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Leadership and Career Leadership and Career DevelopmentDevelopment

Angela Barron McBrideAngela Barron McBrideDistinguished Professor-Dean EmeritaDistinguished Professor-Dean Emerita

Indiana University School of NursingIndiana University School of Nursing

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A Short QuizA Short Quiz

Do you want to be a leader? Do you want to be a leader? How do you define or describe How do you define or describe

leadership?leadership? Do you know what you should be Do you know what you should be

working on in your current career working on in your current career stage?stage?

What do you do to stay optimistic What do you do to stay optimistic about nursing and your own career?about nursing and your own career?

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Overview of Presentation:Overview of Presentation:

Reflections on leadershipReflections on leadership Key transitions in a research careerKey transitions in a research career Sustaining career optimismSustaining career optimism Final thoughtsFinal thoughts

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Leadership Is More Important than Leadership Is More Important than Ever BeforeEver Before

Leadership as personal qualities—Leadership as personal qualities—thoughtful, creative, resilient, thoughtful, creative, resilient, courageous, responsive, self-awarecourageous, responsive, self-aware

Leadership as goal attainment—Leadership as goal attainment—interpersonal and communication interpersonal and communication effectiveness, resource developmenteffectiveness, resource development

Leadership as transformational—Leadership as transformational—strategic vision, innovation, altering strategic vision, innovation, altering organizational realitiesorganizational realities

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The Leadership HierarchyThe Leadership Hierarchy

Level 1. Highly capable individual—Level 1. Highly capable individual—skilled, knowledgeable, good work skilled, knowledgeable, good work habitshabits

Level 2. Contributing team memberLevel 2. Contributing team member—helps achieve group objectives and —helps achieve group objectives and works well with othersworks well with others

Level 3. Competent manager—Level 3. Competent manager—organizes people and resources to organizes people and resources to achieve predetermined objectivesachieve predetermined objectives

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Level 4. Effective leader—catalyzes Level 4. Effective leader—catalyzes commitment to and pursuit of a vision commitment to and pursuit of a vision that stimulates higher performancethat stimulates higher performance

Level 5. Executive—builds enduring Level 5. Executive—builds enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional of personal humility and professional willwill

J. Collins, 2005, J. Collins, 2005, Good to great and the Good to great and the social sectorssocial sectors..

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Geriatric Nursing LeadershipGeriatric Nursing Leadership

…………a process whereby the leader, a process whereby the leader, either emergent or formally either emergent or formally designated, catalyzes others in order designated, catalyzes others in order to achieve shared values in an to achieve shared values in an environment where the meaning of environment where the meaning of healthy aging is evolving along with healthy aging is evolving along with structural supports……structural supports……

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The Overlap between Leadership The Overlap between Leadership and Research:and Research:

…………communication, collaboration, communication, collaboration, building morale, understanding the building morale, understanding the demands of the larger environment, demands of the larger environment, thinking in a fresh way about issues, thinking in a fresh way about issues, strategizing, designing processes to strategizing, designing processes to achieve goals, obtaining resources, achieve goals, obtaining resources, evaluating outcomes, and using any evaluating outcomes, and using any successes in furtherance of the next successes in furtherance of the next round of goals……round of goals……

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What are the key transitions in a What are the key transitions in a research career?research career?

PreparationPreparation PI StagePI Stage Program DevelopmentProgram Development Development of FieldDevelopment of Field Gadfly (or “wise person”) StageGadfly (or “wise person”) Stage

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Career Steps:From Novice to

Expert

Center Grants (P30, P50, P60)

Research Training Grants (R37, T32)

Pre-Doc. (F31)

developed by Dr. Taylor Harden

Post-Doc (F32)

Small Pilot Grant (R03)

Mentored Career Awards (K01, K08, K23)

Research Project Grant (R01)

Planning or Exploratory Award (R21)

Expert

Novice

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Stage I. PREPARATIONStage I. PREPARATION

Central Activity: LearningCentral Activity: Learning

Primary Relationship: Primary Relationship: Student, Teaching/Research Student, Teaching/Research AssistantAssistant

Major Theme: Assimilating Major Theme: Assimilating values, knowledge base, and values, knowledge base, and inquiry skills important to a inquiry skills important to a research careerresearch career

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PREPARATIONPREPARATION

Obtain formal education Obtain formal education (undergraduate, graduate, (undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral research training) and postdoctoral research training) and appropriate additional credentialsappropriate additional credentials

Seek socialization experiences, Seek socialization experiences, including joining professional including joining professional organizations and working as a organizations and working as a teaching and/or research assistantteaching and/or research assistant

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Develop the habits of precision (e.g., Develop the habits of precision (e.g., time management, bookmarking time management, bookmarking internet sites, organizing files and internet sites, organizing files and lists of contacts)lists of contacts)

