1 lunar reconnaissance orbiter (lro) overview 4/13/2005 craig tooley
TRANSCRIPT
1
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Overview
4/13/2005
Craig Tooley
2NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
2008 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)First Step in the Robotic Lunar Exploration
Program
Robotic Lunar Exploration ProgramRobotic Lunar Exploration Program
LRO Objectives
• Characterization of the lunar radiation environment, biological impacts, and potential mitigation. Key aspects of this objective include determining the global radiation environment, investigating the capabilities of potential shielding materials, and validating deep space radiation prototype hardware and software.
• Develop a high resolution global, three dimensional geodetic grid of the Moon and provide the topography necessary for selecting future landing sites.
• Assess in detail the resources and environments of the Moon’s polar regions.
• High spatial resolution assessment of the Moon’s surface addressing elemental composition, mineralogy, and Regolith characteristics
3NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
Develop an understanding of the Moon in support of human exploration (hazards, topography, navigation, environs)
Understand the current state and evolution of the volatiles (ice) and other resources in context
Biological adaptation to lunar environment (radiation, gravitation, dust...)
GEOLOGYGEOLOGY
EnvironsEnvirons
Prepare for Human Exploration
Prepare for Human Exploration
When • Where • Form • Amount
Topography & Environments
Polar Regions
Human adaptation
ICE
(R
esou
rces
)
LRO Mission OverviewScience and Exploration Objectives
4NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission
LRO Payload
• Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Measurement Investigation – LOLA will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes and search for polar ices in shadowed regions.
• Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) – LROC will acquire targeted images of the lunar surface capable of resolving small-scale features that could be landing site hazards, as well as wide-angle images at multiple wavelengths of the lunar poles to document changing illumination conditions and potential resources.
• Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) – LEND will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice and provide measurements of the space radiation environment which can be useful for future human exploration.
• Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment – Diviner will map the temperature of the entire lunar surface at 300 meter horizontal scales to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits.
• Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) – LAMP will observe the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ices and frosts in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight.
• Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) – CRaTER will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation.
LRO Conceptual Design
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
4/6 FBO
6/18AO Release
12/22AO Select
7/15 PDR 10/15Confirm
6/15 CDR 10/15InstrumentDelivery
10/15 LRD4/2 MOR
12/3 PER 7/15 MRR
LRO Timeline2009
11/15 EOM
ExtendedMission
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
4/6 FBO
6/18AO Release
12/22AO Select
7/15 PDR 10/15Confirm
6/15 CDR 10/15InstrumentDelivery
10/15 LRD4/2 MOR
12/3 PER 7/15 MRR
LRO Timeline20092009
11/15 EOM
ExtendedMission
5NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
LRO Mission OverviewLRO Payload – Instruments & Data Products
1000’s of 50cm/pixel images (125km2), and entire Moon at 100m in UV, Visible
Landing hazards and
some resources
LROC
~50 m scale polar topography at < 1 m vertical, roughness
Precision, safe navigation (3D)
LOLA
Maps of water ice in upper 1 m of Moon at
5km scales
Ice in regolithdown to 1 m ?
LEND
Maps of frosts in permanently
shadowed areas, etc.
Frosts? “atmosphere”?
LAMP
300m scale maps of Temperature, surface
ice, rocks
Surface temperatures
Diviner
Tissue equivalent response to radiation
Shielding constraints
CRaTER
DeliverablesBenefitInstrument
1000’s of 50cm/pixel images (125km2), and entire Moon at 100m in UV, Visible
Landing hazards and
some resources
LROC
~50 m scale polar topography at < 1 m vertical, roughness
Precision, safe navigation (3D)
LOLA
Maps of water ice in upper 1 m of Moon at
5km scales
Ice in regolithdown to 1 m ?
LEND
Maps of frosts in permanently
shadowed areas, etc.
Frosts? “atmosphere”?
LAMP
300m scale maps of Temperature, surface
ice, rocks
Surface temperatures
Diviner
Tissue equivalent response to radiation
Shielding constraints
CRaTER
DeliverablesBenefitInstrument
(BU+MIT)
(UCLA)
(SWRI)
(Russia)
(GSFC)
(NWU+MSSS)
6NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
LRO Addresses National Academy Science Priorities for the Moon (NRC Decadal, 2002)
NRC Priority Investigation NRC approach How LRO treats
Geodetic Topography(crustal evolution)
Altimetry from orbit (with
precision orbits)
Global geodetic topography at ~100m
scales (< 1m rms)
Local Geologic StudiesIn 3D (geol. Evolution)
Imaging, topography (at m
scales)
Sub-meter scale imaging with derived
local topography
Polar VolatileInventory
Spectroscopy and other from orbit
Neutron and IR spectroscopy in 3D
context + UV (frosts)
Geophysical Network(interior evolution)
In situ landed stations with
seismometers
Crustal structure to optimize siting and
landing safety
Global Mineralogical Mapping (crustal evolution)
Orbital hyperspectral
mapping
100m scale multispectral and 5km
scale H mapping
Targeted Studies to Calibrate Impact Flux(chronology)
Imaging and in situ
geochronology
Sub-meter imaging of Apollo sites for flux validation and siting
7NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
LRO Project Initial Evolution
• RLE program and LRO project came into existence at GSFC nearly simultaneously with the ORDT held in March 2004.
