1 problem areas in construction safety ch 4: problem areas in construction safety faculty of applied...
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4 Problem Areas in construction Safety
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CH 4: Problem Areas in Construction Problem Areas in Construction SafetySafety
Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning
Civil Engineering Department
Lecture 6 - Week 4
2nd Semester 2008/2009
UP Copyrights 2009
Const
ruct
ion S
afe
ty
Managem
ent
Eng: Eyad Haddad
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No worker expects to be No worker expects to be injuredinjured
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IntroductionIntroduction
Construction Industry holds a big Construction Industry holds a big
share of injuries and fatalities among share of injuries and fatalities among
other industries.other industries.
Focusing on the root causes of Focusing on the root causes of
injuries is an important way of injuries is an important way of
improving safety performance.improving safety performance.
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Problem AreasProblem Areas
It is strongly emphasized that Fall It is strongly emphasized that Fall
Prevention steps must be taken.Prevention steps must be taken.
Electrical shock is of importance as Electrical shock is of importance as
wellwell
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Figure 5.1Figure 5.1Distribution of Construction FatalitiesDistribution of Construction Fatalities (1985 – 1989) (1985 – 1989)
10%
33%
17%22%
18%
Other (10%)
Falls (fromelevation) (33%)
Shock (electrical)(17%)
Struck byincidents (22%)
Caughtin/betweenincidents (18%)
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Problem RegulationsProblem Regulations
Table 5.1 shows Ranking of OSHA Table 5.1 shows Ranking of OSHA
Paragraphs with the Largest Number Paragraphs with the Largest Number
of Violations.of Violations.
69% of high penalty citations are 69% of high penalty citations are
attributable to the standards in the attributable to the standards in the
standards list.standards list.
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Standards Standards ( more than 5 high-penalty citations for the three years combined( more than 5 high-penalty citations for the three years combined((
1926.652 Requirements for protective 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems (excavations)systems (excavations)
5A.001 General duty clause of the 5A.001 General duty clause of the OSH Act.OSH Act.
1926.21 Safety training and 1926.21 Safety training and education.education.
1926.551 Specific excavation 1926.551 Specific excavation requirements.requirements.
etc…..etc…..
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……ContinueContinue
OSHA is a Construction Community OSHA is a Construction Community
not a police agencynot a police agency
Number of citations for Number of citations for willful willful
violationsviolations increased dramatically over increased dramatically over
years.years.(222)(222)
The author shows figures and facts…The author shows figures and facts…
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……ContinueContinue Willful violations generally result in Willful violations generally result in
high penalties.high penalties.
Standards associated with more than 5 willful Standards associated with more than 5 willful
citationscitations
1926.652 Requirements for protective systems 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems
(excavations)(excavations)
5A.001 General duty clause of the OSH Act5A.001 General duty clause of the OSH Act
1926.652 Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators1926.652 Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators
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……ContinueContinue
1926.950 (general requirements for 1926.950 (general requirements for
power transmission and distribution) is power transmission and distribution) is
the only standard listed in high-penalty the only standard listed in high-penalty
violations but not in willful violation.violations but not in willful violation.
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……ContinueContinue
IMIS: Integrated Management IMIS: Integrated Management
Information System, is the database Information System, is the database
where worker fatalities are recorded where worker fatalities are recorded
in OSHAin OSHA
Causes of most construction Causes of most construction
accidents as in accidents as in Figure 5.1Figure 5.1
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Table 5.2Table 5.2
Frequency of Occurrence Frequency of Occurrence (%)(%)
Event TypeEvent Type19819800
19819855
19919900
1985-89 OSHA 1985-89 OSHA StudyStudy
FallsFalls34.834.836.636.639.639.63333
Struck byStruck by18.818.827.927.929.529.52222
Struck againstStruck against2.52.5000000
Caught Caught in/betweenin/between
16.016.013.313.39.39.31818
Electrical ShockElectrical Shock19.719.717.117.116.916.91717
OtherOther8.28.25.15.14.74.71010
Frequency of Occurrence of different Causes of Fatalities
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Types of FallsTypes of Falls Evaluation of specific causes of 508 falls reported 10 Evaluation of specific causes of 508 falls reported 10
types of falls as: types of falls as:
(68% of falls, and first 5 are 45% of the 10)(68% of falls, and first 5 are 45% of the 10)
1.1. Off roofOff roof
2.2. In scaffolding collapseIn scaffolding collapse
3.3. Off scaffoldingOff scaffolding
4.4. In structure collapseIn structure collapse
5.5. Through floor openingThrough floor opening
The other five types are (6. off ladder/ 7. off structure/ 8. through The other five types are (6. off ladder/ 7. off structure/ 8. through
roof opening/ 9. of edge of open floor/ 10. of beam support)roof opening/ 9. of edge of open floor/ 10. of beam support)
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……ContinueContinue
Height of falls was also examined.Height of falls was also examined.
Low Height does not mean Safety!!!Low Height does not mean Safety!!!
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Struck-byStruck-by
After falls, the most common cause of fatalities was After falls, the most common cause of fatalities was
being struck. The specific circumstance of the struck-being struck. The specific circumstance of the struck-
by incidents can be ranked as follows:by incidents can be ranked as follows:
Worker struck by falling objectWorker struck by falling object
Worker run over by heavy equipmentWorker run over by heavy equipment
Worker struck by crane, boom, or loadWorker struck by crane, boom, or load
Worker run over by private vehicleWorker run over by private vehicle
Worker struck in trench cave-inWorker struck in trench cave-in
70% of struck-by fatalities
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Trench cave-inTrench cave-in Worker caught between pieces of Worker caught between pieces of
heavy equipmentheavy equipment Overturning of heavy equipment or Overturning of heavy equipment or
machinerymachinery Worker caught in moving part of Worker caught in moving part of
heavy equipmentheavy equipment
62% of caught in/btw fatalities
Caught in/betweenCaught in/between
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Electrical shockElectrical shock
Direct contact with live wireDirect contact with live wire
Contact with crane boom with power Contact with crane boom with power
lineline
Contact of materials with power lineContact of materials with power line
Contact of ladder with power lineContact of ladder with power line
45% of electrocution fatalities
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OtherOther
Toxic gas or lack of OxygenToxic gas or lack of Oxygen
Poor personal healthPoor personal health
FireFire
DrowningDrowning
73% of other fatalities
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The Focus of OSHA InspectionsThe Focus of OSHA Inspections
The sources or causes of fatalities The sources or causes of fatalities
and serious injuries should be and serious injuries should be
understood by employerunderstood by employer
Employers should be committed to Employers should be committed to
avoiding circumstances that place avoiding circumstances that place
their workers at risktheir workers at risk
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Final comments:Final comments: Detailed analysis of data recorded by OSHA provided Detailed analysis of data recorded by OSHA provided
information about sources of citations and its causes.information about sources of citations and its causes.
Cranes, hoists, and elevators, scaffold design are Cranes, hoists, and elevators, scaffold design are
clearly areas in which employers have been deficient.clearly areas in which employers have been deficient.
Falls are the signal most common cause of fatalities Falls are the signal most common cause of fatalities
according to IMIS data according to IMIS data (Integrate Management Information System).
They are followed by struck-by incidents, caught-in They are followed by struck-by incidents, caught-in
between causes, electrocutions between causes, electrocutions