1 macromolecules copyright cmassengale. 2 homeostasis keeping the internal environment of the cell...
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MacromolecMacromoleculesules
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Homeostasis
• Keeping The Internal Environment Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life
• Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.
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Organic Organic CompoundsCompounds
• CompoundsCompounds that contain CARBONCARBON are called…..
• MacromoleculesMacromolecules are large organic moleculesorganic molecules.
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MacromoleculesMacromoleculesor Biomoleculesor Biomolecules
• Large organic molecules.Large organic molecules.• Also called POLYMERSPOLYMERS.• Made up of smaller “building
blocks” called MONOMERSMONOMERS.• Examples:Examples:
1. Carbohydrates1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids2. Lipids3. Proteins3. Proteins4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
• Function: Primary Source of Function: Primary Source of EnergyEnergy
• Our bodies use sugar like Our bodies use sugar like fuel (energy)fuel (energy)
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
MonomerMonomer
Monosaccharide: one sugar unitMonosaccharide: one sugar unit
Examples:Examples: glucose (glucose (C6H12O6)
glucoseglucose
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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesDisaccharide: two sugar unitDisaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples: Examples: – Sucrose (glucose+fructose)Sucrose (glucose+fructose)– Lactose (glucose+galactose)Lactose (glucose+galactose)– Maltose (glucose+glucose)Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesPolysaccharide: many sugar unitsPolysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples:Examples: starch (bread, starch (bread, potatoes)potatoes)
glycogen (beef glycogen (beef muscle)muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, cellulose (lettuce, corn)corn)
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
cellulosecellulose
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LipidsLipids• are not soluble in waternot soluble in water.• Remember:Remember: “stores the most “stores the most
energy”energy”• Examples:Examples: 1. Fats1. Fats
2. Phospholipids2. Phospholipids3. Oils3. Oils4. Waxes4. Waxes
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LipidsLipids
ElementsElements--CCarbon, arbon, HHydrogen, ydrogen, OOxygen CHOxygen CHO
Main Function of lipids:Main Function of lipids:
Long term Long term energy energy storagestorage
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Monomer of LipidsMonomer of LipidsTriglycerides:Triglycerides:
ccomposed of 1 glycerol1 glycerol and 3 3 fatty acidsfatty acids.
H
H-C----O
H-C----O
H-C----O
H
glycerol
O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
=
fatty acids
O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
=
O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2 -CH
2 -CH2 -CH
2 -CH3
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Proteins Proteins (Polypeptides)(Polypeptides)
Elements-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
-functions:-functions:
--Transport: Transport: hemoglobinhemoglobin-Movement:-Movement: musclesmuscles-Structural:-Structural: membranes, hair, nailsmembranes, hair, nails-Enzymes:-Enzymes: cellular reactionscellular reactions
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Monomer of Proteins
Amino acids-bonded together by peptide peptide bonds (straight chains)bonds (straight chains)
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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
Function: Function: – Contain all Heredity (Genetic) Contain all Heredity (Genetic)
MaterialMaterial
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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
Monomer: Monomer: – NucleotidesNucleotides
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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
Monomer: Monomer: – NucleotidesNucleotides
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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids• Two types:Two types:
a.DNAa.DNAb.RNAb.RNA
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HypothesisA testable statement that begins an experiment
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BiologyThe study of life
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SolventDoes the dissolving
ex. Water
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SoluteWhat is being disolved
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SolutionA mixture of two or more substances
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EnzymesAre proteinsAre catalystsWork best at certain temperatures and pH
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CatalystSpeeds up chemical reactions
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Decrease• Enzymes _____ the amount of energy
needed
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Cohesive/surface tension• Spiders can walk on water because water
is
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