1-nov-07 hwaii 2007 -n43-4 1 electronics and trigger developments for the diffractive physics...
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1-Nov-071-Nov-07 Hwaii 2007 -N43-4Hwaii 2007 -N43-4 11
Electronics and Trigger developments for the Diffractive Physics Proposal at 220m from
LHC-ATLAS
By P. Le Dû[email protected]
J.F. Genat1, O. Kepka2 , P. Le Dû, Ch. RoyonFor the RP220 collaboration
1 CNRS/IN2P32 DAPNIA.SPP and Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
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Goals of this presentation
Present the feasibility study, R&D and issues for Present the feasibility study, R&D and issues for the development of detectors to measure protons the development of detectors to measure protons at 220 m from the IP, within low at 220 m from the IP, within low optics at the optics at the LHCLHC
Work associated or/and in collaboration with Work associated or/and in collaboration with – FP420 for the position detector (3D)FP420 for the position detector (3D)
See N18-4 and N20-4See N18-4 and N20-4– UChicago/ANL/FNAL/Saclay/Photonis(Burle) for the ultra UChicago/ANL/FNAL/Saclay/Photonis(Burle) for the ultra
fast timing detector (MCP)fast timing detector (MCP)N06-6 and N18-1 N06-6 and N18-1
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Diffractive physicsDiffractive physicsMain physics aim pp Main physics aim pp pp+ X + + X + pp
Exclusive Higgs Exclusive Higgs Signal over background: Signal over background: ∼∼ 1 if Mass resolution < 1Gev 1 if Mass resolution < 1GevNew physics :SUSY search, New physics :SUSY search, Diffractive top, stop pair productionDiffractive top, stop pair productionQCD studiesQCD studiesPhoton induced interactionsPhoton induced interactions
Objective : reconstruct the M with a precision better than 1 GevObjective : reconstruct the M with a precision better than 1 GevKinematics variable is Kinematics variable is
= fractional momentum losses of the outgoing protons
H
b-jet
b-jet
p p
M2= = = 1 2 S
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High Luminosity 10High Luminosity 103333 to 10 to 103434
Additional signal and flag at the L1 ATLAS TriggerAdditional signal and flag at the L1 ATLAS Trigger
Natural follow-up of the ATLAS luminosity project at 240 m to Natural follow-up of the ATLAS luminosity project at 240 m to measure total cross section measure total cross section
Complementary to the FP420Complementary to the FP420
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RP220 vs. other projects
ATLAS
RP220
FP420
Luminosity Monitors(Low Luminosity)
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Trigger topologiesTrigger topologies
PLtrack
PR track
PL. AND PR track with ζ cutEt JET 1 AND 2 > 40 GevJET Rapidity correlation ?Dijet ENERGY /TOTAL > 0,9
RP 220
RP 220
JET 1
JET 2
PL Track
PL track with ζ cutEt JET 1 AND 2 > 40 GevJET 1 Rapidity CutDijet ENERGY /TOTAL > 0,9
RP 220
FP420
JET 1
JET 2
RP220 only
RP220 + FP420
1 KHz @ 1033
20-30 KHz @ 1034
1,6 KHz @ 1033
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Basics Requirements and Basics Requirements and ChallengesChallenges
Measure Measure of each outgoing proton of each outgoing proton– Position and direction with a precision of 10 Position and direction with a precision of 10 – Time of Flight (TOF) of the 2 outgoing protons with a Time of Flight (TOF) of the 2 outgoing protons with a
resolution of < 5 picoseconds resolution of < 5 picoseconds
General system issuesGeneral system issues– Mechanics and overall stabilityMechanics and overall stability
integration with precision beam position monitor to reach 0(10) m
– Radiation for detectors at 220 meters (cryostat region)Radiation for detectors at 220 meters (cryostat region)– Detectors to operate very close to the beam (10 Detectors to operate very close to the beam (10 --> 1 --> 1
mm) mm) – Trigger/selection issuesTrigger/selection issues
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Accumulated dose estimation @ 220 m Accumulated dose estimation @ 220 m (XRP3)(XRP3)
N. Mokhov, LHC Report 633
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Position DetectorsPosition Detectors
Position detectorsPosition detectors– Need to approach beam to the mm
level and stabilty of 10 m – Should Achieve 10 m position
resolution – Use EDGELESS Silicon detectors
Roman pot techniqueFor compact detectors
TOTEM
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Timing detectorsTiming detectors
Measure the Time Of Flight of each diffracted protonMeasure the Time Of Flight of each diffracted protonPrecision of few PicosecondsPrecision of few Picoseconds– 1 mm on the vertex (select the right event among 35)1 mm on the vertex (select the right event among 35)
Technology --> Micro Channel Plate (MCP)Technology --> Micro Channel Plate (MCP)
moving beampipe (HERA)
beam
LHC beampipe
Alignment wire
WPS sensors
bracket
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Roman Pots locationRoman Pots location
RP
IP
220m 220m
RPRP RP
RP RP RP RP
Roman Pot Station
{{
Roman Pot Unit
Each RP station consists of two Roman Pot Units separated by 8
m, centered at 220m from IP1
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Roman Pots LayoutRoman Pots Layout
IP 220m
8m
BeamOptics
3cm
SiliconDetectors
One Horizontal pot
Two Vertical pots
Elastic events for calibration
and alignment
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LayoutLayout
SIDE
DOWN
U Y VX X
3D pixels
MCP-PMT
LightGuide
