1. List and describe the 5 elements of a reflex arc.

2. List an example of a reflex.

3. What is the difference between a reflex and a voluntary reaction?

1. Cerebral Hemispheres

2. Diencephalon

3. Brain stem4. Cerebellum

L & R hemispheres Corpus callosum: large fiber tract;

connects 2 hemispheres Lobes: major regions (named for cranial

bones) ParietalParietal, frontalfrontal, occipitaloccipital, temporaltemporal

Gyri (gyrus) = elevated ridges of tissue Sulci (sulcus) = shallow grooves Fissures = deeper grooves, separate large

regions of brain Motor & sensory function: opposite

hemispheres

Grey matter“Executive suite” conscious mind

3 main structures:1.Thalamus: relay station for incoming info2.Hypothalamus:

A. Autonomic control center (heart rate, BP, digestion)B. Emotional response (limbic system)C. Body temperature regulationD. Regulate food intakeE. Sleep-wake cyclesF. Control endocrine system pituitary gland at base

3.Epithalamus: pineal gland (sleep-wake cycle)

Programmed, automatic behaviors for survival

3 regions:1. Midbrain: vision, hearing, reflex2. Pons: breathing3. Medulla oblongata: heart rate, BP, breathing,

swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing

Balance, equilibrium, timing of skeletal muscle activity

Meninges: connective tissue covering CNS structures Dura mater (leathery outer), arachnoid

mater (web-like middle), pia mater (surface of brain)

Meningitis: inflammation of meninges; bacterial or viral infection

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): watery cushion to protect NS from trauma Lumbar (spinal) tap – test for infection,

tumors, multiple sclerosis

Bacterial antibiotics Herpes meningitis antiviral meds IV fluids Prevention: vaccines for bacterial

infections (HiB)

NO: Urea Toxins Proteins White blood cells Bacteria Most drugs

YES: Water Glucose Amino acids Gases Fat-soluble

substances Some drugs:

anesthetics, alcohol, nicotine