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NETE4631Network Information Systems :

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Lecture Notes #2

Recap - Network Information Systems (NIS) NIS is an information system for

managing networks. Examples

Grid-based application telecommunications network Mail services, www Cloud-based application

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Transformation of Data to information

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Feedback

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What is Cloud Computing? “Cloud computing is a model for enabling

convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” (A definition by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST))

Some of the characteristics Distributed computing at a massive scale On demand elasticity Exploiting existing technologies (Grid, Utility,

Virtualization) Pay per use model Driven by economies of scale

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Market Forecast

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Main Aspects of a Cloud System

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What is different? Scale -Some companies that rely on

cloud computing have infrastructures that scale over several (or more) data centers, Amazon & YouTube

Simplicity –simpler computing APIs Pricing –pay as you use and No upfront

capital expenditure –from investment to operational cost

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What is different? (2)

Availability of infinite computing resources on demand to follow the load surges; eliminating the need for planning far ahead for provisioning

No requirements for an up-front commitment and enabling companies to start small and increase resources only when the need increases

The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as needed (for example, processors by the hour and storage by the day) and release them as needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they are no longer useful.

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Cloud Characteristics

Non-Functional Aspects Elasticity –Horizontal and vertical scalability,

middleware capable of automatic integration and extraction of extra resources when required.

Reliability -No loss of data, no code reset during execution etc.

Quality of Service -Specific requirements MUST be met by the service provider, e.g., response time, throughput etc.

Agility and adaptation –meeting the requirements of new or different resources on the fly

Availability of services and data –masking failures

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Cloud Characteristics

Economic Aspects Cost reduction –Reducing the cost for

infrastructure acquisition and maintenance Improved time to market –Imperative for

SMEs. Larger enterprises can publish new capabilities with little overhead to remain competitive.

Return on investment –Essential but not guaranteed

Turning CAPEX into OPEX –from capital cost to operation cost model

Going Green –Reducing the energy consumption of unused resources –scaling up should also consider the carbon footprint

Service and Deployment Models

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Common Elements of a Cloud

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Is Cloud Computing for Me?

For end users Cost reduction: From capital investment to

operational expense (pay-per-use) Ease of use via standardized mechanisms, e.g.

Browser Flexibility and short time-to-result

Services providers Reduction of the entrance barrier Reduction of time to market

Private Cloud Maximize the utilisation of computing resources Minimize operational costs and the organisation

keeps full control of its data centres

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Benefits of Cloud Computing On-demand self-service Broad network access Resource pooling Rapid elasticity Measured service Lower costs Ease of utilization Quality of Service Reliability Outsourced IT management Simplified maintenance and upgrade Low barrier to entry

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Some of the Challenges!!! Security

Would my data be more secure with Cloud provider? Interoperability

Significant risk of vendor lock-in –Standardized interfaces not available, incompatible programming models

Reliability Use of commodity hardware, prone to failure ...Cloud 2.0

Laws and regulations Privacy, security, and location of data storage

Organizational changes Changing authorities of IT departments, compliance policies

Cost Purchase vs. Lease, migration cost, models to design capital and operational budgets, cost of cloud

providers

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Some Public Cloud Providers

Amazon Google Azure Service Platform Salesfoce.com (CRM systems)

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Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) –Virtual machines and CPU cycles

Simple Storage Service (S3) –Virtual storage service

Simple Queue Service (SQS) –Message passing API

SimpleDB–Running queries on structured data in real time –works with EC2 and S3

Google App Engine

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Windows Azure

Windows Azure –Service hosting and management, storage, computation, networking

Microsoft SQL Services –Database services and reporting

Microsoft .NetServices –Service-based implementation of .NET framework

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A Comparative

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References

Armbrust, M., et al., 2010, A View of Cloud Computing, ACM, 53(4), pp. 50-58.

Zhang, Q., Cheng, L., Boutaba, R., Cloud Coomputing: state-of-the-art and research challenges, Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 2010, 1:7-18.

The Future of Cloud Computing: Opportunities for European Cloud Computing Beyond 2010.

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Exercise

Put some NISs in your company as well as their characteristics (Application support, input, processing, output) into Levels of management below.

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Characteristics of each level of management support

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THANK YOU!!!!!

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