1 Politics: Who Gets What, When, and How Learning Objectives Distinguish between politics and political science Compare and contrast governmental politics with politics in other societal organizations 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Identify the purposes for which government is established Outline the major principles of democracy 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Analyze the inherent conflict between majority rule and individual freedom Compare and contrast representational government and direct government 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dye Learning Objectives Show how elitism and pluralism reach different conclusions about who governs in America Evaluate the implications of the elitist and pluralist views for the realization of American democratic ideals 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Politics and Political Science Politics is who gets what, when, and how Political scientists study politics in government Who = participants What = public policies When and how = political process Normative = how things should be Empirical = how they are 1.1 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.1 Which of the following is considered part of the political process? a.Legislation b.Labor unions c.Debates d.Congress 1.1 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.1 Which of the following is considered part of the political process? a.Legislation b.Labor unions c.Debates d.Congress 1.1 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 1.1: Who get what, when, and how 1.2 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Politics and Government What distinguishes government? Extends to whole society Legitimately uses force Democratic governments based on consent of the governed 1.2 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Conflict all around 1.2 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2 What makes democratic governments more legitimate than other types? a.The people live under stricter laws. b.The government has more money to enforce laws. c.The people can change laws. d.The government has more power to enforce laws. 1.2 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2 What makes democratic governments more legitimate than other types? a.The people live under stricter laws. b.The government has more money to enforce laws. c.The people can change laws. d.The government has more power to enforce laws. 1.2 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. To Establish Justice and Insure Domestic Tranquility To Provide for the Common Defense To Promote the General Welfare To Secure the Blessings of Liberty 1.3 Purposes of Government 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. To Establish Justice and Insure Domestic Tranquility Social contract Regulation in exchange for protection What happens without government? Thomas Hobbes 1.3 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Government arose from warfare Primary responsibility of government 15% of federal budget 1.3 To Provide for the Common Defense 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Public goods and services Goods exchanged on a free market Externalities Costs to people who are not direct participants Result in government regulations Income transfers (Social Security) 1.3 To Promote the General Welfare 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Responsibility of democratic governments Protect individual liberty Equality before the law No one above the law 1.3 To Secure the Blessings of Liberty 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.3 In what way is government considered a social contract? a.Government provides public goods in exchange for taxes. b.Citizens agree to government in exchange for protections. c.Government determines core liberties. d.Equality is guaranteed to all. 1.3 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.3 In what way is government considered a social contract? a.Government provides public goods in exchange for taxes. b.Citizens agree to government in exchange for protections. c.Government determines core liberties. d.Equality is guaranteed to all. 1.3 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Meaning of Democracy Individual Dignity Equality Participation in Decision Making Majority Rule: One Person, One Vote 1.4 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Individual Dignity Underlying value of democracy John Locke on natural law Life Liberty Property Requires personal freedom 1.4 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Equality Equal protection of the law Prevent discrimination in society Equality of opportunity 1.4 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Participation in Decision Making Necessary for individual dignity Decisions by the people, not for the people 1.4 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Majority Rule: One Person, One Vote Everyones vote must be equal Majority rule Everyone is heard but decisions made by majority 1.4 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.4 Which of the following are considered democratic principles? a.One person, one vote b.Majority rule c.Widespread participation d.All of the above 1.4 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.4 Which of the following are considered democratic principles? a.One person, one vote b.Majority rule c.Widespread participation d.All of the above 1.4 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Paradox of Democracy Limiting the Power of Majorities Totalitarianism: Unlimited Government Power Constitutional Government 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Limiting the Power of Majorities Founders worried about majority tyranny Protected minority rights in Constitution Bill of Rights Limited government 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. More than majority rule 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Totalitarianism: Unlimited Government Power Contrast limited government No personal rights or liberties Every aspect of life controlled Authoritarianism Less oppressive, but no political participation 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Symbols of totalitarianism 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Constitutional Government Constitutions limit government power Civil liberties protected against majorities Judicial review 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.5 In what way does an authoritarian government differ from a totalitarian government? a.It does not interfere with the will of the majority. b.Citizens have some freedoms in the political process. c.It does not rule every aspect of citizens private lives. d.Citizens have no personal liberties. 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.5 In what way does an authoritarian government differ from a totalitarian government? a.It does not interfere with the will of the majority. b.Citizens have some freedoms in the political process. c.It does not rule every aspect of citizens private lives. d.Citizens have no personal liberties. 1.5 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Direct Democracy Versus Representative Democracy Direct Democracy Town meetings Representative Democracy Representatives selected by vote Open elections Candidates and voters freely express themselves Representatives selected periodically 1.6 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.6 Which of the following is not a requirement of representative democracy? a.Rule by an executive council b.All citizens can vote c.Frequent elections d.Competitive elections 1.6 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.6 Which of the following is not a requirement of representative democracy? a.Rule by an executive council b.All citizens can vote c.Frequent elections d.Competitive elections 1.6 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Who Really Governs? Elitist Perspective Pluralist Perspective 1.7 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Elitist Perspective Elite versus masses Are elites inevitable? Elites are not inherently exploitative Masses are uninformed, apathetic 1.7 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 1.2: Public opinion about who runs the country 1.7 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Pluralist Perspective What is pluralism? Competition Organized interest groups Interest groups check one another Equilibrium reached through compromise 1.7 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.7 Which theory is characterized by the idea that societies are divided into the few who have power and the many who do not? a.Capitalism b.Elitism c.Pluralism d.Classical liberalism 1.7 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.7 Which theory is characterized by the idea that societies are divided into the few who have power and the many who do not? a.Capitalism b.Elitism c.Pluralism d.Classical liberalism 1.7 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Democracy in America Does elitism compromise democracy? Is pluralism plausible? Ideals versus reality 1.8 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. What are the two main theories of power in representative democracy? Which one do you think more accurately describes America in the 21 st century? Discussion Question 1 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.