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Poverty Poverty Scenario Scenario

MAHARASHTRAMAHARASHTRA

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POVERTYPOVERTY Affront to Human DignityAffront to Human Dignity Cost to Economy & PolityCost to Economy & Polity Create Vulnerability & DependenceCreate Vulnerability & Dependence Consequences -Consequences -

• Non-inclusive growthNon-inclusive growth• social unrestsocial unrest• instability instability • unproductive manpowerunproductive manpower• perpetuation of poverty perpetuation of poverty

SolutionSolution• IRDP, SGSY, NRLM, ?, ?, ?IRDP, SGSY, NRLM, ?, ?, ?

• No more experimentationNo more experimentation

POVERT / NRLM = PROSPERITYPOVERT / NRLM = PROSPERITY• For each village, every villagerFor each village, every villager

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‘‘POVERTY’ speaks for POVERTY’ speaks for itselfitself

PP - - PopulationPopulation - SC/ST/OBC.- SC/ST/OBC.

OO - - OccupationOccupation - Landless, Labor, Artisans, - Landless, Labor, Artisans,

Marginal rain fed Marginal rain fed farmers, Lowly farmers, Lowly

Service provider.Service provider.

VV - - VulnerabilityVulnerability - infant mortality, early marriages, - infant mortality, early marriages,

ill health, ill health, Malnutrition, child labour. Malnutrition, child labour.

EE - - EducationEducation - Illiteracy, dropouts, unemployability.- Illiteracy, dropouts, unemployability.

RR - - ResourcesResources - Credit, skills, tools, raw material, - Credit, skills, tools, raw material,

livelihood access. livelihood access.

TT - - TraditionsTraditions - Superstitions, practices, taboos, - Superstitions, practices, taboos,

Customs Customs

Y Y - - YieldYield - Low productivity, No-growth, - Low productivity, No-growth,

peripheral market.peripheral market.

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MaharashtraMaharashtra Salient Salient FeaturesFeatures Salient FeaturesSalient Features

Area Area :: 3.08 3.08 lakh sq. km.lakh sq. km. Population (2001 Census)Population (2001 Census)

Rural Rural :: 5.57 crore (57.7 5.57 crore (57.7 million)million)

Urban Urban :: 4.10 crore (41 4.10 crore (41 million)million)

TotalTotal :: 9.67 crore (96.7 million)9.67 crore (96.7 million) Rural HouseholdsRural Households :: 125 lakh (12.5 125 lakh (12.5

million)million) Rural Habitations Rural Habitations : : 9800098000

VillagesVillages :: 4250042500 GPs GPs :: 2792027920

Average population of GPAverage population of GP :: 20002000 1000 to 600001000 to 60000 :: 389389 5000 to 100005000 to 10000 :: 13601360

RainfallRainfall :: from from 300 - 6000 mm300 - 6000 mm

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POVERTY STATISTICSPOVERTY STATISTICS Rural BPL populationRural BPL population : 45 lakh families : 45 lakh families

:: 2.05 crore Villagers 2.05 crore Villagers Comprising of Comprising of

STST :: 10.80 lakh (60 lakh 10.80 lakh (60 lakh population)population)

SCSC :: 8.50 lakh (40 lakh population)8.50 lakh (40 lakh population)

NT/ND/VJ/SBCNT/ND/VJ/SBC :: 5.00 lakh (25 lakh population)5.00 lakh (25 lakh population)

OBC OBC :: 14.70 lakh (60 lakh population)14.70 lakh (60 lakh population)

OthersOthers :: 6.00 lakh (24 lakh population)6.00 lakh (24 lakh population)

• According to NSSO data Maharashtra should have According to NSSO data Maharashtra should have

around 1.75 Cr. Rural peolple (31% of rural around 1.75 Cr. Rural peolple (31% of rural

population) & around 40 lakh rural families.population) & around 40 lakh rural families.