Radiator8 x 8 Pixels
MCP UP
Roman Pot ARoman Pot B
2 x 21 planes of Si detectors
Size : 2,5 x 2,5 cm2
Timing detector Movable Beam Pipe
MCP
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Position detectors specific requirementsPosition detectors specific requirements
Objective : Achieve 10 m position resolution–Two staggered 50 m pitch strips read in digital :– 25 / 12 = 7.2 m resolution– Or larger pitch analog using centroids–Trigger data available within a few 100 ns
Candidates: Baseline:Baseline: “3D” Pixels detectors (S. Parker) “3D” Pixels detectors (S. Parker) - NEW : Under development for RP420- NEW : Under development for RP420
Stanford, VTT, SintefStanford, VTT, Sintef- - Backup:Backup: Edgeless Silicon strips Experienced technology Edgeless Silicon strips Experienced technology
Canberra, HamamatsuCanberra, Hamamatsu
Semi-3D detector (VTT, Finland)
3D (Stanford)
50m strips (Canberra)
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3D Detector3D DetectorBenefits compared to standard Si strips detectors)
- Collection time x 10 2 ns - Low voltage depletion /10 10V - Radiation hardness x50 1015 p/cm2 - Edgeless using plasma etching /10 5m - Same charge as planar 25 ke-/300
Drawbacks - Thickness: Needs a bump-bonded chip
(could be thinned to 50m)
- Production yield Presently 80% (7.2 x 8 mm2 detectors)
- Readout speed Slow as is: 2-6 s,
- No ‘fast’ trigger data
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FE13 Readout chip FE13 Readout chip (ATLAS b-layer upgrade)(ATLAS b-layer upgrade)
2880 channels50 x 400 50 x 400 m2 pixels m2 pixels 7.2 x 8 mm7.2 x 8 mm22
Binary & Time Over ThresholdBinary & Time Over ThresholdSelf triggeringTime over ThresholdAdjustable thresholdCMOS 250nm IBMReadout 2-6 Readout 2-6 s @ 40 MHzs @ 40 MHz
Readout chip
8mm
7.2mm
IZM + Bonn
Baseline for FP420Need to be modified for extracting theFast Trigger information
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Fast (asynchronous) pixels digital Fast (asynchronous) pixels digital readoutreadout
Jean-François Genat, RP220 meeting, Oct 17-19th 2007 Krakow, Poland
- Fast ORs of columns (sufficient for the RP220 trigger) Fast readout of every hit column Fast address building takes a few ns in total (130nm CMOS)- Can be sent to the fast logic in the “alcove” at every BCO
X1
Y1---Y1nX2
Y21---Y2m----Xp
Yp---Ypq
Trigger data10-bit words
- Data transfer: 10 hits (disable noisy pixels) = 20 (10) words = 200 (100) bits 20ns (10) @ 10 Gb/s
512pixels
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Alternative Read Out solutionAlternative Read Out solution
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Pixels connected as stripsPixels connected as strips
Standard ABCD strips readout Standard ABCD strips readout
Capacitance is higher, but does not impact small Capacitance is higher, but does not impact small detectorsdetectors
Need to extract the Fast OR signal for trigger
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Micro Channel Plate PMT Micro Channel Plate PMT OperationOperation
Faceplate
Photocathode
Dual MCP
Anode
Gain ~ 106
Photoelectron V ~ 200V
V ~ 200V
V ~ 2000V
photon
MCP-OUT Pulse
Burle- Photonis MCP2” x 2” sensitive area
A 2” x 2” MCP
actual thickness ~3/4”
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Major advance for generating the signalMajor advance for generating the signalIncoming
rel. particle Use Cherenkov light fastCustom Anode with Equal Time Transmission Lines + Capacitative. Return
e.g. Burle (Photonis) 85022 with mods
Collect charge here differential Input to 200 GHz TDC chip
10 m pores
Development of MCP’s with 6-10 micron pore diameters
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Simulation Simulation RF Transmission LinesRF Transmission LinesSumming smaller anode Summing smaller anode pads into 1by 1pads into 1by 1 readout readout pixels pixels An equal time sum make An equal time sum make transmission lines equal transmission lines equal propagation timespropagation timesWork on leading edge Work on leading edge ringing not a problem for ringing not a problem for this fine segmentationthis fine segmentation
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Ability to simulate electronics and systems to predict design performance
Oscillator with predicted jitters << 100 femtosec
860 fs860 fs
20 Pe
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-8,00E-02
-7,00E-02
-6,00E-02
-5,00E-02
-4,00E-02
-3,00E-02
-2,00E-02
-1,00E-02
0,00E+00
1,00E-02
0,00E+00 5,00E-08 1,00E-07 1,50E-07 2,00E-07 2,50E-07 3,00E-07 3,50E-07 4,00E-07
Temps / s
Tension / V (50 Ohms)
Read Out :Direction to reach 1(few) Read Out :Direction to reach 1(few) psec (1)psec (1)Picking the time Picking the time
– Multithreshold discriminatorMultithreshold discriminator
1
4
2
3
MCP
Extrapolated time
Multi-threshold time resolution with actual MCP pulses (2d order fit)
050
100150200250300350400
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Number of thresholds
Sigma (picoseconds)
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Direction to reach 1 psec (2)Direction to reach 1 psec (2)Time Stretcher SchemeTime Stretcher Scheme
IssuesIssues– Power consumption (250 mWatts/ch)Power consumption (250 mWatts/ch)– Ramp Ramp zerozero crossing induces important Jitter crossing induces important Jitter
MCP
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DAQ
Chip
200 MHzTDC
(FPGA)
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Fukung Tang et al (UC-ANL).
