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Nomenclature revisitedNomenclature revisited

No more than 5 mins or so on this From yesterday and subsequent feedback it is clear that From yesterday and subsequent feedback it is clear that

many here are:many here are:– Keen to take this opportunity to try to progress this Keen to take this opportunity to try to progress this

vexing problem vexing problem – Keen to avoid foreign telephone numbersKeen to avoid foreign telephone numbers– Like the idea of simplicityLike the idea of simplicity– Appreciate the need to identify objects as PN Appreciate the need to identify objects as PN

associated with a particular galaxyassociated with a particular galaxy It would be GREAT to take something away from It would be GREAT to take something away from

this meetingthis meeting

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AssumptionsAssumptions

Let us assume any host galaxy will ALWAYS have a Let us assume any host galaxy will ALWAYS have a name (even if we have to make up a new one)name (even if we have to make up a new one)

Let us assume that any object can also have an alternative Let us assume that any object can also have an alternative name associated with a given project or team – after all name associated with a given project or team – after all egos need to be catered foregos need to be catered for

BUT each object ALSO adheres to OUR new Universal BUT each object ALSO adheres to OUR new Universal PN Locator (UPL) for extragalactic PNPN Locator (UPL) for extragalactic PN

Let us assume that the CDS will be happy with our Let us assume that the CDS will be happy with our preferred new UPL nomenclaturepreferred new UPL nomenclature

As usual the devil is in the detail…As usual the devil is in the detail…

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ProblemsProblems

Objects subsequently identified as Objects subsequently identified as contaminantscontaminants– In a numbered scheme 1-n a removed object In a numbered scheme 1-n a removed object

`m’ will leave a gap in what may been a nice `m’ will leave a gap in what may been a nice ordered sequenceordered sequence

– It does’nt matter!It does’nt matter!– Even in commercial data-bases such gaps are Even in commercial data-bases such gaps are

quite acceptable and commonquite acceptable and common

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Problem #2 Intracluster PNProblem #2 Intracluster PN

How do we name them?How do we name them? Some suggestionsSome suggestions

– Attach them to closest named galaxyAttach them to closest named galaxy– Include additional `IC’ to PN e.g.Include additional `IC’ to PN e.g.– PNIC-NGC7793-2415 or PN-ICNGC7793-2415PNIC-NGC7793-2415 or PN-ICNGC7793-2415– Just have PN-NGC7793-2415Just have PN-NGC7793-2415– Include the constellation in the name instead of a galaxy?Include the constellation in the name instead of a galaxy?– Where does a galaxy end and intergalactic medium Where does a galaxy end and intergalactic medium

begin?begin?– Note any IC PN associated with free-floating GC’s or Note any IC PN associated with free-floating GC’s or

whatever would still work IF assume GC’s have a namewhatever would still work IF assume GC’s have a name

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Problem #3 special casesProblem #3 special cases

They always crop up!They always crop up! We will not satisfy everyone with ANY adopted We will not satisfy everyone with ANY adopted

systemsystem There is probably no perfect schemeThere is probably no perfect scheme If we are 90% there that would be a result.If we are 90% there that would be a result. So…………???So…………??? PN-M31-1 to PN-M31-2786 or PN-M31-1 to PN-M31-2786 or PN GM31JHHMMSSss(s)+/-DDMMSSs(s)PN GM31JHHMMSSss(s)+/-DDMMSSs(s) Or something else?Or something else? We can decideWe can decide

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Observational challengesObservational challenges

Q.A.Parker (Macquarie University/AAO)Q.A.Parker (Macquarie University/AAO)

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The discussion….The discussion…. Just a brief (relatively), simple pre-amble to get the Just a brief (relatively), simple pre-amble to get the

discussion goingdiscussion going In fact at this stage I rather like the idea of somewhat In fact at this stage I rather like the idea of somewhat

chaotic (not too chaotic) discussion chaotic (not too chaotic) discussion Let’s see what might emerge before we settle down Let’s see what might emerge before we settle down

and consider more specific questions on Friday and consider more specific questions on Friday during Dick’s afternoon discussion session…..during Dick’s afternoon discussion session…..

So lets use this time to frame some questions for So lets use this time to frame some questions for tomorrow and I’ll show some specific prepared tomorrow and I’ll show some specific prepared questions from Dick at the endquestions from Dick at the end

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Fainter, Finer, Further, FasterFainter, Finer, Further, FasterFull coverage & FeoryFull coverage & Feory

Technology

Fainter

Finer

FurtherFaster

Full coverage

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Basic scienceBasic science

PNLF as standard candlePNLF as standard candle PN as Dynamical tracersPN as Dynamical tracers PN as laboratories of nebula physics and PN as laboratories of nebula physics and

comparison with theorycomparison with theory Abundance variations and gradients within and Abundance variations and gradients within and

between stellar systemsbetween stellar systems Stellar evolution of low & intermediate mass starsStellar evolution of low & intermediate mass stars PN-ISM interactionPN-ISM interaction And plenty of other stuff!And plenty of other stuff!