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District wise position (2002) as per report of Human Develop0ment CommissionDistrict wise position (2002) as per report of Human Develop0ment Commission

DistrictDistrict Per capita Per capita IncomeIncome

HDIHDI Rural BPL %Rural BPL % IMRIMR

MaharashtraMaharashtra 5486754867 0.580.58 35.735.7 3131

MumbaiMumbai 8934389343 1.001.00 ---- ----

Mumbai UrbanMumbai Urban 1.001.00 ----

ThaneThane 7853178531 0.820.82 45.045.0 3030

RaigadRaigad 5707457074 0.700.70 29.729.7 2626

RatnagiriRatnagiri 4506045060 0.440.44 34.734.7 2626

SindhudurgSindhudurg 4718347183 0.600.60 39.139.1 2525

NashikNashik 5584155841 0.510.51 40.440.4 2828

DhuleDhule 3086930869 0.360.36 53.653.6 2727

NandurbarNandurbar 3051630516 0.280.28 73.073.0 4040

JalgaonJalgaon 4318443184 0.500.50 43.343.3 4141

AhmednagarAhmednagar 4785347853 0.570.57 25.025.0 2121

PunePune 7996879968 0.760.76 19.519.5 2626

SataraSatara 4700947009 0.590.59 15.515.5 2626

SangliSangli 4669946699 0.680.68 16.416.4 2525

SolapurSolapur 4505545055 0.480.48 29.329.3 3333

KolhapurKolhapur 5593155931 0.640.64 17.617.6 2525

AurangabadAurangabad 4946549465 0.570.57 28.728.7 3636

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District wise position (2002) as per report of Human Development CommissionDistrict wise position (2002) as per report of Human Development Commission

DistrictDistrict Per capita Per capita IncomeIncome

HDIHDI Rural BPL %Rural BPL % IMRIMR

JalnaJalna 3263532635 0.270.27 38.338.3 2525

ParbhaniParbhani 3616136161 0.430.43 33.233.2 2727

HingoliHingoli 2915029150 0.430.43 34.534.5 4141

BeedBeed 3167231672 0.470.47 26.026.0 3333

NandedNanded 2885328853 0.370.37 30.630.6 3636

OsmanabadOsmanabad 2915529155 0.380.38 32.832.8 2424

LaturLatur 2876428764 0.470.47 29.829.8 3131

BuldhanaBuldhana 3016530165 0.410.41 44.544.5 3838

AkolaAkola 3675036750 0.440.44 48.148.1 3131

WashimWashim 2362823628 0.360.36 43.143.1 2525

AmravatiAmravati 3371033710 0.500.50 49.649.6 3535

YavatmalYavatmal 3697936979 0.220.22 45.545.5 4444

WardhaWardha 4175741757 0.490.49 41.141.1 3131

NagpurNagpur 6059260592 0.710.71 47.447.4 3838

BhandaraBhandara 4203742037 0.460.46 51.051.0 2929

GondiaGondia 3698636986 0.460.46 57.957.9 3333

ChandrapurChandrapur 4345643456 0.410.41 47.547.5 4444

GadchiroliGadchiroli 2437024370 0.210.21 55.055.0 2828

MaharashtraMaharashtra 5486754867 0.580.58 35.735.7 3131

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Percentage of poor by Regions in MaharashtraPercentage of poor by Regions in Maharashtra

RegionRegion

RuralRural

1993-941993-94 1999-001999-00 2004-052004-05

Kokan (Excl. Mum)Kokan (Excl. Mum) 15.215.2 18.4.18.4. 3030

Western Mah (Excl. Anagar)Western Mah (Excl. Anagar) 24.924.9 10.710.7 17.517.5

Khandesh (incl. A’nagar)Khandesh (incl. A’nagar) 47.347.3 31.831.8 35.535.5

MarathwadaMarathwada 49.849.8 24.224.2 2929

Amaravati Divn.Amaravati Divn. 49.149.1 31.731.7 4040

Nagpur Divn.Nagpur Divn. 49.349.3 41.941.9 5050

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Skewed Poverty Distribution in Skewed Poverty Distribution in

the Statethe State Maharashtra is :-Maharashtra is :-

Rich state Rich state -- NationallyNationally

Poor state Poor state -- LocallyLocally

Mumbai, Coop Processing & Dairy movement, 58% Mumbai, Coop Processing & Dairy movement, 58%

service sector contribution to GSDP, lower(12%) agri. service sector contribution to GSDP, lower(12%) agri.

Sector contribution but from cash crops creates a Sector contribution but from cash crops creates a

perception of affluenceperception of affluence

But 58% rural population still generates their livelihood from But 58% rural population still generates their livelihood from

agricultureagriculture

Majority of them from low end ari. Activities & laborMajority of them from low end ari. Activities & labor

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• Area : 3390 sq.km. (1% of state area)

• Population : 2.30 crore (54% of urban & 24% of state population)

• Per Capita income : Rs.85000 (54867- State Avg.)

