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o Starting from the first treatment cycle with levetiracetam, 6 out of 7patients experienced considerable decrease in their Daily Record of

Severity of Problem socres

o Suggests that anticonvulsant medications, specifically levetiracetam,could be effective in the treatment of PMDD.

DIET

- Dietary advice constitutes an important aspect of nonpharmacological treatment ofPMDD.

- Reducing caffeine intake may minimize the potential adverse effects of excesscaffeine consumption (eg, nervousness, jitteriness).

- Restricting sodium intake may reduce bloating.- Symptoms resembling hypoglycemia by reducing intake of highly refined

carbohydrates and by having 5 or 6 smaller meals during the day instead of 3 large

meals.

- Consumption of complex carbohydrates and restriction or moderation of caffeineand alcohol intake have not been consistently beneficial in alleviating the

symptoms of PMDD.

ACTIVITY

- Moderate aerobic exercise improved premenstrual symptoms; however, nocontrolled studies of exercise as a single treatment have been conducted in women

with confirmed PMS or PMDD.- Aerobic exercise has not been consistently beneficial in alleviating the symptoms of

PMDD.

- Traditionally, aerobic exercise is recommended, particularly if depressive or fluidretention symptoms predominate.

- Unclear if aerobic exercise is more effective than nonaerobic- Efficacy of exercise could be because of raised endorphin levels, physiologic

changes, and psychological changes