OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

Responding to Challenges of Sustainable Land Management:

The TerrAfrica Initiative

Presented by NEPAD: Prof. Richard Mkandawire (Agriculture Advisor) & Dr. Remi Cole (Lead Specialist on SLM)

1) Overview

2) TerrAfrica Frameworks

3) SIP (Strategic Investment Program)

4) Where do we stand today?

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OVERVIEW

COMMON VISION

The current trends of land degradation and unsustainable land management in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) are negatively impacting rural land use productivity and the security of ecosystem functions.

Scaling up Sustainable Land Management (SLM) is necessary in order to reverse these trends, and thereby address a major obstacle to economic growth in SSA.

This is a common goal shared by a wide range of stakeholders.

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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment – poverty strongly linked to degradation of ecosystem services

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LAND DEGRADATION

PHYSICAL IMPACT

• Land degradation affects about 65 per cent of Africa’s population1

• Unless action is taken, it is projected that two-thirds of arable land in SSA could be non-productive by 20252

• It is also projected that under current land management practices 25 countries will become water scarce by 20253

1 Reich et al. (2001)2 Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Desertification Synthesis Report (2004)3 World Bank (2003)

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MDG 7 – ensure environmental sustainability

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LAND DEGRADATION

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Source: From data in Oldeman et al. (1990)

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LAND DEGRADATION

ECONOMIC IMPACT

• Agriculture provides employment for 2/3 working Africans and generates 1/3 of the continent’s Gross National Income

• Over 3 per cent of agricultural GDP in Africa is lost annually as a direct result of soil and nutrient loss1

• This translates to an estimated loss in gross annual income of USD 9 billion per year2

• Thus land degradation is clearly a genuine constraint to economic growth

1 Drechsel and Gyiele 19992 GTZ CCD Factsheet on Desertification (cite: Dregne 1991)

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MDG 1 – Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

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LAND DEGRADATION

Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) 2.5 - 4 

Soil erosion Grohs (1994)<1 (GDFL) ZIMBABWE

Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) 5.5 - 6.5 

Soil erosion Bishop and Allen (1989) 4 (GDFL) MALI

Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999)9.5 - 11 

Soil erosion World Bank (1992)  18 (GDFL) MALAWI

Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999)-6 - 9MADAGASCAR

Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999)  5 - 7 

Soil erosion Bojö (1991) 5 (GDFL) LESOTHO

Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) -4 - 5GHANA

Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999)  10 - 11 

Soil erosion Bojö and Cassells (1995)36 (GDCL) ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS

TYPES OF DEGRADATIONAUTHORSDiscounted Future Loss (% AGDP)

Annual Loss (% AGDP)

STUDY REGION

GDCL: Gross Discounted Cumulative Loss (the cumulative value of the stream of future losses due to continued soil degradation over time).

GDFL: Gross Discounted Future Loss (the value of the stream of constant future annual losses due to soil degradation in a given year).

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OVERVIEW

HOW CAN WE SCALE UP SLM?

Past experiences point to a range of barriers, or bottlenecks, which need to be dismantled if SLM is to be effectively and efficiently scaled up:

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

BARRIERS AND BOTTLENECKS

• INSTITUTIONAL AND SECTORAL BARRIERS

• KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

• POLICY BARRIERS

• FINANCIAL BARRIERS

• IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS

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SLM must be moved into the political mainstream and not be pigeon-holed as an agricultural or environmental problem

There is a need for a coherent picture of the root causes and optimal solutions for SLM and the tools and data to support SLM investment

The effective adoption of SLM practices requires the institutional capacity to shape policies

Investment needs to be harmonized and aligned, but also scaled-up to reflect the scale of the problem

Delivery mechanisms must be diversified and aligned, and backed up by strong monitoring and evaluation systems

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BARRIERS AND BOTTLENECKS

• INSTITUTIONAL AND SECTORAL BARRIERS

• KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

• POLICY BARRIERS

• FINANCIAL BARRIERS

• IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS

OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

By directly addressing these bottlenecks, TerrAfrica aims to create the enabling environment for scaling up and mainstreaming SLM at the country level.

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ACTIVITY LINES

THE TERRAFRICA APPROACH

TerrAfrica addresses these bottlenecks by

harmonizing activity through a work partnership,

organized around three mutually reinforcing

“Activity Lines”:

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

REGIONAL TERRAFRICA ACTIVITY LINES

AL1 – COALITION BUILDING

Regional African-owned coalitions for policy dialogue and common vision on investment

AL2 – KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Generate and disseminate knowledge at all levels, and among all actors, to support effective SLM investment

AL3 – INVESTMENTS

Align funding mechanisms at all levels, along with leveraging strategies

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2. People-centered

4. Integrated

6. Multi-scale and multi-level

8. Based on partnership and responsibility

10. Bottlenecks removal

12. Coordinated & aligned implementation within existing processes

PRINCIPLES OF TERRAFRICA APPROACH

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TERRAFRICA PLATFORM

• 4 African Governments• 2 Civil Society

Representatives

• NEPAD Secretariat

• 2 Donors

• The European Commission

• AFDB

• The World Bank • UNCCD Secretariat• Global Mechanism• UNEP

• IFAD

• UNDP

• FAO

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

CONSULTATIVE FORUM

SECRETARIAT

• CIVIL SOCIETY

• AFRICAN GOVERNMENTS and RECS

• PRIVATE SECTOR

• SCIENCE AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS

AFRICAN

LOCAL

REGIONAL

EUROPEAN

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TERRAFRICA EXPLAINED

June 10, 2006

AFR Fertilizer Summit

1) Overview

2) TerrAfrica Frameworks

3) SIP (Strategic Investment Program)

4) Where do we stand today?

