1 phd riccardo cecatiello -politecnico di milano cooperation among regional sectors in sustainable...

1Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

COOPERATION AMONG REGIONAL SECTORS IN Sustainable Built Environment IN EUROPE

Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano 2

A Short Memo of the presentation

Picture of the situation of Europen Community Environment policy

Incomplete lists of Operating Tools (GPP, ISO, E.M.S, White books.)

Some examples…

European Environment Agency summarized on 21 Sept 04:

“..EU environmental policy has led to economic investments that

have clearly benefited the health of people and ecosystems, but

there are still important unresolved environmental issues in Europe,

in particular climate change, loss of biodiversity, and air pollution in

urban areas…”


Statements

A sustainable built environment, which respects its natural framework, is an urgent necessity.

These involves respect for sites and for landscape, care in the choice of materials, awareness of energy considerations and construction techniques, and, above all, a reappraisal of the human dimension in building.

Urban space must be re-thought within the framework of town planning policies, with a full integration of architecture, the purpose of which being to shape and give meaning to that space.

A global, integrated, approach is essential


Steps towards European Union

Febraury 1992, Maastricht; June 1997, Amsterdam

The treaty of the European Union defines sustainable development as a constitutional target of the EU. In particular the articles 2 and 6 of the EU treaty require the integration of Environmental, Economic and Social policies in order to promote sustainable development

European Istitutions Parliament European mediator Council of European

Union European Committe Court of Justice Cash Account Court Economics and social

Committe Region’s Committe European Investment

Bank BEI Central European Bank

BCE


6th European Program 2004-2010

European main goals could be summarised into: Economic and technologic competitiveness Social, territorial and political cohesion Environmental sustainability

In Article 6 of the Amsterdam Treaty, environmental protection is not understood as a sectorial policy, but rather a maxim involving all sectors. This does not render independent environmental ministries superfluous, but rather requires the creation of interfaces in other sectors. Regional sustainable development demands closing regional material cycles, the use of renewable energies and ways of sustainable regional and city planning under recognition of social and economic factors within the region


European Common Policy

Internal (between members) Economy and commerce Transport Environmental protection Social policy Regional policy Technologic Research and

development Culture and professional

training Internal policy of Security

and justice

External (third countries) Foreign politics Relationships with

Mediterranean and East Europe

Aid to countries under development


Policies aims to achieve

Policy actions are defined according to the main treaties between Member States, and more in particular, following the subsidiary principle

These goals have been quantified to a certain extend: Economic Growth (3% per year the next decade) will certainly

require more traffic and capacity expansions. Sustainable Development (8% reduction on CO2 emissions

according to Kyoto's agreement) will require less traffic and the use of environmentally friendly modes.

Territorial Cohesion (reduction of regional and national unbalanced development) will require more commercial relations, know-how transfers, and therefore traffic, between peripheral regions (Eastern European and Mediterranean countries) and between them and more developed regions.


The settings

Agriculture Air pollution Biodiversity Chemicals Climate Change and Energy Enforcement Enlargement Environmental Action Programmes Environmental Fiscal Reform Environmental Liability Future of Europe General Governance Integration Mediterranean Noise OECD

Product Policy Soil Protection Standardisation Strategic Environmental

Assessment Sustainable Development Tourism Transatlantic Environmental

Dialogue Transparency and Public

Participation Urban Environment Waste Water

…Currently, there are 32 activities of the European Union


Policy background and technician role

Many efforts on sustainable production / consumption concepts have typically been based on science / technology. These include: (CP/CT, Product Design, LCA, F4+, etc.)

Science / technology, in this sense includes technology transfer, dissemination, management issues, and so on. Typical tools have been: Demonstration projects, Newsletters/factsheets, Manuals, EMS, Awareness-raising / education, etc.

Socio-economic aspectsAll of these factors are important, but in the main are well established and are the focus of many researchers state agencies. Largely missing from the activities to date has been detailed and exhaustive investigations into the socio-economic issues which are central to widespread uptake of a more sustainable way of production/consumption.

European Commission is extremely interested in this subject.


The evolving policy approach

A Sustainable Development Strategy should restore the confidence of the citizens in trusting EU leaders to create the conditions for long-term prosperity, social fairness, and a clean and healthy environment

The 1997 Amsterdam Treaty included sustainable development in the objectives of the European Union

The “Lisbon process", which only included economic and social policies, should be complemented by environmental objectives and indicators, transforming it into a Sustainable Development Strategy

The Spring Summit in 2003 gave a bit more hope for the future. It paid much more attention to environmental issues than the previous one. It clearly presented environmental policies as an important factor for innovation and job creation. It gave a new impulse to the Cardiff process and asked it to be connected to "overall and sector-specific decoupling objectives".


