1- orientation to the petroleum field

8/7/2019 1- Orientation to the Petroleum Field

1/48

IntroductionIntroduction toto OilOil IndustryIndustry


2/48

OutlineOutline

TerminologyTerminology

Oil ImportanceOil Importance

World ReserveWorld Reserve

Egypt ReserveEgypt Reserve


3/48

TerminologyTerminology

OilOil

PetroleumPetroleum

Natural GasNatural Gas

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Crude OilCrude Oil


4/48

OilOil

There are many kinds of oils:There are many kinds of oils:

We haveWe have oilsoils that are used for cooking and sunthat are used for cooking and sun

tanning. Some of these oils come from differenttanning. Some of these oils come from different

types of plants (such as vegetable oil) and animalstypes of plants (such as vegetable oil) and animals

(cod liver oil).(cod liver oil).

The oil, we are concerned with here, is derived fromThe oil, we are concerned with here, is derived from

rocks within the earth. It is called petroleum.rocks within the earth. It is called petroleum.


5/48

PetroleumPetroleum

A name taken from the Latin words meaning "rockA name taken from the Latin words meaning "rockoil".oil".

In its broadest sense, the term embraces the wholeIn its broadest sense, the term embraces the whole

spectrum of hydrocarbonsspectrum of hydrocarbons -- gaseous, liquid, andgaseous, liquid, andsolid.solid.

The term crude oil refers to oil in its "crude" orThe term crude oil refers to oil in its "crude" or

unrefined state (oil as it comes out of the ground.)unrefined state (oil as it comes out of the ground.)


6/48

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Organic chemical compounds of hydrogen and carbonOrganic chemical compounds of hydrogen and carbon

atoms.atoms.

There are a vast number of these compounds and theyThere are a vast number of these compounds and they

form the basis of all petroleum products.form the basis of all petroleum products.

They can form solids (such as the asphalt), liquids (suchThey can form solids (such as the asphalt), liquids (such

as conventional liquid petroleum), and gases (such asas conventional liquid petroleum), and gases (such as

natural gas).natural gas).


7/48

NaturalNatural GasGas

Natural gas is a mixture ofNatural gas is a mixture of

hydrocarbons that are in ahydrocarbons that are in a

gaseous state at normalgaseous state at normal

temperature and pressure.temperature and pressure.

It consists mostly of methane,It consists mostly of methane,

but also contains ethane,but also contains ethane,

propane, butane and pentane,propane, butane and pentane,which are the simplest andwhich are the simplest and

lightest hydrocarbons.lightest hydrocarbons.


8/48

CrudeCrude OilOil

The term crude oil refers to oil in its "crude" orThe term crude oil refers to oil in its "crude" or

unrefined state; that is to say oil as it comes out ofunrefined state; that is to say oil as it comes out of

the ground.the ground.

This crude oil must be transported to a refinery to beThis crude oil must be transported to a refinery to be

separated into constituents (such as gasoline,separated into constituents (such as gasoline,

aviation fuel, fuel oil, etc.) before it can be used byaviation fuel, fuel oil, etc.) before it can be used by

the consumer.the consumer.


9/48


10/48


11/48

Why is Oil so Important in TodayWhy is Oil so Important in TodayssWorld?World?

A Source of EnergyA Source of Energy

Other Uses for OilOther Uses for Oil


12/48

Energy: Where Would We Be Without It?Energy: Where Would We Be Without It? Heat and lightHeat and light

TransportationTransportation ElectricalElectrical

productsproducts

PetroleumPetroleumproductsproductsLipstickLipstick

GlassesGlasses

ClothingClothing


13/48

Energy: Where Would We Be Without It?Energy: Where Would We Be Without It? Heat and lightHeat and light

TransportationTransportation ElectricalElectrical

productsproducts

PetroleumPetroleumproductsproductsCosmeticsCosmetics

MedicinesMedicines

Sports equipmentSports equipment

Automotive partsAutomotive parts


14/48

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels NatureNatures Batteriess Batteries 86% of energy used in U.S.86% of energy used in U.S.

is derived from fossil fuelsis derived from fossil fuelsOilOil

Natural GasNatural Gas

CoalCoal


15/48

Where Do Oil and Gas Come From?Where Do Oil and Gas Come From?

(NOT FROM UNDERGROUND LAKES!)(NOT FROM UNDERGROUND LAKES!)


16/48

Where Do Oil and Gas Come From?Where Do Oil and Gas Come From?