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TechnologyTechnology This both dictates and limits what we can observationally This both dictates and limits what we can observationally

achieve at any given epoch and in any wavelength domainachieve at any given epoch and in any wavelength domain It is at the HUB of the challenge wheelIt is at the HUB of the challenge wheel It creates the spokes which enable us to tackle all these issuesIt creates the spokes which enable us to tackle all these issues Q: Are we driving it or is it driving us?Q: Are we driving it or is it driving us?

– Can we influence design/instrumentation to suit our needs?Can we influence design/instrumentation to suit our needs? What route are we taking on the science road?What route are we taking on the science road? This depends on who is behind the wheel and the quality of This depends on who is behind the wheel and the quality of

the map!the map! This discussion is about trying to get a good map!This discussion is about trying to get a good map! Of course there are many drivers, in different cars some in the Of course there are many drivers, in different cars some in the

same race some on a totally different route altogether!same race some on a totally different route altogether!

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TechnologyTechnology Larger/multi aperture telescopes of all kindsLarger/multi aperture telescopes of all kinds Multi-wavelength capabilities from earth and Multi-wavelength capabilities from earth and

space UV/Opt/IR/radiospace UV/Opt/IR/radio Higher resolution capabilitiesHigher resolution capabilities More efficient/powerful detectors, spectrographs, More efficient/powerful detectors, spectrographs,

interferometersinterferometers Fibre/IFU/multi-slit technologies combined with Fibre/IFU/multi-slit technologies combined with

narrow band capabilities, innovative techniques narrow band capabilities, innovative techniques (e.g. nod and shuffle, tunable filters)(e.g. nod and shuffle, tunable filters)

The next big thing we have’nt thought of yet!The next big thing we have’nt thought of yet!

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The Planetary Nebula The Planetary Nebula SpectrographSpectrograph

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Do we want more of these?Do we want more of these?

More with better resolution and wavelength More with better resolution and wavelength coverage?coverage?

What about tunable filters that can rapidly image a What about tunable filters that can rapidly image a series of diagnostic nebular lines over a wide field series of diagnostic nebular lines over a wide field at a given redshift that can then be phased through at a given redshift that can then be phased through the entire depth of a cluster….the entire depth of a cluster….

TTF on the AAT was a start but although a TTF on the AAT was a start but although a powerful and unique capability it has been de-powerful and unique capability it has been de-commissionedcommissioned

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The observational challenge….The observational challenge….

AIM: To be able to obtain for external PN the kinds of AIM: To be able to obtain for external PN the kinds of observational detail we find in our own Galaxy:observational detail we find in our own Galaxy:

– High S/N, high resolution spectra permitting accurate High S/N, high resolution spectra permitting accurate nebular parameters to be determined across a wide nebular parameters to be determined across a wide wavelength rangewavelength range

– Accurate radial velocities/expansion velocitiesAccurate radial velocities/expansion velocities

– High quality imaging (in lines) across a wide High quality imaging (in lines) across a wide wavelength regime – data-cubeswavelength regime – data-cubes

– Fine tune theory/models with detailed observations of Fine tune theory/models with detailed observations of diverse PN populations in widely different diverse PN populations in widely different environmentsenvironments

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SpecificsSpecifics

Optical: IFU’s, FLAMES, GIRAFFE, 2dF etcOptical: IFU’s, FLAMES, GIRAFFE, 2dF etc Active and Adaptive optics (optical/NIR)Active and Adaptive optics (optical/NIR) New facilities: Spitzer, VISIR, CRIRESNew facilities: Spitzer, VISIR, CRIRES Future facilities:SKA, OWL, JWST +++Future facilities:SKA, OWL, JWST +++ Faster computers more powerful, precise and Faster computers more powerful, precise and

sophisticated n-body simulations and sophisticated n-body simulations and photoionisation codes photoionisation codes

What else do we want??What else do we want??

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FainterFainter

IF we simply probe fainter via a combination of IF we simply probe fainter via a combination of LGP, system efficiency gains, AO and exposure LGP, system efficiency gains, AO and exposure times we can:times we can:– Push PNLF to limits is external galaxies at greater Push PNLF to limits is external galaxies at greater

distancedistance– Obtain higher S/N for more useful nebular diagnostic Obtain higher S/N for more useful nebular diagnostic

lines in our own galaxy, LMC and local group and lines in our own galaxy, LMC and local group and perhaps begin to sample more basic lines in more perhaps begin to sample more basic lines in more distant galaxiesdistant galaxies

– Abundance determinations in systems >10MpcAbundance determinations in systems >10Mpc– Detection of halos, additional morphological features, Detection of halos, additional morphological features,

lower surface brightness PNe…lower surface brightness PNe…

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Fainter………….Fainter………….

