EssentlalGrammar

ln Use

TH IRDEDITION

A self-study

ref erence

a nd practice

book forelementary

students ofEn glish

with answers

CRVTSNIDGEUNIYERSITY PRESSwww.cambridge.org

Raymond Murphy

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,Singapore, Sdo Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City

Cambr idge University Press

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK

www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title : www. c ambridge. or g / 97 80 5 2 I 67 5 802

O Cambridge University Press 2007

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,

no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.'

First published 1990

Second editionl99TThird edition 2007

I2th prtnttng 201I

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Canbridge

A catalogue recordfor this publication is availablefrom the British Library

ISBN 978-0-52I-67580-2 Edition with answers

ISBN 97 8-0-52I -67 581 -9 Edition without answers

ISBN 978-0-521-67543-7 Edition with answers and CD-ROMISBN 978-0-521-67544-4 CD-ROM for Windows (single user)ISBN 978-0-521-67545-I Network CD-ROM (30 users)

ISBN 978-3-12-539538-1 Klett edition with CD-ROMISBN 97 8-3-12-539 536-7 Klett Edition

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccttacy of URLs for external or third-parfy internet websites referred to inthis publication, and does not goatantee that any content on such websites is,

or will remain, accutate or appropdate. Informationregarding prices, traveltimetables and other facttal information given in this work is correct at

the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not g'rarantee

ttre accuracy of such information thereafter.

ThanksTo the r

To the r

Present

1an2ar3It4ar5 I,6I7D8I9I

Pasf

10 rr11 rr12 I13r1+r

Present

15r16 r't7r18Ft9fi20r

Pa-ssiut

2ri22i

I'erb _ft

23 1

2-+ I

Futurt?5r26 1

27t28,

IIofu.29 1

.3t:l

31,

It

Thanks viiTo the student viiiTo the teacher x

Present

L arn/is/are2 arn/is/are (questions)

3 I arn doing (present continuous)4 are you doing? (present continuous questions)

5 I dolwork/like etc. (present simple)

6 I don't ... (present simple negative)

7 Do you ... ? (present simple questions)

8 I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple)9 I have ... and I've got ...

Past

10 was/were11 worked/got/went etc. (past simple)12 I didn't ... Did you ... ? (past simple negative and questions)13 I was doing (past continuous)14 I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple)

Present perfect

15 I have done (present perfect 1)

16 I've just ... Iove already ... I havenot ... yet (present perGct 2)

17 Have you ever ... ? (present per{ect 3)

18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)

19 for since ago20 I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)

Passiue

21 is done was done (passive 1)

22 is being done has been done (passive 2)

Wrb;t'orms

23 be/have/do in present and past tenses

24 Regular and irregular verbs

Future

25 Vhat are you doing tornorrow?26 I'rn going to ...27 will/shall 1

28 will/shall 2

Modak, imperatiue etc.

29 might30 can and could31 must rnustn't don't need to

ffinPu*''

32 should33 I have to ...34 'Would you like ... ? I'd like ...35 Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!36 I used to ...

There and it37 there is there are38 there was/were there has,/have been there will be39 It ...

Auxiliary uerbs

40 I arn. I don't etc.

41 Flave you? Are you? Don't you? etc.

42 too/either so alrl I / neither do I etc.

13 isn't, haven't, don't etc. (negatives)

Questions44 is it... ? have you... ? do they... ? etc. (questions 1)

45 Who saw you? 'Who did you see? (questions 2)

46 'Who is she talking to? 'What is it like? (questions 3)

47 Vhat ... ? Which ... ? How ... ? (questions 4),+8 How long does it take ... ?

49 Do you know where ... ? I don't know what ... etc.

Reported speech

50 She said that ... He told rne that ...

-ing and to ...51 work/working golgoing doldoing52 to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)53 I want you to ... I told you to ...54 I went to the shop to ...

Go, get, ilo, make and haue

55 go to ... go on ...56 get57 do and rnake58 have

go for ... go -ing

Pronouns and possessiues

59 I/rne he/hitn they,/them etc.

60 rny/his/their etc.

6f Whose is this? It's rnine/yours,/hers etc.

62 l/lrc^e/rny/rnine63 rnyself/yourself/thernselves etc.

64 -'s (Kate's cariera / rny brother's car etc.)

.-l

a

tr

a

a

ttcrr

itl

*..,-- tl-i o

S(

nL

)rL' !i

'_bt.-a

': rl

rttL

tv I

A and the

65 a/an ..-66 train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)67 a bottle ,/ sotne water (countable/uncountable 1)

68 a cake / sorne cake / sorne cakes (countable,/uncountable

69 a/an and t}re70 the ...71 go to work go home go to the cinema72 I like music I hate exarns73 the ... (names of places)

Determiners and pronouns

7 4 this / that / these,/those75 one/ones76 sotne and any77 not t any no none78 not * anybody/anyone/anything7 9 sorrrebody/ anything/ nowhere etc.

nob odylno-one,/nothing

80 every and allU1 all rnost sorne any82 both either neither83 a lot rnuch rrany84 (a) little (a) few

Adiectives and aduerbs

85 old/nice/interesting etc. (adjective$

86 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)

87 oldlolder expensive / rnore expensive

2)

nolnone

88 older than ...89 not as ... as

90 the oldest91 enough92 too

Conjunctions and clauses

97 and but or

more expensive than ...

the rnost expensive

so because

Word order

93 He speaks English very well. (word order 1)

91 always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)

95 still yet akeady96 Give rne that book! Give it to rne!