– ORDT defined prioritized exploration supporting measurements sets that became the basis of the payload AO
• Primary focus during Spring and Summer 2004 was performing technical definition necessary to release the AO and beginning the technical trade studies to define the mission.
– Core spacecraft technical team brought on-board (part time) to develop enveloping requirements based on ORDT strawman payloads
– Skeleton Program and Project infrastructure put in place
• During the Fall of 2004 the project and technical staffing began to ramp up as key conceptual studies were conducted.
– Draft LRO requirements flowed down from NASA ESMD/SMD to be definitized based on the selected payload.
• Instrument payload selected December 22, 2004.– GSFC authorizing instrument development pre-contract cost expenditures beginning the
week of January 10th . Phase A/B contracts to be in place within 60 days.– Kick-off meeting held at GSFC January 12-14 th
• Mission PDR planned for July 27, 2005
8NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
• Launch on a Delta II class rocket into a direct insertion trajectory to the moon.
• On-board propulsion system used to capture at the moon, insert into and maintain 50 km altitude circular polar reconnaissance orbit.
• 1 year mission• Orbiter is a 3-axis stabilized, nadir
pointed spacecraft designed to operate continuously during the primary mission.
• LRO is designed to be capable of performing an extended mission of up to 4 additional years in a low maintenance orbit.
LRO Mission OverviewFlight Plan – Direct using 3-Stage ELV
Solar Rotating Coordinates
Earth
Moon at encounter
Cis-lunar transfer5.1978 day transferLaunch C3 –2.07 km2/s2
1-dayLunar Orbit
Sun direction
Nominal Cis-lunar Trajectory
Cis-Lunar Transfer
12-hour orbit
6-hour orbit
100 and 50kmmission orbits
Insertion and CircularizationImpulsive Vs (m/s)
1 – 344.242 – 113.063 – 383.914 – 11.455 – 12.18
9NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
LRO Mission OverviewOrbiter
Space Segment Design
LRO Preliminary Configuration
Preliminary System Block Diagram
SOLAR ARRAY
HGA
INSTRUMENTS
SERVICE MODULE
Preliminary LRO Characteristics
Mass 1257 kg
Power ( bus orbit ave.) 600 W
Measurement Data Volume
575 Gb/dayLRO SystemsBlock Diagram
3-22-05
________________Approved
S-Xpndr
Ka-XmtrHGAHi-Rate
Tlm
Low-RateCmds & Tlm
Battery
PP
Propellant TankPropellant Tank
PP
RRRR
NCNCPressurantTank
PPNCNC
Pro
pu
lsion
PP
Propellant TankPropellant Tank
PP
RRRR
NCNCPressurantTank
PPNCNC
Pro
pu
lsion
Discretes
MIL-STD-1553 Network
SBC
Thermal
HK / IO
SSR
C&DH
Comm
Po
wer B
us
ST(2)
IMU
CSS(8)
LAMP
LROC
LOLA
LAMP Sci. & HK
LVPC
HGAGimbals
PSE
SAM
Sw. andUnsw.
