkh fy[kk jgrk gS fd og i{k vnkyr ls

D;k pkgrk gSA

42)

ikSfyax nh twjh % og izfØ;k ftlds vuqlkj fu.kkZ;d e.My ds lnL;ksa vyx&vyx

iwNk tkrk gS fd D;k os ml eqdíes ds vafre QSlys ls lger gS

ftldk fu.kZ; mUgksaus vHkh&vHkh fd;k gS\

43)

ikSyhxzkQ % >wB idM+us ds fy, fd;k x;k ijh{k.k vkSj ,sls ijh{k.k ds fy,

iz;ksx dh tkus okyh e'khu

44)

ikstS'ku vkQ MªXl % eu cgykos vFkok foØ; ds fy, nks"kh ds ikl u'khyh nokvksa dk

gksuk

45)

iksLV dfUoD'ku % og izfØ;k ftlds vUrxZr rFkk dfFkr mYya?ku ;k xyrh ds dkj.k

dksbZ ltk izkIr O;fDr viuh ltk ds vkns'k dks pqukSrh nsrk gSA

46)

iksLV;ksueSaV % vnkyrh lquokbZ dks vkxs Mkyuk ;k mlesa nsjh djukA

47)

iksj&vksoj foy % ,slk olh;rukek ftlesa olh;r djus okys us viuh tk;nkn dk

dqN Hkkx vFkok iwjh tk;nkn fdlh ,sls VªLV ds uke dh gks ftldh

LFkkiuk mldh e`R;q ls igys gqbZ gksA

48)

ikoj vkQ vVkuhZ % fdlh nwljs ds fgr esa dk;Zokgh djus dk vf/kdkj nsukA

49)

izs;j % f'kdk;rdÙkkZ }kjk okafNr izfØ;k] lgk;rk vFkok jkgr dh eatwjh ds

vnkyr ls vkosnu] ,sls vkosnu okys nLrkost dk dksbZ Hkkx HkhA

50)

izSlhMSaV % iqjkus eqdíeksa esa vnkyr }kjk fn;k x;k QSlyk ftldk iz;ksx

vnkyr }kjk ml tSls ;k u, eqdíes dk QSlyk djus ds fy, fd;k

tkrk gSA

51)

izh&bUtaD'ku % vnkyr }kjk LFkk;h vkns'k ds fu.kZ; rd fdlh dk;Zokgh dks djus

;k u djus dk vkns'kA ;g vLFkk;h LFkxu vkns'k ls fHkUu gSA

52)

izStqMkbZl % tc dksbZ dk;Z vFkok fu.kZ; fdlh ds vf/kdkjksa dks udkjkRed


53)

izStqMhf'k;y vkMZj % ifjorZuh; xyrh] og xyrh tks vihyh; vnkyr dks fopkjk/khu

QSlys dks myVkus dk vf/kdkj nsrh gSA

54)

izStqMh f'k;y ,sohMSal % og xokgh tks tt vFkok fu.kkZ;d e.My dks utk;t qdk nsA

55)

fizfyfeujh gh;fjax % ;g tkuus ds fy, fdlh dqdeZ djus ds fdlh nks"kh O;fDr ij

eqdíek pykus ds fy, I;kZIr izek.kA laHkkfor dkj.k gS ;k ugha] ml

O;fDr dks miyC/k lquokbZ dk volj

56)

fizfyfeujh bUtaD'ku % tc nhokuh eqdíeksa esa dk;Zokgh ls igys iwoZ&fLFkfr cgky j[kuk

vko';d gks rks vnkyr ;g vkns'k ;k LFkk;h LFkxu vkns'k ns

ldrh gS ftlesa fdlh i{k dks fdlh fo'ks"k dk;Z dks djus dk vkns'k

fn;k gksrk gSA

57)

izheSMhVs'ku % ,dne vijk/k djus dh ctk, ftls igys djus ls igys vijk/k

djus dh ;kstuk cukukA

58)

izhekbZtst+ % ftls igys j[kk tkrk gS] igys vkus okyk] igys fn, x, c;kuA

59)

izh&ijekuSalh gh;fjax % oSYQs;j ,.M bUlVhV~;w'ku dksM ds lSD'ku 366-21 ¼bZ½ ds vuqlkj