98 When ...L)9 If we go ... If you see ... etc.

100 If I had ... If we went ... etc.

101 a person who ... a thing thatlwhich ...102 the people we rnet the hotel you stayed

(relative clauses 1)

at (relative clauses 2)

il][

Prepositions

103 at 8 o'clock on Monday in April104 frorn ... to until since for105 before after during while106 in at on (places 1)

107 in at on (places 2)108 to in at (places 3)109 under, behind, opposite etc.110 up, over, through etc.111 on at by with about1I2 afraid of ... , good at ... etc. of/at/for etc. (prepositions) + -ing113 listen to ... ,look at ... etc. (verb + preposition)

Phrasal uerbs

114 go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1)

115 put on your shoes put your shoes bn (phrasal verbs 2)

AppendicesAppendix 1 Active and passive 243Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs 244Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 245Appendix 4 Short forms (he's / I'd / don't etc.) 246Appendix 5 Spelling 248Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take offl give up etc.) 250Appendix 7 Phrasalverbs * object (put out afte / give up yourjob etc.) 2s1.

Additionalexercises 252

Study guide 271

Key to Exercises 283Key to Additional exercises 310Key to Study guide 313

f ndex 3I5

For thrthank.and re.

lllustraLisa Sr

Desigr

VI|il.

For their help in producing this third edition of Essential Grammar in (Jse, I would like tothank Liz Driscoll, Jessica Roberts and Alison Sharpe. I would also like to thank the teachersand reviewers from various countries who provided me with feedback on the previous edition.

Illustrations by Kate Charlesworth, Richard Deverel1, Gillian Martin, Roger Penwill,Lisa Smith, Ian-West and SimonWilhams

Design by Kamae Design

tln$. Ys;11*ut a

This is a grammar book forelementary students of English.There are 115 units in the book and

each unit is about a difTerent pointof English granxnar. There is a listof units at the beginning of the book(Contenk).

Do not study all the units in orderfrom beginning to end. It is better tochoose the units that you need to do.

For example, if you have a problemwith the present per{ect (I have been,

he has done etc.), study Units 15-20.

lJse the Contents or the Index (at theback of the book) to find the r-rnit

(or units) that you need.

If you are not sure

which units youneed to study, use

the Study guide at

the back of the

book.

r6ra!'A*hprslrEl.1{iidlls:h*i{:r'' :''l i:. r'l

Study guide (pages 271-282)

vilt

Each unit is two pages.

The information is onthe left-hand page and

the exercises are on thenght:

lnformation

Study the left-hand page (information), and thendo the exercises on the right-hand page.

Use the Key to check your answers. The Key ison pa€tes 283-309.

Study the ieft-hand page again if necessary.

Don't forget the seven

Appendices at the back of thebook (pages 2,13-251). Theservill give you inltorrnarion

about active and passive forms,irregular verbs, short forms,spelhng and phrasal verbs.

There are aTso Additionalexercises at the back of the

book (pagcs 252-270).There is a list of these

exercises on page 252.

CD Rom

You can buy this book with or without a

CD Rom. On the CD Rom there are moreexercises on all the units. and these are

different from the exercises in the book.There are also rnore than 600 test questions.

Exerciscs Unir 3

A .-t t u

G$Lnt-e,$ee

: ri""" ' ''ir::: i: ., ....

| 1,f""" '' :r' : .

Exercises

hlililr

ilffi,

The most important features of this book are:

I It is a grarunar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language.

n It is for elementary learners. It does not cover areas of gramnar which are not normallytaught at elementary level.

n It is a reference book with exercises. It is not a course book and is not organised

progressively.I It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study.

Organisation of the bookThere are 1.1.5 units in the book, each one focusing on a particuTar area of grammar. Thematerial is organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses, questions and articles. lJnits are

not ordered according to di{ficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the orderappropriate for the learner(s). The book should rzol be worked through from beginning to end.

The units are listed rnthe Contents and there is a comprehensle Index at the end of the book.

Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages. The grammar point is presented

and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. Thereare seven Appendices (pages 243-2.51) dealing with active and passive forms, irregular verbs,

short forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal verbs. It might be useful for teachers to drawstudents' attention to these.

At the back of the book there is a set of Additional exercises (pages252-270). These exercises

provide 'mixed'practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units(especially those concerning verb forms). There are 35 exercises in this section and there is a

full list on page 252.

Also at the back of the book there is a Study guide to help students decide which units to study

- see page 27I.

Finally, there is a Key (pages 283-309) for students to check their answers to all the exercises inthe book. An edition without the Study guide and Key is aiallable for teachers who wouldprefer it for their students.

Level

The book is for elementary learners, i.e. learners with very little English, but not for complete

beginners. It is intended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the ear\ stages of abeginners'course. It could also be used by low-intermediate learners whose grammar is

weaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas of basic

grammar.

The explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as

short as possible. The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so

that the book can be used at this level.

Using the bookThe book can be used by students working alone (see To the studenf) or as supplementary

course material. In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book.

When used as course material, the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later

revision or remedial work. It might be used by the whole class or by individual students

needing extra help and practice.

In so:

n:lass-

trnm;nretbe'iuile

Ssrntindir,r;Mrd t

ICD R

The I

rn, th,

rCtJmtr

E

T1

JM

-l

l

\X

In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) inclass, but it should be noted that these have been written for individual study and reference.

In most cases, it would probably be better for teachers to present the grammar point in theirpreferred way with the exercises being done for homework. The left-hand page is then

avaiiable for later reference by the student.

Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In this case,

individual students or groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study

and practice.

CD Rom

The book is sold with or without a CD Rom. This contains further exercises on all the units

in the book, as well as a bank of more than 600 test questions from which users can select to

compile their own tests. The CD Rom is also available separately.