17/48



18/48



19/48


20/48


21/48


22/48


23/48

Egyptian Oil HistoryEgyptian Oil History1886:1886: 1st well was drilled in Gemsa1st well was drilled in Gemsa

1910:1910: Gemsa ProductionGemsa Production1961:1961: 1st offshore petroleum field in Egypt and Middle East1st offshore petroleum field in Egypt and Middle East

1965:1965: The oldest and biggest petroleum field (AlMorgan)The oldest and biggest petroleum field (AlMorgan)

1967:1967: AlMorgan ProductionAlMorgan Production


24/48

Egyptian Gas HistoryEgyptian Gas History1963:1963: Gas explorationGas exploration

1967:1967: 1st Gas field1st Gas field Abo Mady FieldAbo Mady Field1969:1969: 1st Mediterranean Sea gas field in Egypt1st Mediterranean Sea gas field in Egypt Abo Keer FieldAbo Keer Field

1969:1969: 1st Western Desert gas field1st Western Desert gas field Abo ElGharadek FieldAbo ElGharadek Field


25/48

Egypt's Oil Production and ConsumptionEgypt's Oil Production and Consumption


26/48

Egypt's Natural Gas ProductionEgypt's Natural Gas Production


27/48

Egyptian ReserveEgyptian Reserve Oil Proved Reserve: 3,800,000 (3.8 MMMbbl) (2006)Oil Proved Reserve: 3,800,000 (3.8 MMMbbl) (2006)

Oil Proved Reserve: 0.32 % of world reserveOil Proved Reserve: 0.32 % of world reserve Egypt's Rank: 27th (World countries)Egypt's Rank: 27th (World countries)

8th (Arabic countries)8th (Arabic countries)

Natural Gas Proved Reserve: 1,589,000,000,000 m3 (1.589Natural Gas Proved Reserve: 1,589,000,000,000 m3 (1.589

trillion m3)trillion m3)

Natural Gas Proved Reserve: 1.07 % of world reserveNatural Gas Proved Reserve: 1.07 % of world reserve Egypt's Rank: 19th (World countries)Egypt's Rank: 19th (World countries)

5th (Arabic countries)5th (Arabic countries)


28/48

Egyptian ReserveEgyptian Reserve


29/48


30/48

Origin of PetroleumOrigin of Petroleum

WhWh i Oil F d?i Oil F d?


31/48

WhereWhere is Oil Found?is Oil Found?

SomeSome people think that oil is in big pools underground.people think that oil is in big pools underground.

Actually, most oil is trapped in the tiny pore spaces betweenActually, most oil is trapped in the tiny pore spaces between

grains of rock or sand. Most of these pores are too small to begrains of rock or sand. Most of these pores are too small to be

seen with the naked eye.seen with the naked eye.


32/48

Origin of PetroleumOrigin of Petroleum NonNon--Organic Theory:Organic Theory:

H + C HydrocarbonH + C Hydrocarbon

Organic Theory.Organic Theory.

High TemperatureHigh Pressure


33/48

Basic DefinitionsBasic Definitions

MigrationMigration

Mother RockMother Rock

Carrier RockCarrier Rock

Reservoir RockReservoir Rock

TrapTrap


34/48

Migration is the movement of oil from a motherMigration is the movement of oil from a motherrock to a reservoir rock.rock to a reservoir rock.

Migration:


35/48

Mother Rock:

Mother rocks are any rocks in which sufficientMother rocks are any rocks in which sufficient

organic matter to form Petroleum has beenorganic matter to form Petroleum has been

accumulated & preserved.accumulated & preserved.


36/48

CarrierCarrier RockRock::

A highly porous, and permeable rock through whichA highly porous, and permeable rock through whichoil can migrate.oil can migrate.


37/48

Other porous, permeable rock formations in whichOther porous, permeable rock formations in whichpetroleum has accumulated.petroleum has accumulated.

Reservoir Rock:


38/48

Trap:Trap:

A geometric configuration of structure in whichA geometric configuration of structure in which

permeable rock types are surrounded and confined bypermeable rock types are surrounded and confined by

impermeable rock types.impermeable rock types.


39/48


40/48

TrapsTraps


41/48

41

Salt DomeSalt Dome

FaultsFaults


42/48

FaultsFaults


43/48

Oil ExplorationOil Exploration


44/48

Exploration MethodsExploration Methods

Gravity MethodGravity Method

Magnetic MethodMagnetic Method Seismic MethodSeismic Method


45/48


46/48

Seismic MethodSeismic Method


47/48


48/48

1- orientation to the petroleum field

Documents