ekrk&firk dh fxj¶rkjh ds le; 3 o"kZ ls Åij dh mez okys cPpksa

dks /keZ ds ekrk&firk dh laHkky esa Hkstus] cPps dh HkykbZ dk /;ku

j[kus vkSj ekrk&firk ds lkFk iqufeZyu ds iz;Ruksa dk ewY;kadu djus

ds fy, dh xbZ lquokbZA

60)

izh&ikSaMªSal vkQ nh

,sohMSal

% fdlh iq:"k@L=kh oknh dks eqdíek thrus ds fy, fl) djuk gksrk

gS fd vf/kdka'k izek.k mlds i{k esa gSaA

61)

izStSaVsl fjiksVZ % tt }kjk fdlh cpkodÙkkZ dks ltk nsrs le; fuxjku foHkkx }kjk

rS;kj dh xbZ fjiksVZA blessa cpkodÙkkZ dh i`"BHkwfe dk o.kZu gksrk gS]

foÙkh;] dkedkth ,oa ikfjokfjd fLFkfr] lkeqnkf;d laca/k] vkijkf/kd

bfrgkl vkSj orZeku vijk/k ds rF; vkfnA

62)

izStSaVeSaV % iw.kZ fu.kkZ;d e.My }kjk tkjh og ?kks"k.kk ;k gLrkost ftlesa

lkoZtfud mÙkjnkf;Ro ds inksa ij vklhu ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds


dqd`R;ksa dh rVLFk fjiksVZ ;k mYys[k gksrk gSA lk/kkj.kr;k blesa

vijk/k dk vkSipkfjd nks"k 'kkfey ugha gksrk gSA izStSaVeSaV vkSj

bufMDVeSaV esa varj gksrk gSA

63)

fizT;wEM Qknj % og vkneh ftldk cPps dh ekrk ls fookg gqvk gks] ftlus iSr`drk

dh ?kks"k.kk ij gLrk{kj fd, gksa ;k ftlus cPps ?kj esa izkIr fd;k

vkSj cPps dks vius cPps ds :i esa leqnk; ds le{k izLrqr fd;k

gks] pkgs og vkneh tho&foKku ds vk/kkj ij ml cPps dks firk gS

;k ughaA

64)

fiztEi'ku % fdlh izLrko vFkok rF; dh lR;rk vFkok >wBk gksus dk fu"d"kZ tks

rc rd ekU; gksrk gS tc rd blds foijhr izek.k }kjk bls xyr

fl) u dj fn;k tk,A

65)

fiztEi'ku vkQ

bUukslSal

% vijk/k laca/kh dkuwu dk og lkfRod fl)kar ftlds vuqlkj dksbZ

O;fDr vijk/k ds fy, rc rd funksZ"k gksrk gS tc rd fd mls

nks"kh fl) u fd;k x;k gksA ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh gS fd og vijk/k

ds izR;sd rRo dks izekf.kr djus esa 'kd dh xqatkb'k u NksM+s vkSj

cpkodÙkkZ ij vius funksZ"k gksus dk izek.k nsus dh ftEesnkjh ugha gSA

66)

fiztEi'ku vkQ yk % dkuwu dk og fu;e ftlds vuqlkj vnkyrsa vkSj tt fdlh fo'ks"k

fu"d"kZ ij fdlh fo'ks"k rF; vFkok fo'ks"k izek.k ds vk/kkj ij gh

igqapsaxsA

67)

izhVfeZVsM pkbZYM % og cPpk ftldk tUe olh;rukek fy[kus ds ckn gqvk gks vkSj

ftlds ckjs esa olh;r ukes esa dksbZ izko/kku u fd;k x;k gksA

vf/kdrj jkT;ksa esa ,sls dkuwu gS ftuesa ;g izca/k fd;k x;k gS fd

tk;nkn esa ,sls dk fgLlk mUgsa feysA

68)

izh&Vªk;y dkUÝSal % eqdíes dh dk;Zokgh ls igys fdlh Hkh le; nksuksa i{k vnkyr ds

le{k tk ldrs gSaA vkijkf/kd ekeyksa ;g og le; gS tc

cpkodÙkkZ vkSj vfHk;kstd nksuksa le>kSrs ds ckjs esa ckrphr djrs

gSaA

69) izkbZlk QslkbZ dsl % og ;ksX; eqdíek ftlesa dkuwuh izfØ;k ds tkjh j[ks tkus dh vkKk


nsus ds fy, vko';d de ls de izek.k ekStwn gksaA ;g 'kCn ykrhuh

Hkk"kk ls vk;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ÞizFke n`f"V lsßA