The evolving policy approach

It was urged to “encourage the reform of subsidies that have considerable negative effects on the environment and that are incompatible with sustainable development” This gives us a renewed basis to push for the abolition of

“perverse subsidies” Green public procurement is an integral part of a sustainable

development policy, as agreed at the European Council in Göteborg and in the EU's 6th Environmental Action Programme much is expected from public procurement to foster the entry of

'green' products into the market in the framework of the Integrated Product Policy

The main environmental merit is that ecolabels are now recognised as selection criteria.


Evolution of voluntary instruments

organizzazioni, sist. ISO 14001

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

ISO 9004-2:1991 - services

BS 7750 ISO 14001:1996 - organizations

EMAS 1 1836/93 sitesEMAS 2 761/2001

FSC

ISO/TR 14061

PEFC

AGENDA XXI Local AGENDA XXI

Rio de Janeiro

1992

Joannesburg

ISO 9001:2000 ISO 9001: 1987 ISO 9001:1994


Instruments and application

Housing Green Public Procurement Energy production/reduction Environmental accounting Voluntary agreements

ISO 14000 Environmental Management Audit Scheme. Sustainable Forestal management

Life Cycle Analysis …


Green Public Procurement

Green public procurement can have large environmental benefits

eco-procurement - by local and central governments has long been recommended in documents such as Agenda 21 to be a key - although sometimes supplemental - ingredient in the achievement of more environmentally responsible economies

pioneer cities such as Hamburg, Malmö and Zurich, The most relevant product groups for eco-procurement such as construction, transport, energy, information technology, furniture and food


Green Public Procurement

It stands for public purhasers who take into account environmental elements when buying products, services, or works

Could have significant benefits for the environment Green purchasing is also about setting the example and

influencing the market place Important incentives to industries to develop “green”

technologies


Architects’ Council of Europe

The ACE White Paper 'Europe and Architecture Tomorrow' is part of a global and pro-active commentary on European Union policies which are likely to impact on the built surroundings of presents and future generations.

The European Commission White Paper 'growth, competitiveness, employment' deals with urban issues in chapter 10 devoted to the issue of sustainable development but is silent upon the role of architecture as part of the built environment. Current European economic tendencies are towards the liberal interpretation of the free market

Criteria of architectural and life cycle quality should govern decisions before any other consideration, particularly where public sector procurement is concerned.


Architects’ Council of Europe

As regards cultural issues, article 128 of the Maastricht treaty has facilitated the building of a common policy. Such policy is indeed limited to actions of stimulation and co-ordination.

The architectural profession is at the very heart of the crossover between the economic issues that relate to the construction sector on the one hand and socio-cultural problems on the other hand.

ACE seeks to encourage European Union policy makers to develop a comprehensive political agenda in relation to architecture and urban design, where the necessary development of society takes place within a philosophical framework

However the architectural profession is not in a position to provide on its own a complete response to these challlenges


Environmental Accounting and Reporting

The european greenlight programme Energy performance of buildings Building energy label IPPC, Integrated Pollution Prevention and Controll The EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is a

management tool for companies and other organisations to evaluate, report and improve their environmental performance. The scheme has been available for participation by companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 1836/93 of 29 June 1993) and was originally restricted to companies in industrial sectors.


Emas is open to all economic sector To receive EMAS registration an organisation must comply with the following

steps: conduct an environmental review considering all environmental

aspects of the organisation’s activities, products and services, methods to assess these, its legal and regulatory framework and existing environmental management practices and procedures.

in the light of the results of the review, establish an effective environmental management system aimed at achieving the organisation’s environmental policy defined by the top management. The management system needs to set responsibilities, objectives, means, operational procedures, training needs, monitoring and communication systems.

carry out an environmental audit assessing in particular the management system in place and conformity with the organisation’s policy and programme as well as compliance with relevant environmental regulatory requirements.

provide a statement of its environmental performance which lays down the results achieved against the environmental objectives and the future steps to be undertaken in order to continuously improve the organisation’s environmental performance.