Essential G rammar in Use Third EditionThis is a new edition of Essen.tial Cyammar in LIse. The differences between this editionand the second edition are:

I The book has been redesigned with new colour illustrations.

n There is one new unit (Unit 35) and some reorganisation, so that most units have

different numbers from the previous edition.

n There are many (usually minor) revisions to the explanations, examples and exercises.

! There are two new pages of Additional exercises (pages 252-270).

n There is a new Study guide at the back of the book to help users decide which units tostudy.

n There is a new CD Rom with further exercises to accompany the book.

rc em,/i.s/€re,

7( My lather is a doctor and my )W

>\\-i_( My favourite sports are\

W>\--@irrgrat

fFFffi positiue

I am (I'-)he

she

itts

(he's)

(she's)

(it's)

weyouthey

afe(r,ve're)

(you're)(they're)

short;formshort form short -forms

tr I'rn co1d. Can you close the window, please?

n I'rn 32 years old. My sister is 29.

n Steve is i11. He's in bed.tr My brother is afraid of dogs.

tr lt's ten o'clock. You're late again.

fl Ann and I are good friends.Ll Your keys are on the table.

fl I'rn tired, but I'rn not hungry.tr Tom isn't interested in politics. He's interested in music.

n Jane isn't a teacher. She's a student.

tr Those people aren't English. They're Australian.fJ lt's sunny today, but it isn't warm.

ffiiF that's = that is there's = there is here's = here is

n Thank yor,r. That's very kind of you-l Lookl Therc's Chris.fl 'Flere's your key.' 'Thank you.'

I'm American. I'm from Chicago. My favourite colour is blue.

negdtwe

I arn not (I'm not)

he

she

itIS not

(he's not or he isn't)(she's not or she isn't)(it's not or it isn't)

we

youthey

afe not(rve're not or r,ve aren't)(you'te not or you aren't)(they're not ol' they aren't)

"t2 am/is/are (questions) - Un!t 2 there is/are - !.Jr!:i:t7 alan - !-lnit 65 short forms - Appemriix 4

Exe re ises Unit 1

Write the short form {she's / we aren't etc.}.. .lno) .

Write am, is or are.

1 The weather L2 nice today. 5 Lookl There Carol.

2 I not rich. 6 My brother and L ... .. good tennis players.

3 This b"g hearry. 7 Emily at home. Her children at school.

4 These bags . .. hear,ry. B I a taxi driver- My sister a nurse.

Compiete the sentences.

1 Steve is ill. Hq't in bed.

2 I'n not hungry, but . .. thirsty.

3 MrThomas is a very o1d man. .. .. 98.

4 These chairs aren't beautiful, but . comfortable.

5 The weather is nice today. *".- and sunny.

6', late.' 'No. l'rrr not. I'nr early!'

7 Catherine isn't at home. at work.

B' your coat.' 'Oh, thank you very much.'

Look at Lisa's sentences in 1A. Now write sentences about yourself.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

fflJ -;(',"Y@tr

_rb':!,-a{ /r \qw)

=ffi*

l1

1 (name?) My2 (from?) I3 (age?) I4 fob?) I

Write sentences for the pictures. Use:

afraid alngry cold hot hungrY

5 (favourite colour or colours?)

My6 (interested in ... ?)

I

+hi+st+

fL..99nlt.h.qt tod4g, or lLls hrtL .tn.44y,

7 She's thks\. 3 He2 They 4 ...

5

6

1.6 Write true sentence s, positive or ne gative . Use is/isn't or are/aren't.

1. (it / hot today)

2 (it / windy today) It3 (-y hands / cold) My4 (BrazlI / a very big country)5 (diamonds / cheap)

6 (Toronto / in the US)

Write true sentences, positive or negative' Use I'm / I'm not'

7 (tired) .11f. tired., or !lm.4ql tired,

8 (hungry) I .

9 (a good swimmer)10 (interested in football)

- Additional exercise 1 (page 252) 13

.a,m/is/a re (0 uesti ons)

positiue

T alt'l

heshe

itls

weyouthey

are

n 'Arn I late?' 'No, you're on time.'il 'Is your rnother at home?' 'No, she's out.'n 'Are your parents at home?' 'No, they're out.'n 'Is it cold in your room?' 'Yes, a little.'n Your shoes are nice. Are they new?

'We say:

n Is she at home?./ Is your mother at home? QtotIs at home your mother?)n Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (not Are new your shoes?)

E

quesnon

aftt I?

tshe?

she?

arerve?

you?

they?

How old are you?

a:

.lW

No, I'm single.

a;\4l:::,-/_la:41

ry vhere ...? /vhat ...? / 'who... ? /How... ?/vhy... ?

n Vhere is your mother? Is she at home?n 'Vhere are you fiom?' 'Canada.'

n 'What colour is your car?' 'It's red.'u 'How old is Joe?' 'He's 24.'

n How are your parents? Are they well?n These postcards are nice. How tnuch are they?

n This hotel isn't very good. Vhy is it so expensive?

what's : what is who's : who is how's = how is rvhere's = where isu What's the time? tr Vho's that man?

n Where's Lucy? n Flow's your father?

Short answers

Yes,

attl.

he

she

it1S.

weyouthey

ate.

u 'Are you tired?' 'Yes, I am.'n 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I'rn not, but I'm thirsty.'n 'Is your friend English?' 'Yes, he is.'tr 'Are these your keys?' 'Yes, they are.'n 'That's my seat.' 'No, it isn't.'

am/is/are - Unit 1 questions - Unii 44 what/which/how - Unit 47

No,

he

she

rtisn't.

aren't.weyouthey

No,

I'rn

not.

he'ssn e's

it's

we'reyou'rethey're

14

Exercises Unit 22.1 Find the right answers for the questions.