Attend to information technology (IT) Attend to information technology (IT) learning needslearning needs

Learn to networkLearn to network Observe/analyze the successful, and Observe/analyze the successful, and

seek their mentoringseek their mentoring

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Find workable strategies for personal Find workable strategies for personal stress management, so you can stress management, so you can manage the “long run”manage the “long run”

Seek “validating” outcomes, e.g., Seek “validating” outcomes, e.g., funding, refereed presentations and funding, refereed presentations and publications, honorspublications, honors

Honestly analyze strengths and Honestly analyze strengths and limitationslimitations

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Stage II. PI STAGE Stage II. PI STAGE

Central Activity: Moving from Central Activity: Moving from fledgling to competencefledgling to competence

Primary Relationship: ColleaguePrimary Relationship: Colleague

Major Theme: Dealing with the Major Theme: Dealing with the inevitable gap between ideals inevitable gap between ideals learned and the realities of learned and the realities of work settingwork setting

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PI STAGEPI STAGE

Develop Develop programprogram of research of research Build collegial network, clinical Build collegial network, clinical

connections, and research teamconnections, and research team Take full advantage of strengths, Take full advantage of strengths,

opportunities, and aspirations of opportunities, and aspirations of home settinghome setting

Obtain needed resourcesObtain needed resources

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Join “discourse community” of field Join “discourse community” of field as a first (or sole) author and a peer as a first (or sole) author and a peer reviewerreviewer

Figure out how to turn all Figure out how to turn all investments into outcomesinvestments into outcomes

Learn to give and get criticismLearn to give and get criticism Learn to articulate the “meaning” of Learn to articulate the “meaning” of

your work in a range of groupsyour work in a range of groups

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Stage III. PROGRAM Stage III. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

Central Activity: Facilitating home Central Activity: Facilitating home institutioninstitution

Primary Relationship: Mentor, Primary Relationship: Mentor, Administrator, SupervisorAdministrator, Supervisor

Major Theme: Assuming Major Theme: Assuming responsibility for development of responsibility for development of others and of settingothers and of setting

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PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTPROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

Nurture colleagues in earlier career Nurture colleagues in earlier career stagesstages

Build home setting’s infrastructure Build home setting’s infrastructure and resourcesand resources

Engage in strategic planning around Engage in strategic planning around research development of home research development of home institutioninstitution

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Build program(s) on home setting’s Build program(s) on home setting’s strengthsstrengths

Learn to juggle multiple grantsLearn to juggle multiple grants Develop political savvy and a Develop political savvy and a

tolerance for ambiguity tolerance for ambiguity Expand purview of own work, e.g., Expand purview of own work, e.g.,

establishing multi-site and/or establishing multi-site and/or multidisciplinary collaborationsmultidisciplinary collaborations

Build institutional imageBuild institutional image

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PerceptionsRelated to illnessRelated to health behaviorsRelated to stress

ContextualCharacteristics

Person characteristicsPhysical characteristicsDisease and treatment characteristicsFamily and environment Behaviors

Coping behaviorsTreatment/illness behaviorsHealth promotion behaviors

Quality-of-LifeOutcomes

Physical well-beingNeuro-cognitive well-beingPsychological well-beingSocial well-beingSpirituality

TailoredBehavioral Interventions

Translation into Practice

IU Center for Enhancing Quality of Life in Chronic Illness: Umbrella Conceptual Framework

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Regenstrief Institute for Health CareDr. William Tierney+ Dr. Tom Inui * Dr. Rich Frankel*

IU’s Center for Excellence in Women’s HealthDr. Rose Fife**

IU’s Center for Aging ResearchDr. Christopher Callahan **

IU Center for Bioethics Dr. Sandra Petronio IU’s General Clinical Research Center

Dr. Munro Peacock*IU’s Cancer Center

Dr. Stephen Williams+ Dr. Hal Broxmeyer+IU Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research

Dr. Brad Doebbling Bowen Research Center

Dr. Terry Zollinger* Dr. Bob SaywellIU’s Diabetes Center

Dr. David Marrero**IU’s Alzheimer Disease Center

Dr. Martin Farlow+ Dr. Mary Austrom +IU Leadership Education in Adolescent Health (LEAH)

Dr. Donald Orr*’**IU Clinical Research Curriculum

Dr. Kurt Kroenke*Rehabilitation Psychology, School of Science (IUPUI)

Dr. Gary Bond*, **Child Psychiatry

Dr. David Dunn**Biostatistics

Dr. Susan M. Perkins*+Clarian Health Partners

Dr. Steven Ivy* Dr. Ora Pescovitz*IU School of Medicine, Children’s Health Services Research