70)

fizalhiy % 'kfDr vFkok vf/kdkj dk lzks=kA

71)

fizalhiYl % os yksx tks vnkyr djus vFkok vijk/k djus dh dksf'k'k esa 'kkfey

gksa bues os yksx Hkh 'kkfey gksrs gSa tks izR;{k ,oa lfØ; :i ls

vijk/k djrs gSa ;k vijk/k djus dk iz;Ru djrs gSa vFkok tks

vijk/k djus ;k vijk/k djus ds iz;Ru esa lgk;rk djrs gSa ;k

mdlkrs gSaA

72)

fizalhiy VeZ % vnkyr }kjk fdlh ,d vijk/k ds fy, nh tkus okyh tsy tkus dh

vR;kf/kd vof/k dh ltk] vk/kkjHkwr ltk rFkk blesa dh xbZ

o`f);ka] ftlesa vkfJr vof/k;ka Hkh tksM+h tkrh gSaA

73)

izk;lZ % nks"kh dks igys nh xbZ ltk dh vof/k;ka

74)

izk;j dfUod'ku % Åijh vnkyrksa esa iz;ksx vuqlkj] ;g vkjksi fd cpkodÙkkZ dks igys

Hkh tsy tk pqdk gSA

75)

izk;j budafllVSaV

LVsVeSaV

% xokgh esa ;s fdlh Xokg }kjk igys fn, x, c;ku gSa tks xokg }kjk

dV?kjs esa fn, x, c;ku ls foijhr gSaA

76)

fizt+u % dksbZ la?kh; vFkok izkarh; ljdkjh bekjr ;k dksbZ vkSj LFkku tks

yksxksa dks fgjklr esa j[kus ds fy, gksrk gSA bldk iz;ksx ;k rks ltk

feyus ds ckn ;k U;k; ds iz'kklu ds nkSjku fd;k tkrk gSA bldks

i'pkrki x`g] lq/kkjx`g ;k tsy Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

77)

izkbZoslh] jkbZV vkWQ % vdsyk NksM+s tkus dk vf/kdkj] fdlh O;fDr dk vupkgs izpkj ls

Lora=k jgus dk vf/kdkjA

78)

fizfoyst+ % ,slk ykHk ftls lHkh ugha ys ldrs] bLrxkls ;k fdlh vU; eqdíes

ls NwV

79)

fizfoysTM

dE;wfuds'kul

% dqN yksxksa dks Hksts tkus okys xqIr lans'k tks dkuwuh izfØ;k esa tcju

[kqykls lfgr lHkh izdkj ds [kqyklksa ds fo:) dkuwu }kjk lqj{kk


izkIr gSaA odhy rFkk eqofDdy ds chp] MkDVj rFkk jksxh ds chp]

euksfpfdRld rFkk jksxh ds chp] iqtkjh] ea=kh rFkk i'pkrki djus

okys ds chp laokn blh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA

80)

izkbZfoVh % laifÙk ds leku vf/kdkj ds izfr ijLij vFkok Øekuqlkj laca/k

vFkok fdlh ,d O;fDr dk nwljs ds lkFk leku fgr tks lekt

dkuwuh vf/kdkj dks izdV djrk gSA

81)

izkscscy dkWt+ % ;g fo'okl djus ds fy, fd vijk/k fd;k tk pqdk gS ;k fd;k tk

jgk gS] mi;qZDr dkj.kA lHkh oS/k rykf'k;ksa] cjkenfx;ksa vkSj

fxj¶rkfj;ksa dk vk/kkjA

82)

izkscsV % ;g fuf'pr djus ds fy, fdlh e`rd ;k clh;rukek vlyh gS ;k

ugha] viukbZ tkus okyh U;kf;d izfØ;kA fdlh okfjl dh tk;nkn

dk oS/k foHkktuA

83)

izkscsV dksVZ % og vnkyr ftls e`rdksa dh tk;nkn dk caVokjk djus dk vf/kdkj

izkIr gksA

84)