1 'Where's the camera?

2 Is your car blue?3 Is Linda from London?4 Am I late?

5 Where's Ann from?6 'What colour is your bag?

7 Are you hungry?8 How is George?9 'Whot

that woman?

A London.B No, I'm not.C Yes, you are.

D My sister.

E Black.F No, it's black.G In your bag.

H No, she's American.I Very well.

1.2 .....

-)

4 ....

5

6

7

8 ..

9 ...

2.2 Make questions with these words.

1 (ts / at home / your mother) ..ls gouq mgther aL hqme

2 (your parents / are / we77) . Are gou.r. parenL.s..y9.dL

3 (interesting / is / your job)4 (the shops / are / open today)5 (from,/ where / you / arc)

6 (interested in sport / you / are) ...

7 (is / near here ,/ the post office) ...

B (at school / are / your children)9 (you / are / late / why)

2.3 Complete the questions. Use What ... i Who ... / Where ... / How .." .

.Hqp ara. your parents?

......... the bus stop?

your children?.... . .. these oranges?

your favourite sport?

... the man in this photograph?................ vour new shoes?

?

?

?

?

1

2

-)

4

5

6

7

2.4 Write the questions.

r2

-)

4

5

6

7

8

9

Write short answers (Yes, I am. / No,

1 Are you marriedl Nq,..l.ln nqt,2 Are you thirsry?3 Is it cold today?

They're very well.At the end of the street.

Five, six and ten.

d1.50 a kilo.Skiing.That's my father.Black.

Paul.

No, I'm Australian.I'm 30.

No, I'm a lawyer.Yes, I am.

No, shet a designer.

She's Italian.Anna.Shet 27.

1E he isn't. etc.).

4 Are your hands cold?5 Is it dark nou ?

6 Are you r teacher?

- Additional exercises 1-2 (pages 252-53)

(name?) Whads gour nqrye?

(Amerjcan?)(how old?)

(a teacher?)

(married?)

(wife a lawryer?)

(from?)(her name?)

(how old?)

M

lam doing (present continuous)E;

_2

I I .i il.r .i.i

She's eating.Shc isn't reading.

The present continuous is:

It's raining.The sun isn't shining.

They're running.They aren't walking.

alrr / is / are * doing/eating,/running,/writing etc.

I am (not)

-irg

he

she

itis (not)

weyouthey

are (not)

n I'm working. I'm not watching TV

t-l Maria is reading a newspaper.n She isn't eating. (or She's not eating.)n The phone is ringing.

n W'ete having dinner.n You're not listening to me. (orYou aren't listening ...)n The children are doing their homeu'ork.

arn/is/are + -ing = something is happening nour

I'rn workingshe's wearing a hat

they're playing footbail['rn not watching television

past

n Please be quiet. I'tn working. (: I'm working now)n Look, there's Sarah. She's wearing a brown coat. (= she is wearing it now)r The weather is nice. lt's not raining.n '-Where are the children?' 'They're playing in the park.'

n (on the phone) 'We're having dinner now Can I phone you iater?

n You can turn off the television. I'rn not watching it.

Spelling (- Appendix 5):

cgnre + coming write - writing dance * dancingrun + running sit - sitting swirr-r - srvimrninglie - lying

am/is/are*Unit I areyou doing?(questions) -Unit 4 lam doingand ldo-Unit B

What are you doing tomorrow? - Unit 25

_future

3,.1

t6

-a-i'a<_t+ ::<{. z-'<f: - '

Hx* g'e Bse s

What ar"e these peo4:le ri*ing? l.Jsr

eat have lis dqF sit

these verbs to conipiete thc sentcnces:

-wait-

Un:Et 3

the floor.breakfast.

the tab1e.

_rj

for a bus.

football

3.2 Cclrnp!ete the se nte nres.

build -eeek- go -hav€'- -sta.nd= ++ay-

1 Please be quiet. 1 lry woqkr,ng . - \ o.r*^-kl i n1'#il1j:ffij' ' ,;lilffrl r,;.n." ,.'N qsd\nq3 'You OSS- h\AlfqUn9 on ,.,,y [oot.' 'oh, l'r' .o.ry.' U,l Look! Somebody@) tNo-D\NS\srlqin the river.

L\\1n$\V

I2

3

5 We're here on holiday. W. OJIQ- I at the Central Hotel.

,') " -]

; -N|;'RIS. hrlftSr%*:Ytl:l$:. ;Y :H:::rre,r rhe,,,.,,en,8 rLr{x\ qQi$p1 ,,#, coodbye.

Look at r** O*uur*. OSr,** sentences ahsli..{t iane. Use She's *inq nr SFre isn't -iarg.

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

Ja ne

.) "+ What's l"rag:pe r:ing ;':nw? Write true sentenccs.

(I / wash / nry hair) llm noi: r,'ro--r!i.i.ng rng hai,r

(have dinner) Jans, Lsvtlt' havurg dinfl#,(rvatch television) She's lua^f1.! tnE teLavlsnn,,

i i r i ntr'{r'.T' J{r}*i$*tU N$s,"]

i*:*li' {ka\"'

1*,it.., 1.11.,-13\ tfrrr,* \td\ISf+ c. IEX\C .

I2

-)

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1it srrow) . lt s snou"ri-irq sr - ti r.1r,lt 11or'yung.