+28V PwrServices
OM
PMC
OM
OM
Gimbal Ctl
Prop/Dep-A
Prop/Dep-B
Prop/Dep-C
Prop/Dep-D
Gimbal CtlPDE
SA & HGDeploy
Actuation
Omnis
IRW(4)
ThermistorsClosed Loop HtrsHeat Pump LoopC&DH LVPC HK
SpaceWireNetwork
LEND
Diviner
CRaTER
H/W DecodedCommandDiscretes
Unsw. + 28V
SAGimbals
Solar Array
SAGimbals
Solar ArraySolar Array
Power Management Controller
PMC
Power System ElectronicsPSE
Solar ArraySA
Solar Array ModuleSAM
Star TrackerST
Single Board ComputerSBC
Solid State RecorderSSR
TransmitterXmtr
TransponderXpndr
Propulsion Deployable Electronics
PDE
Output ModuleOM
Low Voltage Power Converter
LVPC
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera
LROC
Lunar Orbiter Laser AltimeterLOLA
Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector
LEND
Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project
LAMP
Integrated Reaction WheelIRW
Integrated Momentum UnitIMU
Input/OutputIO
HousekeepingHK
HardwareH/W
High-Gain AntennaHGA
Engine Valve DriverEVD
Coarse Sun SensorCSS
Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation
CRaTER
CommunicationsComm
Command & Data HandlingC&DH
Power Management Controller
PMC
Power System ElectronicsPSE
Solar ArraySA
Solar Array ModuleSAM
Star TrackerST
Single Board ComputerSBC
Solid State RecorderSSR
TransmitterXmtr
TransponderXpndr
Propulsion Deployable Electronics
PDE
Output ModuleOM
Low Voltage Power Converter
LVPC
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera
LROC
Lunar Orbiter Laser AltimeterLOLA
Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector
LEND
Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project
LAMP
Integrated Reaction WheelIRW
Integrated Momentum UnitIMU
Input/OutputIO
HousekeepingHK
HardwareH/W
High-Gain AntennaHGA
Engine Valve DriverEVD
Coarse Sun SensorCSS
Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation
CRaTER
CommunicationsComm
Command & Data HandlingC&DH
10NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
• LRO Ground System and Mission Operations concepts are established
LRO Mission Overview Ground System
LRO Operations Synopsis •3x 45 min of Ka-band downlink/day• Near continuous S-band Tracking 30min/orbit (near-side) • Plan 1 command upload/day• Orbit adjust required every ~ 4 weeks• MOC routes Level 0 data to PI SOCs
• SOCs deliver to PDS• MOC maintains short term archive
Ground Network
S-Band Station Ka-Band Station
Net
wor
k
S-Band Telemetry
LRO R-TCommands
S-Band TrackingData
Ka-BandScience
Data
CFDPStatus
Information/Ack
Mission Operations Center(GSFC)
Real-TimeTelemetry &
Control
Level – 0Data
Processing
Trending Operations
Mission Planning
Data Storage
Flight Dynamics (GSFC)
Attitude
Orbit
Navigation
S-Band Tracking Data
Data Distribution
System
Flight DynamicsProducts
SpacecraftData
S-Band Telemetry
Ka-Band ScienceData
S-Band Commands
CFDP Status Information/Ack
InstrumentScienceCenters
Level-0 ScienceData
Science PlanningProducts
Level – 0 ScienceData
Science Planning Products
Planetary Data System(Geosciences Node)
Processed ScienceProducts
Processed Science Products
LRO Ground Data System Architecture
Ø LRO Ka-Band D/L: 125 MbpsØ LRO S-Band D/L: 100 kbps / 100 kbpsØ S-Band Data includes R-T HSK Data Ø Ka-Band Data includes all Science data packets and
stored HSKØ Plan 1 command upload per dayØ Near continuous tracking 30 min per hour
R/T HSK?
LRO Ground Network Baseline Configuration
• 18m KA/S station at White Sands• 2 X Upgraded S-Band Stations situated for continuous coverage• Additional S-band STDN back-ups
11NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
Developing & Executing the MissionProject Organization
CommunicationJ. Soloff
CommunicationJ. Soloff
MechanicalG. Rosanova
MechanicalG. Rosanova
C&DHQ. Nguyen
C&DHQ. Nguyen
Electrical R. Kinder
Electrical R. Kinder
GN&C Systems
E. Holmes
GN&C Systems
E. Holmes
PropulsionC. Zakrzwski
PropulsionC. Zakrzwski
GN&C HardwareJ. Simspon
GN&C HardwareJ. Simspon
ACS AnalysisJ. Garrick
ACS AnalysisJ. Garrick
Flight DynamicsM. Beckman
D. Folta
Flight DynamicsM. Beckman
D. Folta
PowerT. Spitzer
PowerT. Spitzer
SoftwareM. Blau
SoftwareM. Blau
500500500 500500500500 500 500 500 500