ID in PK catalogueID in PK cataloguefollowed up by Acker and removedfollowed up by Acker and removed

New ID due to lobes being seen for first New ID due to lobes being seen for first time - “the Wing-nut” –was a compact time - “the Wing-nut” –was a compact

`point symmetric’ PN….`point symmetric’ PN….

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What you first see isn’t necessarily what you getWhat you first see isn’t necessarily what you get

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Nebula spectroscopyNebula spectroscopy

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Finer ResolutionFiner Resolution

Both in imaging and spectroscopically and Both in imaging and spectroscopically and across wider wavelength domainacross wider wavelength domain

Ability to discriminate finer morphological Ability to discriminate finer morphological detail detail

Measure accurate expansion velocities and Measure accurate expansion velocities and systemic velocities in external systemssystemic velocities in external systems

Reaction interfaces with ISMReaction interfaces with ISM Removal of contaminants in spectra that Removal of contaminants in spectra that

were overlapping in lower res systemswere overlapping in lower res systems

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PNe halosPNe halos

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Faster!Faster! We are truly entering an era of the data avalanche in many We are truly entering an era of the data avalanche in many

branches of sciencebranches of science AVO/Astrogrid initiatives to federate/incorporate/manage AVO/Astrogrid initiatives to federate/incorporate/manage

these massive petabyte catalogues, data points, images etc these massive petabyte catalogues, data points, images etc etcetc

Coupled with vast storage and processing capabilities as Coupled with vast storage and processing capabilities as technology and Moores law allowstechnology and Moores law allows

We need to be able to handle/understand and disseminate We need to be able to handle/understand and disseminate results in a timely fashion and easily relate one sample to results in a timely fashion and easily relate one sample to anotheranother

In the PN field, particularly in the extragalactic domain, we In the PN field, particularly in the extragalactic domain, we will soon have tens of thousands of individual PN crying will soon have tens of thousands of individual PN crying out for further studyout for further study

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Further Further

ProblemsProblems– Extreme faintnessExtreme faintness– Only visible as point sources in all but closest Only visible as point sources in all but closest

neighbours with current technologyneighbours with current technology– ContaminationContamination

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In distant PN we would like to:In distant PN we would like to:

Detect/study Central starsDetect/study Central stars Detect/study Outer halosDetect/study Outer halos Detect highly evolved examplesDetect highly evolved examples Determine PN morphologiesDetermine PN morphologies Determine nebular abundancesDetermine nebular abundances All in increasingly remote galaxiesAll in increasingly remote galaxies

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Some desires picked up from this Some desires picked up from this meetingmeeting

– Badly need better/any spectra of PN candidates Badly need better/any spectra of PN candidates in Intracluster mediumin Intracluster medium

– Also need better simulations to leverage Also need better simulations to leverage observationsobservations

– Want to determine multi-dimensional PNLF’sWant to determine multi-dimensional PNLF’s– Want to detect central stars and directly Want to detect central stars and directly

determine spectral and photometric propertiesdetermine spectral and photometric properties

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A brief `hot of the A brief `hot of the telescope’ presentationtelescope’ presentation

Ortwin GerhardOrtwin Gerhard

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Specific Questions (Dick Shaw)Specific Questions (Dick Shaw)these will be discussed on Friday afternoonthese will be discussed on Friday afternoon

What are the key scientific EGPN questions What are the key scientific EGPN questions to address?to address?

What tools and techniques are needed to What tools and techniques are needed to address them? address them?

Can these issues best be tackled by large Can these issues best be tackled by large collaborations?collaborations?

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Should we aim for:Should we aim for:

Complete census of PN in Local Group to Complete census of PN in Local Group to >5mags below peak L(5007) >5mags below peak L(5007) understand understand origins of PNLF, late type populations, SFHorigins of PNLF, late type populations, SFH

Wide field imaging: FPA with selected Wide field imaging: FPA with selected filters or special imaging spectrographs filters or special imaging spectrographs (e.g. PN.S); IFU’s(e.g. PN.S); IFU’s

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Can we perform:Can we perform:

Morphological studies of complete samples Morphological studies of complete samples of PN in at least 2 local group galaxiesof PN in at least 2 local group galaxies

E.g. via HST/STIS or MCAO on 8m’sE.g. via HST/STIS or MCAO on 8m’s Census of intra-cluster PNe + velocities Census of intra-cluster PNe + velocities

understand galaxy dynamics, IC stellar understand galaxy dynamics, IC stellar populationpopulation

Wide field imaging (FPA) with narrow & Wide field imaging (FPA) with narrow & intermediate-band filtersintermediate-band filters

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SurveysSurveys

Survey for Miras, Carbon stars in nearby Survey for Miras, Carbon stars in nearby galaxiesgalaxies

Synoptic Time-domain surveysSynoptic Time-domain surveys UV spectroscopic surveys of the LG PNe to UV spectroscopic surveys of the LG PNe to

understand C production in late stages of understand C production in late stages of stellar evolution stellar evolution HST/STIS and any HST/STIS and any future UV space mission(s) future UV space mission(s)