izkscsV ,sLVsV % fdlh tk;nkn esa 'kkfey lHkh laifÙk;ka ftu ij oS/k foHkktu dh

'krZ ykxw gksrh gSA blesa lkjh tk;nkn ugha vkrh gSA mnkgj.k ds

fy,] la;qDr iV~Vsnkjh dh laifÙk izkscsV ,sLVsV dk Hkkx ugha gSA

85)

izkscs'ku % tsy tkus dh ltk dk ,d fodYi ftlds vUrxZr fdlh nks"kh dks

izkscs'ku vf/kdkjh dh ns[kjs[k esa vnkyr fjgk dj nsrh gS tks ;g

fuf'pr djrk gS fd cpkodÙkkZ dqN fu;eksa dk ikyu djrk gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy,] og dksbZ dke /ka/kk djrk gS] og u'khyh nokvksa ds

izfr ijke'kZ ysrk gSA

86)

izkscs'ku fcQksj tteSaV % nks"kh djkj fn, tkus ds ckn ltk ykxw djus ls l'krZ cpkoA

87)

izkscs'ku fMikVZeSaV % og foHkkx tks mu yksxksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij utj j[krk gS tks

izkscs'ku ij gSaA lkFk gh mu LFkkuksa ij Hkh utj j[kh tkrh gS tgka

izkscs'ku vf/kdkjh dk;Zjr gSA

88) izkscs'ku vkQhlj % og vf/kdkjh tks izkscs'ku ij fjgk fd, x, O;fDr;ks ij ut+j


j[krk gS vkSj ftls bl ckjs izxfr fjiksVZ nsuh gksrh gSA og mu

yksxksa ls leiZ.k djokrk gS tks izkscs'ku dh 'krks± dk mYya?ku djrs

gSaA

89)

izkscksuks % fu%'kqYd dh xbZ dkuwuh dk;ZokghA ;g 'kCn ykrhuh Hkk"kk ls vk;k gS

ftldk vFkZ gS] Þyksd&dY;k.k ds fy,Aß

90)

izkslhtjy ykW % lk/kkj.kr;k fdlh eqdíes esa viuk, tkus okys fu;eksa }kjk LFkkfir

fof/k] U;kf;d dk;Zokgh esa vkSipkfjd pj.kA

91)

izksbDVl yk;fcfyVh % bldk vFkZ mRikndksa vkSj foØsrkvksa }kjk [kjhnnkjksa] iz;ksxdÙkkZvksa

vkSj ;gka rd fd ikl [kM+s yksxksa dks [kjhns x, eky esa [kjkch ds

dkj.k gqbZ gkfu ds cnys eqvkotk nsus dh oS/kkfud ftEesnkjh gSA

92)

izksQj % izek.k nsus dh is'kd'k fd ;fn fdlh xokg dks xokgh nsus ;k fdlh

iz'u dk mÙkj nsus ds fy, cqyk;k tkrk rks xokgh dSlh gksrhA

93)

izks gSd okbZl % bl fo'ks"k volj ds fy,A mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdlh ckgjh jkT; ds

odhy dks LFkkfud vf/kdkj {ks=k ds fdlh fo'ks"k eqdíesa dh

dk;Zokgh esa Hkkx ysus dh vkKk nh tk ldrh gSA

94)

izksfgch'ku % og dkuwu ;k fu;e tks fdlhckr ij ikcanh yxkrk gksA

95)

izksfeljh uksV % og fyf[kr nLrkost ftlesa dksbZ O;fDr fdlh nwljs dks /ku pqdkus

dk opu nsrk gSA

96)

izwQ % dksbZ rF; ;k izek.k ftlds vk/kkj ij vnkyr fdlh fu.kZ; ij

igqaprh gSA

97)

izwQ vkQ lfoZl % vnkyr esa nkf[ky fd;k x;k og QkeZ tks ;g fl) djrk gS fd

vnkyr ds dkxt fdlh O;fDr ds ikl Bhd


100)

izks ls % os O;fDr tks vnkyr esa vius eqdíes fcuk odhy ds Lo;a is'k

djrs gSaA

101)

izkSlhD;wfVax vVkuhZ % og ljdkjh vf/kdkjh tks ljdkj dh vksj ls vkijkf/kd eqdíeksa dk

vfHk;kstu djrk gSA

102)