Dr. Nancy Swigonski*

CENTER FOR ENHANCING QOL IN CHRONIC ILLNESS

Institutional Research Training Grant in Health Behavior NursingMary Margaret Walther Program in Oncology CareBehavioral Cooperative Oncology Group

*= formal role/CEQL **= formal role on research training grant

+ = formal role on another research-related committee or project of School of Nursing

Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Formal Links Between Nursing and Other Fields

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Stage IV. DEVELOPMENT OF Stage IV. DEVELOPMENT OF FIELDFIELD

Central Activity: Shaping Central Activity: Shaping profession and health careprofession and health care

Primary Relationship: LeaderPrimary Relationship: Leader

Major Theme: Exercising power of Major Theme: Exercising power of authority and creating a vision authority and creating a vision for the futurefor the future

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DEVELOPMENT OF FIELDDEVELOPMENT OF FIELD

Serve as advisor to regional, Serve as advisor to regional, national, and/or international efforts national, and/or international efforts and organizationsand organizations

Build field’s infrastructure/resourcesBuild field’s infrastructure/resources Work with other fields to achieve Work with other fields to achieve

common goalscommon goals Participate in consensus conferencesParticipate in consensus conferences

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Articulate research agenda of Articulate research agenda of specialty or fieldspecialty or field

Link research to policy formationLink research to policy formation Prepare successor generationsPrepare successor generations Establish reputation/legacy, e.g., new Establish reputation/legacy, e.g., new

programs within a professional programs within a professional associationassociation

Build image of fieldBuild image of field

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Consider whether you will seek Consider whether you will seek positions that go beyond the positions that go beyond the discipline specific, e.g., program discipline specific, e.g., program officer, vice president for researchofficer, vice president for research

Prepare for multidisciplinary Prepare for multidisciplinary leadershipleadership

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Stage V. GADFLY “or Wise Person” Stage V. GADFLY “or Wise Person” STAGESTAGE

Central Activity: Continue to Central Activity: Continue to shape profession and health shape profession and health carecare

Primary Relationship: Advisor, Primary Relationship: Advisor, CoachCoach

Major Theme: Exercising power Major Theme: Exercising power of authority when no longer of authority when no longer constrained by institutional constrained by institutional obligationsobligations

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GADFLY STAGEGADFLY STAGE

Serve as a consultant to regional, Serve as a consultant to regional, national, and/or international efforts national, and/or international efforts and organizationsand organizations

Speak and write Speak and write provocativelyprovocatively about issues of the day, about issues of the day, andand how how issues of the day are embedded in issues of the day are embedded in history of field and of health carehistory of field and of health care

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Function as a wise, affirming Function as a wise, affirming (wo)man, e.g., recommending (wo)man, e.g., recommending colleagues for honors/special colleagues for honors/special experiencesexperiences

Take on special projects that require Take on special projects that require synthesizing skills and high-level synthesizing skills and high-level integrative abilitiesintegrative abilities

Coach the next generation of leadersCoach the next generation of leaders

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Sustaining Career Optimism:Sustaining Career Optimism: Expect failureExpect failure Monitor how you think, particularly your Monitor how you think, particularly your

explanation patternsexplanation patterns Learn the art of reframing: “The bright Learn the art of reframing: “The bright

know what the ideal might look like, so it is know what the ideal might look like, so it is not surprising that they regularly feel not surprising that they regularly feel inadequate in the current situation”inadequate in the current situation”

Build on your strengthsBuild on your strengths Associate with the optimistic Associate with the optimistic See self as an executive property See self as an executive property

deserving to be well maintaineddeserving to be well maintained Manage angerManage anger

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Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts

Leadership in the 21Leadership in the 21stst century will century will involve increased collaboration involve increased collaboration across fieldsacross fields• Publishing in interdisciplinary journalsPublishing in interdisciplinary journals• Leadership positions in interdisciplinary Leadership positions in interdisciplinary

organizationsorganizations• Shared training and developmental Shared training and developmental

opportunitiesopportunities

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For the first time, we truly have the For the first time, we truly have the opportunity to opportunity to build the sciencebuild the science• Developing individuals and Developing individuals and

infrastructure supportsinfrastructure supports• Developing programs and centersDeveloping programs and centers

This will require more collaboration This will require more collaboration across institutionsacross institutions• Consortia arrangementsConsortia arrangements• Synthesizing structuresSynthesizing structures

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Remember that you live each day Remember that you live each day suspended between maximizing your suspended between maximizing your strengths/opportunities and strengths/opportunities and ruminating about your limitations/ ruminating about your limitations/ problems. Focusing on the former problems. Focusing on the former will give you energy; focusing on the will give you energy; focusing on the latter will drain you.latter will drain you.

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