ThermalC. Baker
ThermalC. Baker
500
CommunicationJ. Soloff
CommunicationJ. Soloff
MechanicalG. Rosanova
MechanicalG. Rosanova
C&DHQ. Nguyen
C&DHQ. Nguyen
Electrical R. Kinder
Electrical R. Kinder
GN&C Systems
E. Holmes
GN&C Systems
E. Holmes
PropulsionC. Zakrzwski
PropulsionC. Zakrzwski
GN&C HardwareJ. Simspon
GN&C HardwareJ. Simspon
ACS AnalysisJ. Garrick
ACS AnalysisJ. Garrick
Flight DynamicsM. Beckman
D. Folta
Flight DynamicsM. Beckman
D. Folta
PowerT. Spitzer
PowerT. Spitzer
SoftwareM. Blau
SoftwareM. Blau
500500500 500500500500 500 500 500 500
ThermalC. Baker
ThermalC. Baker
500
GDSR. Saylor
GDSR. Saylor
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
Project MangerC. Tooley
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
Project MangerC. Tooley
400
Procurement Manager
TBD
Contracting OfficerJulie Janus
Procurement Manager
TBD
Contracting OfficerJulie Janus
Systems Assurance ManagerR. Kolecki
Safety ManagerD. Bogart
Manufacturing Engineer
N. Virmani
Materials EngineerP. Joy
Systems Assurance ManagerR. Kolecki
Safety ManagerD. Bogart
Manufacturing Engineer
N. Virmani
Materials EngineerP. Joy
Program DPM(s)/Resources
TBD
Program Financial Manager(s)W. Sluder
Program Resource Analyst(s)
TBD
Program DPM(s)/Resources
TBD
Program Financial Manager(s)W. Sluder
Program Resource Analyst(s)
TBD
Program Support Manager
K. Opperhauser
Program Support Specialist(s)
Program Support Manager
K. Opperhauser
Program Support Specialist(s)
Operations System EngineerR. Saylor
Operations System EngineerR. Saylor
I&T Systems EngineerJ. Baker
I&T Systems EngineerJ. Baker
Payload Systems ManagerA. Bartels
Payload Systems ManagerA. Bartels
Ground Segment Manager
R. Schweiss
Ground Segment Manager
R. Schweiss
Launch Vehicle ManagerT. Jones
Launch Vehicle ManagerT. Jones400 400 400
400
500
200
500
CMD. Yoder
SchedulingA. Eaker
DM
MIS
500
500
Matrixed from Program
LRO Mission Systems Engineer
TBD
LRO Mission Systems Engineer
TBD
Instrument Systems Engineer
J. Baker
Instrument Systems Engineer
J. Baker
General BusinessK. Yoder
Mission FlightEngineer
M. Houghton
Avionics SystemsEngineerP. Luers
CRaTERD. Spence
CRaTERD. Spence
DivinerD. Paige
DivinerD. Paige
LROCM. Robinson
LROCM. Robinson
LAMP S. Stern
LAMP S. Stern
LENDI. Mitrofanov
LENDI. Mitrofanov
LOLAD. Smith
LOLAD. Smith
SWRINorthwester Univ.UCLA GSFCISR, MoscowBoston Univ.
500
500
300
300 400
400
500
500
LRO Project ScientistG. Chin
LRO Project ScientistG. Chin 600
Spacecraft Systems Engineer
M. Pryzby
Spacecraft Systems Engineer
M. Pryzby
Software/Hardware Systems Engineer
C. Wildermann
Software/Hardware Systems Engineer
C. Wildermann 500
500
300
12NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
LRO Mission Schedule
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1/5/05
LRO Mission Schedule
Task
LRO Mission Milestones
Mission Feasibility Definition
Payload Proposal Development
Payload Preliminary Design
System Definition
S/C &GDS/OPS Preliminary Design
Payload Design (Final)
Spacecraft Design (Final)
GDS/OPS Definition/ Design
Payload Fab/Assy/Test
S/C Fab/Assy/Bus Test
GDS/OPS DevelopmentImplemention & Test
Integration and Test
Launch Site Operations
Mission Operations
AO Sel.
IARs IPDR
PDR
Confirmation
ICDR
CDR
MOR
IPSR
PER
FOR/ORR
MRR
PSR
LRR
LRO Launch
Network Acquisition
Payload complete (Final Delivery to I&T)
S/C complete (Final delivery to I&T)
GND Net Test Ready
Ship to KSC
LRO LAUNCH
AO Release
(1M Float)
S/C Bus
s/c subsys
GDS
s/c subsys
s/csubsys
Payload(1M Float)
(1M Float)
Ver. 0.3
(1M Float)
Key Near Term Events • Project SRR/IAR – April 27-28, 2005• Mission Level 1 Baseline – Late May 05• Mission PDR – July 27, 05
•IPDRs during prior month
13NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
What’s Beyond LRO?
Some options…
Beyond LRO?:Exploration of a potential resource:Validation of water iceand in situ biologicalsentinel experiments?
Beyond LRO?:Follow-on to LRO, filling key gaps, including regolith characterization in 3D, far-side gravity, landing site hazards, Telecomm. infrastructure?
Beyond LRO?: potential lunarexperiment returns and demos?