(r / sir / on .r cruir) XgSXt i>rL\WX*, &1t Q,. eI\A\,\(r / crr) Slfn m$n alQN$E

,

(ir z rrin) l* tJ:nl + S\q\$iNo s {(it rrin) f,f '[\$]l i(l 'lcrrn English; $ OUl"t\ \(

X- ncl'ft r-ncn'(r 'rcrrn Engtish; # oul"l \{-q-JArt\.oG- a ({\$l\I\ . ^ -

(r z ti.ten to rr*rsic) '(Rfl n$l_qqa${.q++S c{x$}a

I r;.rflg

6.tJlB

$LSle's eattng^

s

He \KN\AXrr'.y- -QJt9-

tr

@

t'.'.ll

are you(pre sent

,l r 1,, I'it.t,l

positiue

doi ng ?c0ntin uous q uestiOrns)

I atl]

doingworkinggoingstaying

etc,

he

she

it1S

weyouthey

afe

question

atn I

doing?working?going?staying?

etc.

ls

he

she

it

areweyouthey

tr 'Are you feeling OK?' 'Yes, I'm fine, thanks.'n 'Is it raining?' 'Yes, take an umbrella.'n Why are you wearing a coat? It's not cold.tr ''What's Paul doing?' 'FIe's reading the newspaper.'

n 'What are the children doing?' 'They're watching television.'n Look, there's Emily! -Where's

she going?n Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue?

Study the word order:

is/are -f subject + -itg

Short answers

No,

I'rn

not.

ne's

shc's

r t's

wetreyou'rethey're

No,

he

she

itisn't

weyouthey

arett't

L'.

rl 'Are you going now?' 'Yes, I atn.'tr 'Is Paul working today?' 'Yes, he is.'n 'Is it raining?' 'No, it isn't.'tr 'Are your friends staying at a hotel?' 'Noo they aren't. They're staying with me.

4.4

E

Where-Where

IsIsafeare

he

Paul

theythose people

working today?

working today? (nol Is working Paul today?)

going?going? (norWhere are going those people?)

Yes

I arxt.

heshe

itls.

weyouthey

ate

I am doing - Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? - Unit 25 questions * Units 44-47

Look at the pictures and write the questions.

(you/watch/it?)Are gou wq!4\rng rt!

(it / rain?)

No, not at the moment.No, you can turn it off.

I wait I for a bus?)(you / enjoy./ lhe filmT)

No, for a taxi.No, it's broken.Yes, it's very funny.

Exe rcises

4,1 Look at the

Unit 4

4.2 Look at the pictures and complete

'trf- .eal4 -tt laugh

the questions. Use:

tookat r€a+

rm\ reaA)nq z )Ue=_:-p* ffi-@

ffi-k'@erc

Make questions from these words. Put the words in the right order.

Write short answers (Yes, I am. I No, he isn't. etc.).

1 Are you watchingTv? !9, llm nO-t-, 4 Is it rainine? Y

I (is / working / PauI u today) 12 Pqu'L wo1kung +n84'4

2 (what z the children / arc i'aoing; oWf;Q"L,are *"^:htkkt d'o-^g

3 (you / arc / listening / to me) ,,$|.L\,R\$ \ Yf1 Y Yi:"A -1

"a,\r \\4 (where / yourfrienis / are / g"i"g;\Xl\Qg$H,.S5l$5 (are / watching / your parents /.^qelevision)\F

6 (what / Jessica / is z cookingl\,N$q\.U-'^^'.,.^^ ;'^: ...^' 1t\\t I r at mN

; i*z:**ru1,:;t,r,tru''fiN I4.4

- Additional exercise 3 (page 253)

I dofworrkll,ike etc. (prese nt ,sirmple)

They're lookrng at their booksTirey read a 1ot.

He's eating an ice-cream.He likes ice-cream.

They read / he likes / I work etc. = the present simple:

work live watch do

works lives watches does has

Remember:he rvorks / she lives / it rains etc.

n I work in a shop. My brother works in a bank. (not My brother rvork)n Lucy lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.I It rains a lot in ivinter.

I have - helshe/it has:r: John has a shower every day.

SPelling (- ApPendix 5):

-es after -s t -sh / -ch'. pass -+ passes finish - finishes rvatch + rvatches

-y + -ies: study - studies try - triesalso.. do * does go + goes

ffiffi? -we

use the present sirnple for thi'gs that are true in eeneral, or lbr things that happensometinles or all the tlne:

: I like big ciries.

[l] Your English is good. You speak very well.fl Tinr works very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.[t The earth goes round the sun.

n We do a lot of diflerent things in our free time.Ll It costs a lot of money to build a hospital.

always,/never / often / ssually/sometirnes * present simple

D Sue always gets to work early. (not Sue gets ahvays)

I--: I never eat breakfast. (n,ot I eat never)

n We often go away at r.veekends.

tr Mark usually plays football on Sundays.

n I sornetimes walk to work. but not very 6ftsr.

r ldon't... (negative) -llnit fi Doyou... ?(questions) -Umit7 lam doingand ldo- Unit !20 always/usually/often etc. (word order) - [!nil 34

tr:

Exe rcises

5.2

5.4

q6

Unit 55,1 Write these verbs with -s or -es.

| (r'cad) she f'944.? , i (lly) it2 (rhink) he \ t, I !, r ' . zl (darrce) hc

Complete the sentences about the people

eat go live plaf play

5 (have)

6 (finish)'r i' l'.

i .t1q.\iir'- '

{, 1

she

it[i-.* ,

\it lr l:

in the pictures. Use:

sleep

t Hg Pkgs * the piano.2-Jhey "J;I'l3t in a very big house.

-l('\ :, f ,. t-:.