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Synoptic
1
4
2
3
Resolution: a few ps
“Slow” TDCkIBM 8 HP Chip
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Direction to reach 1(few) psec (3)Direction to reach 1(few) psec (3)
Alternative to Time stretcherAlternative to Time stretcher– Replace the TDC ---> ADCReplace the TDC ---> ADC
t
DC level to ADC
Digitized
t
ADC
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Best results with 2 TOF counters in Best results with 2 TOF counters in tandemtandem
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From J. Va’vra (SLAC)
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Diffractive TriggerDiffractive Trigger
ATLAS standard
Horizontal roman pots Horizontal roman pots (a la TOTEM)(a la TOTEM)
L1 CTPL1 CTP
+730 ns
Front end
ROD
ROD
- 216 m
LeftPretrigger
LR Trigger Logic• LP AND RP•TR - TL
HLT Trigger(ROB)
HLT Trigger(ROB)
2,5sec
+850 ns (air cable)
Max 75KHz
RightPretrigger
T
TR
T
2,0 sec
7 plans Si /Roman Pot positionmicrons time < 5 psec
Pipeline buffer
(6.4 sec)
xA - xB =0
xA
xD - xC =0
xB
2 Jets with Pt > 40 Gev/c
Refined Jet Pt cutVertice within millimeter time < 5 to 10 psec
jet
jet
- 224 m
xA xB
ATLAS detector
US15
1,0 sec
PASH
30 nov 2006ATLAS Standard
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Timing and Data flowTiming and Data flow
Flight path733 ns
Processing
0 ns
Proton @ RP
Pretrigger Data available @ 220 m(Alcove)
1024 ns
Cable
1921 ns
Processing
Cable
Max 2500 ns
5120ns
RP Triigger Data @ ATLAS CTP
LVL1 ACCEPT (75 KHz)
RPs data @ ROD
BXing
RP ASIC & FPGASI ---> 4 Events x 2 Si Strips x 10 bit wordsMCP ---> 4 Events x 6 bit words per Xing= 104 bit/Bx Average Rate = 4,16 Gbit/sec (11ns through cable to Alcove)
ALCOVE CTA crate PRETRIGGERMatching 2RPs with overlap Si StripsAdd Timing information from relevant MCP PMT pixel (1 mm2))
80 bit/BX x 40 MHz = 3,2 Gb/s80 bit @ 10 GB/s - 880 transfert time
Detector response 11 nsABCD response 150 ns20 ms cable 80 nsPretrigger Processing 50 ns
588 ns
Data Production per Roman Pot to ROD4 events x(7 Si detectors x10 bit word stored in the pipeline)4 events x 1 MCP-PMT detector x (6 bit adress + 8 bit fine timing) Total per LV1 Accet = 336 bit Total x 75 KHz =25 Mb/s
2x 1100 ns + 7.4 K bit @ 4x 5 Gb/s= 2620 ns
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Implementation block diagramImplementation block diagram
LHC CLK
IP//
LocalLogic
DetectorASIC
Pretrigger logicRead Out
Control & Monitoring
CTA crate
Shielded Alcove
Picosecond CLK 160 MHzTrigger DATA 4,16 Gb/sRO DATA 670 kb/s
20 mCables
ATLAS LVL1CTP
ATLAS ROD(LVL2 & DAQ)
US 15
Reference clock(Atomic)
RP Left Trigger
1Cable
160 MHz CLK (fiber)
LHC CLK
2 x 3,2 Gb/s
L1 ACCEPT
RP RightTrigger
75 KHz
DATA
25 Mb/s
4 fiberss
FPGA
X XX XX X
FPGA
X XX XX X
FPGA
MBP RP B RP A
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ConclusionsConclusions
A challenging ‘small’ experiment A challenging ‘small’ experiment
Need to use State of the art technologiesNeed to use State of the art technologies
Tracking Silicon hodoscopes with 10 Tracking Silicon hodoscopes with 10 m precisionm precision
Ultra fast timing with few Psec TOF resolutionUltra fast timing with few Psec TOF resolution
Input signals forTrigger @ L1 in ATLASInput signals forTrigger @ L1 in ATLAS
System aspect non obvious (stability, radiation …) System aspect non obvious (stability, radiation …)
Thanks a lot for your attention!
But the Physics results might be outstanding !