• HDI : 0.91 (0.58)

• G S D P proportion : 45%

Mumbai Metropolitan Region

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8 Contagious Municipal Corporations8 Contagious Municipal Corporations . .

• Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan-Dombivli, Ulhasnagar, Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan-Dombivli, Ulhasnagar, Bhiwandi, Mira-Bhayandar, Vasai-Virar, Navi-Bhiwandi, Mira-Bhayandar, Vasai-Virar, Navi-Mumbai.Mumbai.

• Ambernath & Badlapur on the verge of becoming Ambernath & Badlapur on the verge of becoming municipal corporationsmunicipal corporations

• 9 other Municipalities, 55 Villages 9 other Municipalities, 55 Villages 25 k.m. from the periphery of Mumbai Metropolitan Region the Tribal Area of thane District starts25 k.m. from the periphery of Mumbai Metropolitan Region the Tribal Area of thane District starts Shahapur, Jawhar, Mokhada, Vada, Talasari, Dahanu.Shahapur, Jawhar, Mokhada, Vada, Talasari, Dahanu. Hard core Tribal areaHard core Tribal area Miles away from DevelopmentMiles away from Development 90% BPL Families (45% of these rural population)90% BPL Families (45% of these rural population) HDI much below State Average (0.23)HDI much below State Average (0.23) No market access (except warli paintings)No market access (except warli paintings) MalnutritionMalnutrition Agriculture, labour, minor forest produce collection Agriculture, labour, minor forest produce collection

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Poverty relevant Areas - Poverty relevant Areas - MaharashtraMaharashtra

12 Districts under Panchayat Extension to Schedule Area 12 Districts under Panchayat Extension to Schedule Area

(PESA)(PESA) Spread over whole stateSpread over whole state

49 PESA Intermediate Panchayats49 PESA Intermediate Panchayats 5000 PESA GPs5000 PESA GPs Tribal Population Tribal Population : 86 lakh : 86 lakh (16% of Rural Population – 9% of (16% of Rural Population – 9% of

total population)total population)

4 Districts are Minority dominated4 Districts are Minority dominated Hingoli, Parbhani, Buldhana, WashimHingoli, Parbhani, Buldhana, Washim Minority population : State - 15.6% (4 Districts - 35%)Minority population : State - 15.6% (4 Districts - 35%)

6 Districts affected by LWE (Naxalism)6 Districts affected by LWE (Naxalism) Gadchiroli, Gondia, Nanded, Yavatmal, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Nanded, Yavatmal, Chandrapur,

Bhandara.Bhandara.

25 Districts & 172 Blocks have HDI below state Avg. 27 25 Districts & 172 Blocks have HDI below state Avg. 27

Dist. Have PCI below state Avg.Dist. Have PCI below state Avg.

- PESA Districts in Maharashtra

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- LWE affected districts in Maharashtra

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- Minority Dominated Dist. in Maharashtra

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- Districts having PCI above State Avg.

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Diversity in Poverty- ExamplesDiversity in Poverty- Examples

According to UNDP/GOI Maharashtra is Ranked 4According to UNDP/GOI Maharashtra is Ranked 4thth (HDI-0.523) (HDI-0.523)

only after Kerala, Punjab, Hariyana.only after Kerala, Punjab, Hariyana.

State reproduced & declared its First District wise HDI report in State reproduced & declared its First District wise HDI report in

2002 based on 2002 based on

PCI, Education, IMR.PCI, Education, IMR.

It is 0.58 for state as a whole (Taking Mumbai HDI as 1)It is 0.58 for state as a whole (Taking Mumbai HDI as 1) 26 Districts have HDI below state Avg.26 Districts have HDI below state Avg.

Gadchiroli HDI-0.21, Yavatmal-0.22 taking Mumbai HDI asGadchiroli HDI-0.21, Yavatmal-0.22 taking Mumbai HDI as 11

State has gone a step further Block wise HDI computed 172 blocks have HDI below state Avg.

