1 mm 1 cm 0.1 m 1 m 10 m 100 m

redwoods

hummingbirds humans

frog eggs

light microscopes

human eye, no microscope

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smallmolecules

proteins

lipids bacteriophages

mitochondria, chloroplasts

most bacteria

most animal cells and plant cells

0.1 nm 1 nm 10 nm 100 nm 1 µm 10 µm 100 µm 1 mm

electron microscopes

light microscopes

Impacts, Issues

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Rickettsia prowazekii

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In-text FigurePage 51

Bacterial cell (prokaryotic)

DNA

plasmamembrane

cytoplasm

Animal cell (eukaryotic)

DNA innucleus

plasmamembrane

cytoplasm

Plant cell (eukaryotic)

DNA innucleus

plasma membrane

cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton

0.5 1.0 1.5

0.79

0.06

3.14 7.07

0.52 1.77

Diameter (cm):

Surface area (cm2):

Volume (cm3):

Surface- to-volume ratio:

13.17:1 6.04:1 3.99:1

Cells are Factories

nuclear envelopenucleolusDNA in nucleoplasm

Nucleus:

rough ER

smooth ER

Golgi body

lysosome plasma membrane

centrioles

mitochondrion

Cytoskeleton:

microtubules microfilaments

intermediatefilaments

lipid bilayer

fluid

fluid

one layerof lipids

one layerof lipids

Fluid Mosaic Model

adhesionprotein

communicationprotein

active transporters

passivetransporter

receptor protein

recognition protein

Transport Proteins

Nucleus

DNA

infolding ofplasma membrane

Figure 3.9a-cPage 46

chromatin nucleolus

pore

nuclearenvelope(two lipidbilayers)

ribosome vesiclecytoplasm

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smooth ER channel, cross-section budding vesicle plasma membrane

Golgi and ER

outercompartment

innercompartment

outer membrane inner membrane

repeated foldings of inner membrane (cristae)

Figure 3.10(2)Page 48

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cell wall chloroplast central vacuole

nuclear envelopenucleolusDNA in nucleoplasm

Nucleus:

rough ER

smooth ER

Golgi body

lysosome-like vesicle

plasma membrane

plasmodesma

mitochondrion

Cytoskeleton:

microtubules microfilaments

thylakoids

stroma

two outer membranes