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OVERVIEW OF THE SIP

The Strategic Investment Program (SIP):

Strategic and programmatic investment vehicle

Inter-agency funding mechanism

Strengthens coordination between GEF and other funding mechanisms

Programmatic approach to maximize impact per dollar

Support for integrated NRM

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

THE VALUE ADDED of TerrAfrica and SIP support

Project Approach Program Approach( e.g. NAPs)

Programmatic Integrated Ecosystem Approach

targeted capacity building

national task forcecapacity buildingpolicy reform

scattered uncoordinated projects

larger and targeted project under an umbrella process

emulators plusup scaling mechanisms within ecosystems

coordinated mainstreaming & policy reforms

TERRAFRICA

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SIP and TERRAFRICA

HOW DOES THE SIP INTEGRATE WITH TERRAFRICA?

• The SIP will contribute to achieving TerrAfrica outcomes under Activity Line (AL) 3 - Investments

• Selective gaps would also be filled under AL1 (Coalition Building) and AL2 (Knowledge Management)

• In turn, the SIP will benefit from the TerrAfrica platform of partnership, advocacy and knowledge sharing

• Given the aligned agendas, it is envisioned that the SIP STEERING COMMITTEE will be closely tied to TerrAfrica via NEPAD

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

VALUE ADDED – Country level

WHAT WILL BE THE SIP’S VALUE ADDED AT COUNTRY LEVEL?

• GEF is a catalytic resource

• Coordinating interventions and sequencing

• Reduce transaction costs

• Places land and environmental issues at core of development agenda

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

VALUE ADDED – Country level

The value added by the SIP will help attract additional funding via:

• Greater coherence in a country’s SLM portfolio

• Improved elements in the enabling environment (policy, incentives, governance, capacities)

• Greater efficiencies and lower transaction costs

• Allowing for consecutive and complementary projects that advance scale up

• Program-level M&E to help guide country efforts

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

SIP PORTFOLIO

SIP coordination at NEPAD Acts as Secretariat of SIP Steering

Committee Reports on M&E at program level Represents TerrAfrica Executive

Committee

SIP Steering Committee guides the strategic direction of the SIP

The SIP regional programming framework defines project consistency criteria, investment priorities, and M&E criteria consistent with TerrAfrica objectives

Countries design funding projects as normal, but aided by their own unique Country SLM Investment Frameworks (CSIF) and supported by TerrAfrica platform

NEPAD helps advocate for SLM among countries, promoting country-level partnerships that can leverage SIP

GEF pipeline entry on a rolling basis

HOW WILL THE SIP WORK?

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Country project 1

Country project 2

Country project 4

Etcetera….

Country project 3

Program Level M&E

Project Level M&E

SIP FINANCIAL UMBRELLA:

50% of OP15 (GEF 4)

Open to all SSA countries

The CSIF will allow countries to translate their specific SLM priorities into operational priorities, and align donors and actors around common strategy

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TERRAFRICA EXPLAINED

June 10, 2006 AFR Fertilizer Summit

1) Overview

2) TerrAfrica Frameworks

3) SIP (Strategic Investment Program)

4) The role of Fertilizer in SLM

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ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SLM

T0 Build and maintain soil fertility through:

Integrated Soil fertility management

- Soil and water conservation techniques

- Conservation agriculture and conservation farming

- Agroforestry- Organic and inorganic fertilizers to

improve soil-nutrient content- Establishment of norms and

standards for optimum fertilizers use

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SLM

Enabling policy environment- Harmonization of regulations and

policies at sub-regional levels- Development of appropriate

incentives at national level

Sustainable investment in land management

- Mobilization of donors and resources

- Example SIP program

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SLM

Networking development - All stakeholders including Farmers

organizations, private sector, research organizations, donors and development institutions

- Facilitation of platform for information sharing on issues regarding fertilizers use and SLM

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

SLM AND FERTILIZER USE

SLM’S RESPONSE TO FOOD PRODUCTION

Africa’s soil crises affects food production

The solution?

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

SLM AND FERTILIZER USE

Intensification of Ag production that will impact productivity ?

Increased fertilizer usage?

• Must come in integrated package• Address limiting factors – direct & indirect• Improved & responsive disease resist varieties• Input factors – pests attraction• Measures for pest control mgmt system• Secondary limiting factors

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SLM AND FERTILIZER USE

The TerrAfrica Initiative …

through a comprehensive analysis of preventive factors recognizes --

• Factors related to an enabling environment Equally important • Technical measures to SLM

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TERRAFRICA’S ROLE IN FERTILIZER USE

TerrAfrica Recognizes –

• Mineral fertilizers important role in SLM• No single factor solution• identified to overcome low productivity Ag.• A number of factors must interact and be addressed

in parallel• Access to min. fertilizers is only one factor – a most

important direct factor …• Need for a more integrated approach to SLM

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TERRAFRICA’S ROLE IN FERTILIZER USE

TerrAfrica’s investment arm -- the SIP

In a position to work with its partners of the summitIn defining the role of mineral fertillizers in the context of SLM

Respond adequately to increasing food production in Africa

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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS

TERRAFRICA’S ROLE IN FERTILIZER USE

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