Complete the sentences. Use:

boil close, cost cost like ,

1 Maria ?P?9*?- ... four languages.

2 The shops in the city centre usually

tennls.to the cinema a lot-seven hours a night.

like ..meet, -open +peak teach *uih*

l'r^4 -\ \

'**1 \5lt .,/-6 !,\r. f1:

5.3

3 The CityMuseum ).,.., -;,.-,,,t at 5 o'clockin the evening.4 Tina is a teacher. 51]. ),t,[yc\.,..i -.. mathernatics to young children.5Myjobisveryinteresting.II',6 Peter'.s car is always dirty. He never .-t,\1i,1, I I , I . it.7 Food is expensive. It . .),

- ., a lot of money..

Write se ntences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives etc.).

5 (fulia / parties / enjoy / always) ii,', I i." . ',.,,:', .,'

b (oFten 'pcoplcs nanres u I z Forger) L-\-: -

7(telcvisionrTnn/wrrch rrever) , ,l] .I'I8 (usually / dinner / we / have / at 7 .30) :

9 flenny / always / ntce clothes / wear) . .:.1.. . ., .

u Shoes are expensivc. They a lot of money.9 Wrrer . . ar llu degreres Cclsirrs. \

l0 Julia rnd l .rre good flricnds. l , )r her and she ' . me.

Write sentenees about yourself. Use always/neve r/often/usually/sometimes.

1 (watch TV in the evening) ! !4f,/4!,E w4&9h TV.. ut ttrte e'lantng,

2 (read in bed) I3 (get up before 7 o'clock).:{* 4 (go ro work,, 'chool by bus)

5 (drink cofTee in the rnorning)

l

*nmm***'

, ("'.'-- .',

I ,.dor,n't .1. {plesent sim pleThe present simple negative is don't,/doesrt't I uerb:

nlegstive)

He doesn't like his job.

positiue

Iwe

youthey

worklikedohave

he

she

it

workslikesdoeshas

n I drink cofTee, but I don't drink tea.

n Sue drinks tea, but she doesn't drink coflee.n You don't work very hard.tr 'We don't watch television very often.n The weather is usually nice. It doesn't rain very often.n Gary and Nicole don't know many people.

Remember:

I/we/you/they don't ... n I don't like football.he/she/it doesn't ... n He doesn't like football.

n I don't like Fred and Fred doesn't like me. (not Fred don't like)n My car doesnot use much petrol. (not My car don't use)

u Sometimes he is 1ate, but it doesn't happen very often.

-We use don't,/doesn't * infin,itiue (don't like / doesn't speak,/ doesn't do etc..,:

n I don't like washing the car. I don't do it very often.tr Sarah speaks Spanish, but she doesn't speak Italian. (nof doesn't speaks',

tr Bili doesn't do his job very well. (rzor Bill doesn't his job)I Paula doesn't usually have breakfast. (not doesn't ... h"t)

I do/work/like etc. (present simple) - L!nit 5 Do you ... ? (present simple questions) - Unit 7

She doesn't drink cofTee.

negatiue

doesn't(does not)

F-

TXC TC!SCS

6"1 Write the negative.

1 I play the piano very well.2 Jane plays the piano very well.3 They know my phone number.4 'We rvork very hard.5 He has a bath every day.

6 You do the same thing every day.

I dnnli pVU ** pwnp

JaneThey

Un!t 6

u""* t*,

6.2 Study the information and write sentences with like.

Y,.'-j*\ rg@@\uxe ... t ) Brr rro

\opurc Klrp. Yor:

I bon gryd SqphLe

Kate .. ,

I

2 Ben and SophieI{ate . ...

I

3

hke- Qrqs2u,q[ musw,

classical music.

watch TV. or

1 classical music?

2 boxing?

3 horror fi1ms?

ves

11()

yes

no

yes

no

?

b.J Write about yourself. Use:

I never ... or I often ... or I dcn't "." very often.1 (watchTV) | donlt ryq&$ Tr.:rexU.9{tny. rsr | .np:ex

! o{berr nr4k& TV,

5 (travel b1, train)

S"4 Complete the serrtences. All of them are negative. Use don't/doesn't + these verbs:cost go know +ea4 see use wear

1 I buy a n'ewspaper every day, but sometim.r I . dpn t fgg& .. it.2 Paui has a car, but he it very often.3 Paul and his friends iike fihns, but they . to the cinema verv often.4 Amanda is married, but she a ring.5I much about politics. I'm not interested in it.

6.5 Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative"

1 Margaret 5P?gX3 four languages - English, French, German and Spanish. (speak)2 1 &an'L Akz ... my job. It,s veryboring. (1ike)

6 The Regent Hotel isn't expensive. It7 Brian lives very near Lls, but we ......

3 'Where's Martin?' 'I'm sorry. I4 Sue is a very quiet person. She .

5 Andy6 lt's nor truel I

7 That's a very beautiful picture. I8 Mark is a vegetarian. He

.. much to stay there.him very often.

(know). very much. (ta1k)

a lot of tea. It's his favourite drink. (drink)it! (believe)

it very much. (like)meat. (eat)

23

Do, yo,u n..,l?,{present simple-We

use do,/does in present simple questions:

q u,eitions)

i

I

FFFF Stucly the word order:

do lzwc/youi rhey .

does he,/she/tt...

youyour friendsChrisyour parents

youthis wordit

Questions r,vith always / usually / often'.

What

DoDoes

do

youChrisyoLl

alwaysoftenusuallv

havephordo

What do you do? : What's your job?

n ''What do you do?' 'I work in a bank.'

Renrenrber:

n Do they like music?

n Does he like music?

r, i 'l:,.': i' l:i,.,'

ffifr shortanswers

t ',*.,v.**" * llYe'.r - -'-------L 1.,.!. 11,1""':

t-.i 'Do you play tennis?' 'No, I don't.n 'Do your parents speak English?' 'Yes, they do.'n 'Does Gary work hard?' 'Yes, he does.'n 'Does your sister live in London.' 'No, she doesn't.'