izkSlhD;w'ku % og i{k tks vkijkf/kd eqdíek nk;j djrk gS vkSj vkijkf/kd nks"k

nk;j djrk gSA izkSlhD;w'ku ljdkjh odhy gksrk gSA og eqdíes esa

ljdkj dk lkekU; uke gSA

103)

izkslhD;wVj % fdlh vkijkf/kd eqdíes dh dk;Zokgh esa ljdkj dk izfrfuf/kRo djus

okyk vkSj nhokuh ekeyksa esa jkT; ds fgrksa dk /;ku j[kus okyk

odhyA vkijkf/kd eqdíes esa ;g QSlyk djuk vfHk;kstd dk dke

gksrk gS fd nks"kkjksi.k dc vkSj fdls djuk gSA

104)

izkSLVhV~;w'ku % /ku ds cnys ;kSu laca/kh fØ;k djuk ;k djus ds fy, bdjkj

djukA

105)

izkSVsfDVo vkMZj % vnkyr og vkns'k ftlds }kjk fdlh O;fDr dks vkSj vf/kd

ijs'kkuh] izfØ;k dh rkehy vkSj cjkenxh ds fo:) lqj{kk iznku dh

tkrh gSA

106)

izks VSe % fdlh vnkyr esa vLFkk;h rkSj ij eqdíeksa dh lquokbZ vkSj mudk

QSlyk djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;k vf/kdkjhA

107)

izkSDlhesaV dkSt+ % og dk;Z ftlds dkj.k dksbZ ?kVuk ?kVhA

108)

ifCyd fMQSaMj % vnkyr }kjk fdlh ,sls cpkodÙkkZ dk izfrfu/kRo djus ds fy, pquk

x;k odhy tks odhy dk [kpZ ogu ugha dj ldrkA

109)

I;wuhfVo MSestu % ?kk;y djus okys O;fDr dks ltk nsus ds mn~ns'; ls ?kk;y O;fDr dks

?kko dh ewY;kafdr jkf'k ls vf/kd fn;k x;k /kuA

110)

i.kZ % lkQ&lQkbZ djuk] tSls fd vnkyrh QkbZyksa esa ls iqjkus fjdkMZ dks

ckgj fudky dj u"V djukA nhokuh vogsyuk ds laca/k esa] ml

dk;Zokgh dks lekIr djuk ftlds dkj.k vogsyuk gqbZ FkhA


------Q-------

1. QUANTUM MERUIT - Latin meaning "as much as he deserves," and describes the extent of liability on a contract implied by law.

2. QUASH - To overthrow, to vacate, to annul or make void. 3. QUASI JUDICIAL - Authority or discretion vested in an officer whose actions are of a judicial

character. 4. QUID PRO QUO - Something for something; giving one valuable thing for another. 5. QUO WARRANTO - A writ issuable by the state, through which it demands an individual show

by what right he or she exercises authority which can only be exercised through a grant from the state or why he or she should not be removed from a state office.


1) DoSaVl eS;wZV % ;g 'kCn ykrhuh Hkk"kk ls vk;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS] Þmruk ftrus dk

og gdnkj gSß vkSj ;g fdlh le>kSrs esa dkuwu }kjk fufgr

mRrjknkf;Ro dk o.kZu djrk gSA

2) DoS'k % iyVuk] [k.Mu djuk] jí djuk ;k voS/k ?kksf"kr djukA

3) Doklh tqMhf'k;y % U;kf;d izd`fr okys dk;ks± ds in ij vklhu fdlh vf/kdkjh esa

fufgr vf/kdkj vFkok LosPNk dk vf/kdkjA

4) fDoM izks D;ks % fdlh pht ds cnys dksbZ pht+] fdlh ewY;oku oLrq ds cnys dksbZ

vU; ewY;oku oLrq nsukA

5) Doks okjaVks % jkT; }kjk tkjh fd, tkus ;ksX; og vkns'k ftlds }kjk fdlh

O;fDr ls ;g iwNk tkrk gS fd og lÙkk dk iz;ksx fdl vf/kdkj ls

djrk@djrh gS ftldk iz;ksx dsoy jkT; dh vuqefr ls gh fd;k

tk ldrk gS vkSj mls jkT; ds dk;kZy; ls D;ksa u fudky fn;k

tk,A

1. kidnapping 2. keeper - 3. knowingly › general › legal...english/hindi legal glossary...

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