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-nucleus -chromosome

-cell membrane -cytoplasm

-mitochondria -ER (see below)

-ribosome -Golgi Bodies

-lysosomes -vacuole

-chloroplast -cell wall

-endoplasmic reticulum(ER)

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Cell Organelles

On the back – write your name, the date and the period.Copy the goal onto the back as well…Goal: Understand the structure and function of cell organelles

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NucleusThe “brain” of the cell

Controls all of the cellular activities

DNA is inside the nucleus

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CHROMOSOMES-

Chromosomes –

carry the information that determines what traits a living thing will have

are found inside the nucleus

Nucleus

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DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid

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DNA carries the genetic information of a cell

Consists of thousands of genes

It specifies everything that is needed for the maintenance, function, and replication of the cell

It is made up of 4 different bases:(A) adenine (C) cytosine(T) thymine (G) guanine

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid

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CELL MEMBRANE

holds the cell together

keeps all of the pieces (like the organelles and the cytoplasm) inside the cell

controls what goes in and out of the cellExample: like a big plastic bag

with tiny holes in it

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CYTOPLASM

Cytoplasm- everything inside the cell membrane & outside of the nucleus except the cell’s nucleus

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CYTOPLASM

cytoplasm

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Mitochondria

Mito = Mighty / Power

The Power-House of the cell

They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy to live

If a cell needs a lot of energy…it will have more mitochondria

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Endoplasmic Reticulum also known as the “ER”

it is an organelle inside the cell consisting of a network of membranes within cytoplasm that’s important in building proteins

Transportation and highway of cell

There are two different Smooth ERRough ER

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**The vesicle can then move to the Golgi apparatus or the cell membrane

1) If the vesicle floats to the cell membrane, the proteins are going to be sent out of the cell……or (exocytosis)

2) If they move to the Golgi Apparatus, the proteins will be used inside the cell

MOVEMENT of VESICLES

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Draw an ER and put dots on it for ribosome illustration

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• small dot-like structures in cells

• they are often associated with forming rough ER

• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells

• they are made in the nucleus of the cell

• A ribosome can make the average protein in about one minute

Ribosomes

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• Ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribonucleic acid(RNA)

• These molecules are arranged into two subunits

• These subunits are attached to each other and together form the entire ribosome

• When viewed through a light microscope the ribosomes appear as dots

Ribosome Structure

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Types of Ribosomes

• There are two kinds of ribosomes

1) Attached to the rough ER

2) floating in the cell cytoplasm

• Attached ribosomes make proteins that are used in the ER or transported within the ER

• Free ribosomes make proteins that are used in the cytoplasm

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GOLGI APPARATUS

WHAT DOES IT DO?

- it takes simple molecules and combines them to make larger molecules.

• Aka: Golgi Complex or Golgi Bodies

• It is made up of a stack of flattened out sacs …like a loose stack of pancakes

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Think about building a model of a ship (that's the molecule). Then take that model and put it in a bottle (that's the vesicle).

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Golgi apparatus

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LYSOSOMES (primarily animal)

• They combine with the food taken in by the cell

• The enzymes in the lysosome bond to food & digest it

• Next…smaller molecules are released which are absorbed by the mitochondria

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LYSOSOMES• When an organelle no longer works, the

lysosome will attach itself to it and break it down like food (kind of like a cannibal) – Chemicals can then be reabsorbed or

excreted

• Lysosomes can also destroy the cell if it breaks open accidentally– “Suicide Sacs”– UV light damages lysosome membrane

• The enzymes inside the lysosome spread throughout the cell and digest it

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LYSOSOMES

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Lysosome Animation

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VACUOLE

• Vacuoles are “bubbles” that float in the cell 

• Vacuoles are more important to the survival of plant cells than they are to animal cells

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VACUOLE: STORAGE IN PLANT CELLS

• Vacuoles in plants support structure

• Vacuoles hold onto things that the cell might need…like a backpack

• There are some vacuoles that hold onto waste products, similar to having a big septic tank

• Storing waste products protects the cell from contamination

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VACUOLE CONT’D

So, when there is no water…the vacuole shrinks and the cell wall is the only thing holding the plant together.

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You will know that a plant's vacuoles are shrinking when you see the plant begin to droop over

HOLDING UP THE WALLS

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Turgor Pressure- force exerted by the water entering (osmosis) the vacuole, which then swells exerting internal force on the cell wall

• Causes “rigidity” so the plant my increase by stacking cells

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Chloroplast

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•the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells

•disk-like structures

•composed of a single membrane

•surrounding a fluid containing stacks of membranous disks

Chloroplast

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• SOLAR energy radiated from the sun is captured by plants(chloroplast)

• Then it is instantaneously changed into ELECTRICAL energy

• Then packaged as CHEMICAL energy

Chloroplast

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Chloroplast• photosynthesis takes place inside the

chloroplastPhotosynthesis-

the process in which plant use water, carbon dioxide, and energy form the sun to make food

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•No energy transformation is 100% efficient

•Not all the solar energy captured is converted to electrical and then chemical energy.

•Some of it gets lost as heat or other forms of energy (light)

Chloroplast

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Cell Wall- Rigid layer of nonliving

material that surrounds the cells of plants-gives the plant cell a rigid boxlike shape

-gives support and protection for the cell

- Allows things to pass through and is lined with a cell membrane

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Assignment Part A (slides 1-11)Directions: Write-out and highlight the

following questions. Then use your notes to answer them.

1. Which organelle is known as the “Brain” of the cell?2. If you look at a picture of a cell, how would you recognize the nucleolus?

3. List the 3 main jobs of the cell membrane

4. Explain why the cell membrane has tiny holes made of protein in it.

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Assignment Part B (slides 11-23)Directions: Write-out and highlight the following

questions. Then use your notes to answer them.

1. Which organelle is known as the Power House” of the cell?2. The mitochondria of a cell share the same job as the __________ (hint- an organ) in the human body.3. Explain how you could distinguish the rough ER from the smooth ER.4. What is the main job of the smooth ER?

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Assignment Part C (slides 23-)Directions: Write-out and highlight the following

questions. Then use your notes to answer them.

1. What is the main function of a lysosome?

3. Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis?

2. Why are vacuoles important to PLANTS?

4. What are the three main ingredients for photosynthesis?

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Assignment Part D (slides 23-)Directions: Write-out and highlight the following

questions. Then use your notes to answer them.

1. Centrioles are usually found in __________ cells.

2. What is the main function of a centriole?

3. List the two places you can find a ribosome in an animal cell.

4. What do ribosomes make?