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    L COMPILATION OF ANALYTICAL DATAI

    1... FOR PHOSPHATE-RICH SEDIMENTS IN

    ~ ONSLOW BAY, NORTH CAROLINA1~

    by

    Stanley R. Riggs, Dorothea v. d. P. Ames, Robert A. Wyrick, Katrina L. Lueck,

    Eric R. Powers, and Ronald A. Crowson

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    NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

    OPEN-FILE REPORT 93-36

    DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES

    Charles H. Gardner, State Geologistb..

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    L.. 1993

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    CONTENTS

    Onslow Bay Researc:h Project .. 1Purpose and Scope of the Present Publication 6Sample loJOCations 8Stari~phic Units Occurring in 'Vibracores 23Chemical Data for Vibracore and Surface Bulk-Sediment Samples 28Chemical Data Surface Bulk-Sediment Samples from the Archives ........•...................... 83Organic Data for Bulk-Sediment Samples 86Thxtural Data for Shipek Surface Samples 93Metallurgical Analysis of Phosphate from Vibracore Samples 107Chemical Analysis ofPhosphate Concentrates from Metallurgical Tests 110Chemical Analysis of Hand-Picked Concentrates of Phosphate Grain 'JYpes 115Geologic Logs of Miocene-Bearing Vibracores 124References Oted 234

    FIGURES

    Figure 1. Distribution of outcropping Cenozoic and Cretaceous sequences withincontinental the shelf of the Carolinas and Georgia 2

    Figure 2. Outcrop distribution map of Onslow Bay. North Carolina showing 16fourth-order seismic sequences of the Miocene Pungo River Formation 3

    Figure 3. loJOCation of95 vibracores that penetrated the sediments of the MiocenePungo River Formation in Onslow Bay. Nonh Carolina 9

    TABLES

    Table 1. Research Crusies and Data Obtained for the Onslow Bay ContinentalShelf Research Project 6

    Table 2. Shipboard Samples Obtained on 11 Research Cruises for the OnslowBay Continental Shelf Research Project 7

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    COMPILATION OF ANALYTICAL DATA FOR PHOSPHATE-RICH

    SEDIMENTS IN ONSLOW BAY, NORTH CAROLINA

    by

    Stanley R. Riggs, Dorothea v. d. P. Ames, Robert A. Wyrick, Katrina L. Lueck,Eric R. Powers, and Ronald A. Crowson'

    ONSLOW BAY RESEARCH PROJECT

    This compilation of analytical data for phosphate-rich sediments concerns the UpperCenozoic geology of the Onslow Bay on the North Carolina continental margin as indicated inFigures 1 and 2. This study area is the Carolina phosphogenic province as defmed by Riggs(1979, 1984) and represents the focus of an extended research program entitled Genesis of theUpper Cenozoic Depositional Sequences ofthe Mid-Atlantic Continental Margin with Stanley R.Riggs, Albert C. Hine, Scott W. Snyder, Stephen W. Snyder, and William J. Showers asctrprincipal investigators of various portions of the research. This extended research programbegan in 1979 and is still in progress, although at a slower pace than during the fIrst decade. Thedata compiled in the present volume represents some of the analytical products of this researchprogram on the Carolina phosphogenic province.

    The included data are the results of research funded by the National Science Foundation(NSF) and the University of North Carolina Sea Grant College Program (UNCSGCP) of theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). SpecifIc research grants during theperiod of 1979 through 1990 are listed below.

    National Science Foundation Research Grants:

    OCE-7908949 to S. R. Riggs and A. C. HineSubmarine phosphorites in Onslow Bay, North Carolina: evaluation of anexploration model.

    OCE-8110907 to S. R. Riggs and A. C. HineSubmarine phosphorites in Onslow Bay, North Carolina: evaluation of anexploration model.

    OCE-8118164 to S. R. Riggs and A. C. HineGenesis of the phosphorite sediment sequence on the mid-Atlantic continentalmargin.

    OCE-8342777 to A. C. Hine, Stephen W. Snyder, and S. R. Riggs Seismicstratigraphy of the North Carolina estuarine system.

    OCE-8400383 to S. R. Riggs, A. C. Hine, and Scott W. SnyderGenesis of the phosphorite sediment sequence. on the mid-Atlantic continentalmargin.

    OCE-8540985 to S. R. Riggs and A. C. HineGeologic and biologic impacts of Hurricane Diana on the outer continentalshelf, Frying Pan Shoals region, North Carolina.

    I Work performed by authors while affiliated with the Depanment of Geology, East Carolina University,Greenville, North Carolina 27858

    1

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    Figure 1. Distribution of outcropping Cenozoic and Cretaceou~ sequences within the continentalshelf of the Carolinas and Georgia as mapped from chronostratigraphic correlations viaseismic-renection studies (modified from Stephen W. Snyder, 1982). Note that the Miocenesequences only crop out on the sea floor across the limbs of the Mid-earolina Platfonn High andare partially missing from the nose of this first-order paleotopographic feature; the remainingMiocene sediment has been buried by Pliocene and Quaternary shelf-margin sediments.

