1 mobile services cellular networks spectrum the structure of the industry second & third...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mobile Services
• Cellular networks
• Spectrum
• The structure of the industry
• Second & third generation networks
• Handhelds
• M-Commerce
2
Pre-cellular Mobile Service
3
1984Cellular Service
2 Carriers/market
1994 PCS AuctionsEntry of Competitors
AT&T WirelessSprint, T-Mobile predecessors
Late 1990sConsolidation & Growth
Sprint Nextel, AT&T/CingularVerizon Wireless/Vodafone
Wireless MilestonesIn the U.S.
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Cellular’s Additional Capacity
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Spectrum
• What is it?
• Wavelength
• Allocation– Licensed– Unlicensed
• Harmonization
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Connections Between Mobile & Landline Networks
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2nd Generation Wireless Services
TDMA GSM CDMA Frequency
PCS X X X 1.7 GHz*1.8 GHz*1.9 GHz* USA
AMPSAnalog
824 to 849 MHz**869 to 894 MHz
DigitalService
X X X 824 to 849 MHz**869 to 894 MHz
Nextel X800-900 Mhz**
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SS7 & Registers - Tracking Users
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Third Generation Cellular
• WCDMA– GSM & TDMA– Evolution via:
• GPRS (General Packet radio services)• EDGE (Enhanced data rates for GSM)• HSDPA (High speed uplink packet access)
• CDMA2000– 1x– 1xEV-DO– Rev A
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U.S. Carriers
• GSM evolving to WCDMA– Cingular Wireless
– T-Mobile
• CDMA2000 1X & EV-DO– Verizon Wireless
– Sprint Nextel• iDEN
• Trialing WiMAX
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Third generation network architecture - 3GPPfor WCDMA
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Nextel’s Nationwide Push-to-talk Service
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What Issues are Carriers Facing?
• $$$
• Roaming
• Capacity
• Billing
• New Applications
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What do Customers Want?
• Voice– Quality– Pricing– Coverage
• Features
• Data
• Video
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Third GenerationEconomics
New Handsets Denser base station coverage $$$ for licenses Will companies pay for high-speed data? Will consumers?
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Figure 8.6Kodiak push-to-talk between cellular networks. Figure courtesy of Kodiak Networks.
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Handhelds
• Triple mode– WCDMA
– GSM
– GPRS
• Multi-band– 800 megahertz (MHz)
– 1.8 gigahertz (GHz)
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Handheld Capabilities
• Ring tones• Cameras• Video & games• Battery life• Differentiators• Subsidies
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Advanced Applications & M-commerce
• Pay by phone
• Multi-media
• Internet access
• Remote Access to Enterprise applications
• Challenges– Spam– Security
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Mobile Services Summary
• The Significance of cellular service
• Differences between 2nd & 3rd Generation Service
• Impact of governments’ spectrum policies
• Handhelds & user experiences