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Let’s begin with a story

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Let’s begin with a story

Alan Turing, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Mind, Volume LIX, Number 236, 1950.

Because the paper is now in the public domain, I have made it available on-line.

Please read this paper for Friday.

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How do you define AI?

You were supposed to write a paper for today? What did you say?

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How others define AI1. "a collection of algorithms that are

computationally tractable, adequate approximations of intractably specified problems" (Partridge, 1991)

2. "the enterprise of constructing a physical symbol system that can reliably pass the Turing Test" (Ginsberg, 1993)

3. "the field of computer science that studies how machines can be made to act intelligently" (Jackson, 1986)

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How others define AI4. "a field of study that encompasses

computational techniques for performing tasks that apparently require intelligence when performed by humans" (Tanimoto, 1990)

5. "a very general investigation of the nature of intelligence and the principles and mechanisms required for understanding or replicating it" (Sharples et al., 1989)

6. "the getting of computers to do things that seem to be intelligent" (Rowe, 1988)

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Defining AI

For most people,  a definition of AI centers around the concept of "intelligence" and some form of the questions: What is intelligence? How can minds work? How do human minds work? Can non-humans have minds?

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Defining AI

These questions weren’t invented by computer scientists. They have puzzled philosophers, biologists

and psychologists for centuries.

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Defining AI

What is intelligence? How can minds work? How do human minds work? Can non-humans have minds?

What is intelligence?

Do the following tasks require intelligence when solved by a human? Brain Teaser Tic Tac Toe Math Puzzle Puzzle Game

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The Travelling Farmer A farmer is travelling with a fox, a goose,

and a sack of grain Wants to cross a river using one canoe Canoe can hold the farmer and one other

item Never leave the fox alone with the goose Never leave the goose alone with the grain Aim: To get all safely across the river

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Missionaries and Cannibals

Three missionaries and three cannibals Want to cross a river using one canoe. Canoe can hold up to two people. Can never be more cannibals than

missionaries on either side of the river. Aim: To get all safely across the river

without any missionaries being eaten. [Variant: 5 and 5 with a canoe that holds

3]

Tic Tac Toe

Traditional

Variation

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Math Puzzle

Ken Ken

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Puzzle Game

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What is intelligence?

Do the following tasks require intelligence when solved by a computer? Brain Teaser Tic Tac Toe Math Puzzle Puzzle Game

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How this course will define AI

Artificial Intelligence is a science that has defined its goal as giving machines the ability to perform tasks that, when performed by humans, require intelligence.  These include the ability to solve problems, make decisions, to learn and to understand.