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    Figure 2. Outcrop distribution map of Onslow Bay, North Carolina showing 16 fourth-orderseismic sequences of the Miocene Pungo River Formation. Also, shown on the map are the threethird-order seismic, biostratigraphic, and depositional sections referred to as the Frying Pan(FPS), Onslow Bay (OBS), and Bogue Banks Sections (BBS) of mid-Burdigalian, Langhian, andSerravallian ages, respectively. Modified from Stephen W. Snyder (1982) by Mallette (1986).

    3

  • OCE-8609l6l to S. R. Riggs, A. C. Hine, and Scott W. SnyderGenesis of the phosphorite sediment sequence on the mid-Atlantic continentalmargin.

    OCE-8709429 to S. R. RiggsIsotopic composition of the Miocene phosphorite sediment on the Carolinacontinental margin: a detailed record of glacio-eustatic sea-level cyclicity.

    OCE-8710311 to W. J. ShowersIsotopic composition of the Miocene phosphorite sediment on the Carolinacontinental margin: a detailed record of glacio-eustatic sea-level cyclicity.

    University of North Carolina Sea Grant College Program of the NationalOceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Research Grants:

    NA83AA-D-SG012 to Scott W. Snyder and S. R. RiggsMicropaleontological characterization and correlation of the continental shelfphosphorites, Onslow Bay, North Carolina.

    NA85AA-D-SG022 to 1) Scott W. Snyder and S. R. RiggsRelationship of microfauna to post~epositional changes in cyclical Neogenesedimentary sequences of Onslow Bay.

    NA85AA-D-SG023 to 2) S. R. Riggs, A. C. Hine, and Scott W. SnyderCarbonate hardgrounds in Onslow Bay, North Carolina.

    Preparation and publication of this specific document is the result of a grant from the U •S •Department of Interior, Minerals Management Service to S. R. Riggs with the assistanceof the North Carolina Geological Survey.

    Publications resulting directly from this extended research project include 54 peer-reviewedmanuscripts appearing in professional journals, monographs, and as chapters in technical books,and 88 abstracts appearing in abstract volumes. Several synthesis papers are being prepared forpublication during the next few years. In fact, this long-term research project continues, but witha slightly different focus that considers the following:

    • Isotope stratigraphy (including strontium age dating of various sediment components)within the Upper Cenozoic

    • Isotope and trace element geochemistry (including oxygen, carbon, and neodymiumisotopes) of the phosphate sediment component

    • Quaternary history and role of hardbottoms in biological productivity on the continentalshelf.

    The results from this extended research program have been published in many differentplaces and formats. The references and abstracts for all project publications have been summarizedand published in the following volume:

    Riggs, S. R., and Ames, D. v. d. P., 1992, Upper Cenozoic geology of theOnslow Bay and Aurora Embayments, North Carolina: compilation of publishedabstracts from the literature: North Carolina Geological Survey Information Circular28,209 p.

    The seismic database is being published separately by the North Carolina GeologicalSurvey as the Miocene Seismic Library for the North Carolina Continental Shelfsouth ofCapeLookout by Stephen W. Snyder (in preparation as a North Carolina Geological Survey open-filereport) and a color map with cross sections titled Miocene Geology of the Continental Shelf,

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    Onslow Bay, North Carolina by Stephen W. Snyder, A. C. Hine, S. R. Riggs, and Scott W.Snyder (North Carolina Geological Survey Map 3, 1993). The biostratigraphic database waspublished in Scott W. Snyder (1988). The phosphate resource database for Onslow Bay has beenpublished in numerous fonnats and upgraded over the years as increased infonnation has becomeavailable and include Riggs and others (1982, 1985), Development Planning and ResearchAssociates (1987), Riggs (1989), and Powers and others (1990).

    Personnel associated with this multidisciplinary, Onslow Bay project include many seniorresearchers from numerous universities and government agencies, as well as many graduatestudents. Additional analytical data are available from the 25 M.S. theses and 2 Ph.D.dissertations completed as part of this project. Abstracts for each of these 25 M.S. theses areincluded in Riggs and Ames (1992). These unpublished theses contain additional data on thevarious phosphate-bearing stratigraphic units including the Miocene Pungo River Fonnation,Pleistocene carbonates, and the surficial Holocene sands. The data include: 1) various types ofremotely sensed stratigraphic and structural surveys; 2) biostratigraphic age evaluations; 3) manytypes of elemental and isotopic analyses; 3) mineralogic and petrographic evaluations of thesediments; 4) textural measurements on specific sediment components; and 5) evaluations ofstratigraphic facies and depositional environments. The theses are from the five institutions listedbelow and~ available from each institution through the appropriate interlibrary loan programs.

    East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858.Nonh Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650.University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701.University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514.Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706.

    1\\'0 Ph.D. dissertations are in their final stages by Ronald A. Crowson at North CarolinaState University and Stephen W. Snyder at the University of South Florida. These dissertationsconcern the isotope geochemistry of the Onslow Bay phosphorites and the seismic stratigraphy ofthe Onslow Bay Tertiary section, respectively.