I do/work/like etc. - Unit 5 I don't ... (negative) - Unit {i questions * Units 44-47

questr0npostttue

doldoes+ subject + irLfinitiue

Where doHow often I do

What I doesHow r-r'rtich i does

workliveplaylive?washrnean?cost

on Sundays?

near here?

tennis?

your hair?

to fly to Rome?

l,/we/yor-r,/they don't

he/she/it doesn't.

24

7"1

Exe rcises

Write questians with Do ... ? ancl Does ... ?

1 I like chocolate. How about you?2 I play tennis. How about you?3 You live near here. FIow abor-rt Lucy?4 Tom plays tennis. How about his fi-iends?5 You speak English. How about your brother?6 I do yoga every morning. How about you?7 Sue often goes away. How about Paul?8 I want to be famous. How about you?9 You work hard. How about Anna?

7'2 Make questions from these words + clofdoes. Purt the words in the right creler.

1 (where / live / yoLu parents) Wherg, d,o .ggay pqrrenLtr {.i.rq.

2 (you / ea{y,/ always / get up) Dc gqu rJwq4s gat, y.p WW3 (how often / TV / you / watch),l (you / .rant,/ what / for dinner)5 (like / you / football)6 (your brother / ltke / footbali)7 (rvhat / you / do / in your fi-ee time)8 (your sister ,/ work ,/ where)9 (to the cinema / often / vou / go)

10 (what ,/ mean / rhis word)11 (often / snow / it / here)12 (go ,/ usually / to bed ,/ what time / you)

13 (horv much,/ to phone NewYork / it / cost)

Compiete the questions.

I work in a bookshop.It's OK.At 9 o'clock.Soirretimes.

Usually by bus.

He's a teacher.Science.

Yes. he loves it.

Do g,o_u Lika chp.enlp&p

vou ...... .

Lr-rcv ..

L.lnit 7

?

.??

?

.??

?

.?.?

?

-J^ do

Use these verbs:

enjoy go like

r2

J

4

5

6

7

tJ

start teach

I dcn't. etc.).

I d-onlt. 0r Yas,

7.4 Write short answers [Yes, he does" / ['Jo,

1 Do you watch TV a lot? No-,

2 Do yor-r live in a big city?3 Do you often ride a bicycle?4 Does it rain a lot where you live?

5 Do you play the piano?

What -do UA4 do ?

.W.hattime

on Slturdrvs?How .. . to work?

And your husband. What ?

What . ?

his job?

- Aelditional exercises 4-7 (pages 253-54)

'f, ,fl111 .0i,ng (present continuOlus}, and

Jack is r,vatching television.He is not pllying the guirar'.

But Jack has a guitar.He often plays it and he plays very well.

Jack plays the guitar,but he is not playing the guitar now.

Is he playing the guitar? No, he isn't.Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does.

(present continuotts)

(present simple)

ffiifiPresentcontinuous(Iarrrdoing)=now'atthetimeofspeaking:

Iom doing

pdst noLL)

tr Please be quiet. I'rn working. (tot I work)u Tom is having a shower at the mornent. (nofTom has)

n Take an umbrella r,vith you. It's raining.n You can turn oflthe television. I'rn not watching it.n Why are you under the table? 'What are you doing?

future

want know understand remernberneed tnean believe forget

26:,,:

- . l . itir , :

ffiPresentsinpte(Ido)=ingenera1,a11thetirneorsonretimes

Ido

pdst tlow frrttrre

I I work every day from 9 o'clock to 5.30.n Tom has a shower evcry nrorning.n lr rains a lot in rvinrer.n I don't watch television very often.n 'What do you usually do at the weekend?

We do nol use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):

like loveprefer hate

depend

Use only the present simple with these verbs (I want / do you like? etc.):tr I'm tired. I want to go home. (notl'n wanting)tr 'Do you know that girl?' 'Yes, but I don't remernber her name.'ll I donot understand. What do vou mean?

present continuous - Units 3-4 present simple - Units 5-7 present for the future - Uni: ::

Exe rcises

3 'Whatt tu+r"y? Whv 0JlS- you laughing?J wnats rulnyi \

4 'what. calN your sister do?' , 1 'She's a dentist.

Unit I

conrplete the sentences with am/isiare or cro/cron't/does/doesn't" ^_r

r Excuse me. fu- you spcak Engrish? hlrW .) $ .

2 '\Vhere's Kate?' 't C(Ql.r\lt k,,,o*.,

8 Steve is a good tennis player, but he

it cost to sBnd-r lettcr.to Canada?:ur hc dG\Drn't'r.,, ,,.,..,ItniTplay very often.

8.3 Put the verb in the pi'esent continuous (l am doing) or the present simple (l do).

5 It [.15 r - .ri';i]"'r '&61^ + wanr ro

6 'Where d$.. - you conre l.rom?' 'Canada.J rr L/J u ra1n1ng. r .(XVd.l\ 1... want to go out in the rain.6 'Where dS - you conre l.rom?' 'Canada.'7 How nruch &A[qD it cosr to s,qnd.r lerrcr.ro Canada?

Excuse me, d-o- go\ ?peak (you/speak) English?''Where's Tom?' ' . Hp q havwg (he/have) a shower.,

1

2

J

45

6

7

IJ

9

10

11

12

13

I4

(ting).(she/want) to go home now.

\l-NH (you/sit) in my place.' 'Oh,I'm sorry.'QNify'u nor undersralr{). Can vou speak more slowlv?,l 1:.,1.1'.j:I\$,n $ln-r 'c etml€\l'E

$,Tli:'#:&rois'.A3,+r.\ fucnur h,St))

*l'itrffir{r'frl'ffiW(your Farhcr z finish) work every day?

inUlp (l,notu lisren) ro it.