Some experience in Italy Comune di Andora Comune di Aosta Comune di Apricale Comune di Camerino Comune di Capri Comune di Castelnuovo ne’Monti Comune di Cavriago Comune di Celle Ligure Comune di Ceriale Comune di Cesana Torinese Comunità Montana Alta Val Polcevera Comune di Falcade Comune di Grosseto Comune di Jesolo Comune di Laigueglia Parco Naturale Adamello Brenta Comune di Quattro Castella Comune di Santa Caterina dello Ionio Comune di Santa Margherita Ligure Servizio Foreste Provincia di Trento Comune di Toirano Comune di Vado Ligure

Assessorato Ambiente Provincia di Viterbo Ente Parco Mont Avic Polo turistico di Bibione Comune di San Michele al Tagliamento

Comune di Varese Ligure Provincia di Siena

EMAS

ISO 14001


The core: Plan, Do, Check, Act, Improve

Method of “Plan Do Check Act-Improve”


Prepare thematic groups

PREPARE (Preventive Environmental Protection Approaches in Europe) is an informal, independent European network of experts in the field of cleaner production and sustainable development

The focus of the activities is on environmental impact assessment of projects, plans, programmes, policies, and products, on an integrated landscape and environmental planning, and on environmental management systems (EMAS)

As regards cultural issues, article 128 of the Maastricht treaty has facilitated the building of a common policy. Such policy is indeed limited to actions of stimulation and co-ordination.optimum use of policy and economic instruments (such as

legislation, voluntary measures etc.)


The “Environmental mediation”

The Use of mediation-like processes initiate a debate within society and may increase the acceptance of strategies for a sustainable development.

The effort is to contribute to a better understanding of the symbolic aspects of ecological-economic change. Bringing together post-normal aspects of ecological economics (high stakes, uncertain scientific inputs, role peer communities, problem orientation), environmental accounting (such as material flow analysis) and discourse analysis and constructivist approaches offers a chance to explicitly take into account the complex relationship between science and policy.

Regional sustainable development demands closing regional material cycles, the use of renewable energies and ways of sustainable regional and city planning under recognition of social and economic factors within the region.

Regions have also the potential to directly influence their development and to show interesting examples in the implementation of sustainable development


Local Agenda 21, Agenda 2000 The European Commission has recently began to clarify the

ways that public authorities in the EU can best integrate environmental considerations into their procurement procedures.

But the Commission’s Communication also coincides with Brussels’ latest findings on EU member states’ implementation of the Single Market rules.

In the areas of public procurement and transport, about one third of Single Market legislation is not yet implemented in all EU countries, and infringement of the rules is especially high where environmental standards are concerned.

How attainable is the goal of “green” public procurement EU-wide?


Local Agenda 21

Agenda 21 is a document that enumerates engagements in different fields (environment, economy, social) that a local community takes on for the 21th century

A21 is a route for the work: its success and duration depends on level of participation

and sharing of the local community, at all levels and in all forms;

It’s a process that can start immediately after with concrete actions, but can also take a long period to face off problems and levels of complexity and quality of life into a district, in order to give effective and shared results


Key factors in promoting the environmental technologies

A Directive in force by 2004 that implements a strict interpretation of environmental liability, while broadening its scope to cover all potentially hazardous activities.

The system should be based upon strict liability not offering any loopholes for all kinds of defences. It should strengthen victims' rights by the reversal of burden of proof and access for citizens to court.

In order to get environmental technologies from the research laboratories to the markets three priority actions are proposed: develop and focus research, demonstration and

dissemination programmes; establish technology platforms for environmental

technologies; establish European networks for standardisation, testing

and performance verification related to environmental technologies.


? Lack of an intermediate


Summary and web resource

Environmental liability - the policy of holding polluters responsible for the damage that they do to the environment - is now in the spotlight. Following the disasters there is now a greater need than ever for a strict policy on environmental liability – one which incorporates the "Polluter Pays Principle" into EU law and turns precaution into a business objective.

We recognize that sustainable development, which balances economic development, social cohesion, and environmental protection, is fundamental

Links http://europa.eu.int/pol/env/index_en.htm http://www.ace-cae.org/Public/Content/EN/pub/whi/whitebook.htm http://www.iclei.org/ http://www.enea.it http://www.iso.ch http://www.ecologic.de/emas/emcdocs/emcpapers.htm http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/emas/ http://esl.jrc.it/envind/idm/idm_e_.htm

29Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

COOPERATION AMONG REGIONAL SECTORS IN Sustainable Built Environment IN EUROPE

1 phd riccardo cecatiello -politecnico di milano cooperation among regional sectors in sustainable...

Documents