    5

  • PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF PRESENT PUBLICATION

    Table 1. Research cruises and data obtained for the Onslow Bay continental shelf research project.

    The purpose of the present document is to publish the general databases produced byvarious analytical aspects of the phosphate-rich sediments resulting from the Onslow Bay researchproject. This report does not include any remotely sensed data (high-resolution seismic, side-scansonar, and bottom video and photographic surveys), water-eolumn and pore-water chemistry,paleontological analyses, or any of the specialized databases that are included in the unpublishedtheses and dissertations done as part of this project. As previously stated, all of these data areavailable through other publications. .

    The samples utilized to develop the analytical databases included in this publication wereobtained during the 11 research cruises outlined in Table 1. Table 2 summarizes the types andnumbers of shipboard samples that were obtained during the research cruises. These samples formthe basis for the analytical data presented in this report which includes the following:

    Sample locationsStratigraphic units occurring in vibracoresChemical data for vibracore and surface bulk-sediment samplesChelnical data for surface bulk-sediment samples from the archivesOrganic data for bulk-sediment samplesTextural data for SIDPEK surface samplesMetallurgical analysis of phosphate from vibracore samplesChemical analysis of phosphate concentrates from metallurgical testsChemical analysis of hand-picked concentrates of phosphate grain typesGeologic logs for Miocene-bearing vibracores

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    DAYS

    19101819172054456

    DATES

    May, 1980Oct., 1980May, 1981May, 1982May, 1983June, 1983Oct., 1983Dec., 1984Dec., 1985June, 1989May, 1991

    DATA •

    C, SS, HRSVC, SS, HRSVC, SS, HRSVC, SS, HRSVC, SS, HRS, SSSEstuarine HRSBC, SS, HRS, SSSBC, SS, HRS, SSS, VBC, SS, HRS, SSSBC, SS, HRS, WCBC, SS, HRS, SSS, WC

    SHIP

    RNEastwardRNEndeavorRN Columbus IselinRN Cape HatterasRN Cape HatterasRN NitroRN Cape HatterasRN Cape HatterasRNPeirceRN Cape HatterasRN Cape Hatteras

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    lie VC = vibracores; SS = surface samples; BC = boxcores;HRS = high-resolution seismic profiles (Uniboomnt, sparker, 1 in3airgun); SSS = side-scan sonar profiles; V = bottom video profl1es;WC = water chemistry

    CRUISE

    III.III.NV.VI.VII.VIII.IX.X.XI.

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  • Table 2. Shipboard samples obtained on 11 research cruises for the Onslow Bay continental shelfresearch project. These samples fonn the basis for the analytical data included in this report.

    AVERAGE PENETRATIONr

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    VibracoresStratigraphic sectionSHIPEK surface samplesRock-dredge haulsBoxcoresGravity cores

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    Column 2: LATIDIDELatitude location in decimal degrees is derived by calculation from Loran C navigational

    system. Thus. there is a cenain variability in utilizing different navigational systems on differentships.

    Column 3: LONGIDlDELongitude location in decimal degrees is derived by calculation from Loran C navigational

    system. Thus, there is a cenain variability in utilizing different navigational systems on differentships.

    Column 4: STATIONThe ship's station number, where available

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    Onslow Bay vibracore number 11Long Bay vibracore number 3Onslow Bay SHIPEK sample number 17active sample number (old sample number)Raleigh Bay SHIPEK sample number 12Onslow Bay rock dredge sample number 6. The first entry representsthe time and location of rock dredge deployment; the second entry is thetime and location of rock dredge retrieval.Onslow Bay box core number 15Onslow Bay gravity core number 3

    OB-BC-15OB0-3

    Column 5: CRWSEThe ship and cruise numbers are as follows: .

    E-3-80 NSF ship RN Eastward, cruise 3 of 1980EN-057 NSF ship RN Endeavor. cruise 57 of 19801-8105 NSF ship RN Columbus Iselin. cruise 5 of 1981CH-13-82 NSF ship RN Cape Hatteras. cruise 13 of 1982; similar

    number system is used for all 6 of the Cape Hatteras cruisesRV Peirce NOAA ship RN Peirce cruise of 1985

    Column 6: LORAN]First Loran C reading at sample site

    Column 7: LORAN2Second Loran C reading at sample site

    Column 8: DATEDate sample obtained

    This data file presents peninent location infonnation for samples obtained from shipboardin Onslow Bay. Nonh Carolina during the Onslow Bay project. The samples were obtained asvibracores, box cores. and gravity cores, as well as surface samples obtained with SHIPEK androck-dredge samplers. Figure 3 presents the location of vibracores that penetrated the PungoRiver Fonnation. The key for the types of shipboard samples and included data is as follows.

    Column 1: SAMPLEOB-llLB-3OBS-17OBS-175 (153)RBS-12OBD-6

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    p.c

    -85

    08

    5-2

    40

    33

    .75

    01

    7.5

    63

    RV

    Peir

    c@

    12

    -0ec-8

    50

    85

    -24

    13

    3.