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Diversity in Poverty- ExamplesDiversity in Poverty- Examples

PUNE PUNE Most developed district (19.5% BPL)Most developed district (19.5% BPL)

Having 3 tribal talukas - Junnar, Ambegaon and KhedHaving 3 tribal talukas - Junnar, Ambegaon and Khed Hilly areas of Maval & MulshiHilly areas of Maval & Mulshi Rainshadow areas of Indapur & DaundRainshadow areas of Indapur & Daund Proximity to Mumbai MarketProximity to Mumbai Market Coop Movement, High Industrilisation has some trickle Coop Movement, High Industrilisation has some trickle

down effects in Hilly & Tribal areas.down effects in Hilly & Tribal areas. Floriculture. Vegetable, Onion Floriculture. Vegetable, Onion Still few individual villages with rampant poverty Still few individual villages with rampant poverty Though Comparatively less than state poverty Avg.Though Comparatively less than state poverty Avg.

(35%)(35%)

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NASHIKNASHIK

Industrially developed district.Industrially developed district.

Winery of Maharashtra,Winery of Maharashtra,

Agriculture, Horticulture growth, OnionAgriculture, Horticulture growth, Onion

Has substantial tribal populationHas substantial tribal population

BPL Family - 41%BPL Family - 41%

Benefits not gone to the tribals to the desired Benefits not gone to the tribals to the desired extentextent Poverty lives with plentyPoverty lives with plenty

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AHEMEDNAGARAHEMEDNAGAR

Maximum Sugar Factories in any district of the Maximum Sugar Factories in any district of the

StateState

Tribal Area in Akola Tahsil Tribal Area in Akola Tahsil Avg. district poverty - 25%Avg. district poverty - 25%

Tribal poverty - 50%Tribal poverty - 50%

Most of the District is in rain shadow areaMost of the District is in rain shadow area Excellent water shade development practicesExcellent water shade development practices

High % of BPL IN High % of BPL IN Rainshadow area where water guzzling crops not takenRainshadow area where water guzzling crops not taken Tribal area where dam is situated, Benefits not accrued Tribal area where dam is situated, Benefits not accrued

to Tribals to Tribals

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NAGPURNAGPUR Second Capital Second Capital

BPL – 48%BPL – 48% Tribal population in one TalukaTribal population in one Taluka Benefits by Psuedo tribals.Benefits by Psuedo tribals.

NANDURBAR, GADCHIROLINANDURBAR, GADCHIROLI are fully PESA are fully PESA DistrictsDistricts

BPLBPL HDIHDI PCIPCI

NandurbarNandurbar 73%73% 0.280.28 3051630516

GadchiroliGadchiroli 55%55% 0.210.21 2437024370

State State AverageAverage

35%35% 0.580.58 5486754867

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Agriculture related Poverty issuesAgriculture related Poverty issues Western MaharashtraWestern Maharashtra

Less average holding, more production Less average holding, more production particularly, sugarcane growth particularly, sugarcane growth but also poor talukas like Radhanagari (Kolhapur), Maan/Khatav but also poor talukas like Radhanagari (Kolhapur), Maan/Khatav

(Satara).(Satara).

Ratnagiri and SindhudurgRatnagiri and Sindhudurg Horticultural development through EGSHorticultural development through EGS

Below Poverty Line percentage is below state average (30%)Below Poverty Line percentage is below state average (30%)

Tribal and Scheduled Caste population insignificantTribal and Scheduled Caste population insignificant

Non tribals, non scheduled caste could take EGS benefitsNon tribals, non scheduled caste could take EGS benefits

But textile workers from Mumbai remigrated to But textile workers from Mumbai remigrated to these areasthese areas

Created some adverse social & economic effects aggreivating povertyCreated some adverse social & economic effects aggreivating poverty

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JALGAON, DHULEJALGAON, DHULE

Banana, Grapes are main cash cropsBanana, Grapes are main cash crops

Mostly by non-Mostly by non- tribals tribals BPL population not benefited significantly BPL population not benefited significantly Jalgaon BPL % – 43%Jalgaon BPL % – 43%

Dhule separated from fully tribal district – Dhule separated from fully tribal district –

NandurbarNandurbar

Dhule BPL Dhule BPL –– 53% 53%

Nandurbar BPL Nandurbar BPL – – 73%73%

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VIDARBHAVIDARBHA AssetAsset Poverty Poverty

More holding, less productionMore holding, less production Cause of suicides (?)Cause of suicides (?)