Does he take photographs? . Yep, h|, d"aap-,

Is he taking a photograp6T No,. he Lsn'{,,

Wha.t is he doing?Hels ho"vtng e bq.LY'.

Is she driving a bus?

Does she drive a bus?'What

is she doins?S\4. r\ dr6 qllv(

l'm a uoi;rd.ourr cleaney.

Does he clean windows?Is he cleaning a window?

ffilllltlrrrru"'

lr,'ftg,.tg,'.1'., r. A,hd I l'rrpYou can say I have or I've got, he

+sltort form

Il I have blue eyes. ()r I've got blue eyes.

n Tim has two sisters. or Tim has got two sisters.

x Our car has four doors. or Our car has got four doors.n Sarah isn't feeling we11. She has a headache. ot She's got a

I They like animals. They have a horse, three dogs and six cats.

headache.

or Thev've got :r horse

1il

gst r.!he's got:has or

(l've got)(lve've got)(you've got)(they've got)

(he's got)(she's got)

l've goL a heaA-a<he.

question

ffi I haven't got / haveyou got? etc.

n.e.qatiue

I

lve i have notyou ] (haven't)they | ] got

hehas not

'n; I i;;;;jil I've got a motorbike, but I haven't got a car.

tr Tracey andJeff haven't got any children.I Itt a nice house, but it hasn't got a garden.[ 'Flave you got a camera?' 'No, I haven't.'r 'What have you got rn your bag?' 'Nothing. It's empty.'tr 'Has Helen got a car?' 'Yes, she has.'n What kind of car has she got?

I don't have / do you have? etc.

In negatives and questions you can also use doldoes ... :

n They don't have any children. (: They haven't got any children.)n It's a nice house, but it doesn't have a garden. (- it hasn't got a garden,r

tr Does Helen have a car? (: FIas Heien got a car?)

n 'What do you have in your bag? (= What have you got in your bag?)

short answers

28 had / didn't have fpast) - ijirits !'l *i2 have breakfast/ have a shower etc. - L.lnit 5* some an\ - -r-i.r ?*

Exercise s

1 They have two children.2 She doesn't have a kcv.3 He has a new job.,l They don't have nruch rnoney.5 1)o yor-r have an umbrella?

Urait I9.1 Write the shnrt form with got {we've got / he hasn't got etc.}.

1 we have got welve' gaL 3 they hane got'i. .,..:t.:,.. ',. ,,. "'5 it has got , .

2 he has got , 4 :he lrrs ,'oigo, r-, I hrue'no, go,

Read the questions and answe rs. Then write se ntences about F"4ark"

Have you got a car?

Flave you sot a contputer?Have you got a dog?

Have you got a mobile phone?Have you got a watch?

Have you got any brothers orslsters i

What about y*u? Writr se ntences with7 (a computer) .-. , ,,. ,

o

8 (adog) , , I..q (a biket

l l t lbrorhers/sisters)

9.3 Write these sentences with g*t {l've got / have you Eot etc"). The meaninq !s the same.

1

2

3

4

5

6

E've got or I haven't got.

\''.'\

6 We have a lot of work to do. .. : :;.... :,,..

7 I don't have your phone number. ..,, . !,,..:,,,:,,,..

8 Does your father have a crr? \-lrgj$f-9 How much n-roney do rve have? f ' ]...,r.:.

i\

iii''n 1,.";''ri; :,iil;, t, ,..! i-lilri. i iii ,.ti ,

M .J$,t G,ir,*, tfiil

qhiL&_ron,

c k?g,,.. \i. r.

"

i ..r.\L

4.+

aa Write have got {'ve got}, h*s gct {'s got}, haven't got or hasn,t qot. :,).{*

-i+ tCrl',l,lCli,)'t,l5r:,.r(Xr

got 't\'r {* i 'l'

1 Sarah -

h*pn'L got a car-. She goes everylvhere by bicycle.2 They iike .rnirrrals. They" ve gol rhree dogs lnd rwo crts.3 Charles isn't happy. Ue \::,j,1.-1.., f ,i..r

\, e lot of problems.

4 They don't read much. They 11,.)ii,r:i}li-:t_.,:\, Lr,;i. many books.5 ''What's wrong?' 'I -:. ,::1..: il. ' , '.t:. sdhething in nry eye.,

\ O 'Where's my pen?' 'l don't knorv. I7 Jultawanrs to go ro the concert,but she liJ-i:.li r',:;.:i\ ,t,-,, r-t a ticket.

9"5 cornplete the sente nees. [Jse havelhas sst CIr haven'tfhJsr:'t got with:a lot-of fliends+-ga+de+

four wheelsrnuch tirne

+-headaehea key

1 I'm not feeling weil. I 'ye gpL x hf.g4+*,9.2 Itt a nice house, but it .. har4lt Eqt a- gardr,9,n, . r ,

sii legs-

3 Most cars \ .... r,. 1... ,, i. I , : ,i ., - :. .

4 Everybody likesTom. He rr ,,:,-l:',-. i,..,i,.L-\,,. ,,,,5 I can't open thc dool. I .. ' .,t,lii,:i. - ,:l ..r.

6 An insect i.l:-l'll.ry i,irC.-5 :.-.,.- .i',. ),5'.i...i.., ..- ,,.

7 -We must hurry. 'We

...r,..r,:..;.:,........1..:1,...,..',.... { .. { I : . '

- /{dditioriai rxerr:ises F-7 (page 25a)

No. q 3lI"j mNo.Yes.

Yes, two brothersand a sister.