EntrepreneurialEntrepreneurial povertypoverty No advantage taken of EGS ProgrammesNo advantage taken of EGS Programmes

ProductivityProductivity povertypoverty Below average cotton productionBelow average cotton production

Nation – State – Vidarbha - YavatmalNation – State – Vidarbha - Yavatmal

Skill Poverty Textile Industry should be prominant source of

livelihood

other textile developed areas

Bhiwandi, Malegaon, Ichalkaranji, Solapur, Paithan,

Yevala

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Minor Forest ProduceMinor Forest Produce

Raw material available but skills are also equally Raw material available but skills are also equally rawraw

Bamboo and TenduBamboo and Tendu State MonopolyState Monopoly

Not included in MFPNot included in MFP

Tribals involved in collection onlyTribals involved in collection only

No processing activities in the hands of tribalsNo processing activities in the hands of tribals Bidi & paper Industry in private hands Bidi & paper Industry in private hands Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Gondia, Bhandara, Nagpur, Yavatmal.Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Gondia, Bhandara, Nagpur, Yavatmal.

Annual realisation – Rs. 1000 crore for Bamboo + TenduAnnual realisation – Rs. 1000 crore for Bamboo + Tendu Processing would multiply many fold value additionProcessing would multiply many fold value addition Ownership of other 32 MFP legally transferred to community Ownership of other 32 MFP legally transferred to community

through Panchayats through Panchayats No visible effect on poverty eradication in above districts No visible effect on poverty eradication in above districts

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Industrial ProductionIndustrial Production 26% GSDP generated from Industry 26% GSDP generated from Industry

BPLs have hardly any share in Industrial BPLs have hardly any share in Industrial

production production

Mostly in agro based Industries through co-op. Mostly in agro based Industries through co-op.

sectorsector

Micro-Enterprise activities by village artisans are Micro-Enterprise activities by village artisans are

also not much, though a lot of scope exists also not much, though a lot of scope exists

Need to develop supply chain involving BPL Micro-Need to develop supply chain involving BPL Micro-

Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs

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Service SectorService Sector 52% SGDP generated from service sector 52% SGDP generated from service sector

However share of BPLs is confined to low However share of BPLs is confined to low value, bottom level servicesvalue, bottom level services

Organised efforts to create demand-supply Organised efforts to create demand-supply chain not very much successful under SGSY chain not very much successful under SGSY

Skill honing, linkage with demand side failed Skill honing, linkage with demand side failed to take of barring certain sectors to take of barring certain sectors Garment, Beauty Parlor, Midday Meal supply, Garment, Beauty Parlor, Midday Meal supply,

computersation, domestic servant provisioning computersation, domestic servant provisioning

are certain sectors which can claim moderate are certain sectors which can claim moderate

success success

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Way ForwardWay Forward How to ensure inclusive & broad based How to ensure inclusive & broad based

growthgrowth Providing scope for BPLs to get due shareProviding scope for BPLs to get due share

Strong organisational set up of the poor, for Strong organisational set up of the poor, for the poor, by the poorthe poor, by the poor

Processes needs to be followed faithfully Processes needs to be followed faithfully Identification of the poor Identification of the poor Dedicated & sensitive manpower to deal Dedicated & sensitive manpower to deal

with the taskwith the task Role of credit institutions is most crucial Role of credit institutions is most crucial Skill development & capacity building Skill development & capacity building

arrangements is a key factorarrangements is a key factor

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Percentage of Rural Poor in Maharashtra and IndiaPercentage of Rural Poor in Maharashtra and India

MaharashtraMaharashtra IndiaIndia

Rural Rural Rural Rural

1973-741973-74 57.757.7 56.456.4

19831983 45.245.2 45.745.7

1993-941993-94 37.937.9 37.337.3

1999-001999-00 23.723.7 27.127.1

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Head count Ratio of Poverty By Social Groups, Maharashtra Head count Ratio of Poverty By Social Groups, Maharashtra 1999-2000 (%)1999-2000 (%)

IndicatorIndicator STST SCSC OBCOBC OthersOthers TotalTotal

Poverty Ratio (HCR)Poverty Ratio (HCR) 44.2044.20 31.6431.64 21.8921.89 12.7812.78 23.2223.22

Population Share Population Share 16.6316.63 13.0113.01 30.2730.27 40.1040.10 100.00100.00

Contribution to total Contribution to total HCRHCR

31.6631.66 17.7317.73 28.5428.54 22.0722.07 100.00100.00