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PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

Eng. Anura WijayapalaEng. Anura Wijayapala

Senior LecturerSenior Lecturer

Department of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical Engineering

Project Management Concepts

In contrast to on-going, functional work, a project is

“a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a

unique product or service”

Project management is the discipline of defining and achieving targets while optimizing the use of resources (time,


p g ( ,money, people, materials, energy, space, etc) over the course of a project (a set of activities of finite duration).

Characteristic Features of a Project

• Project Objectives– A project has a fixed set of objectives. Once the objectives have been achieved, the project ceases to exist.

• Project Life SpanA j t t ti dl l It h t t– A project cannot continue endlessly. It has to come to an end. What represent the end would normally be spelt out in the set of objectives.

• Single Entity– A project is one entity and is normally entrusted to one responsibility center while the participants in the project are many.

Characteristic Features of a Project

• Team Work

– A project calls for team work, the constitutes of members belonging to different disciplines, organizations and even countries.


Success of a project means

• It must be completed.

• It must be completed within budget.

• It must be completed within budget and within allocated time.

• It must be completed within budget and within allocated time and it must perform to satisfaction.

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Project Management Activities

Project Management is composed of several different types of activities such as:

• Planning the work

• Estimating resources

• Organizing the work

• Acquiring human and material resources

• Assigning tasks

• Directing activities

• Controlling project execution

• Reporting progress

Steps in Project ManagementSteps in Project Management

1. Grouping Work into Packages

• Work so grouped are


– related to each other,

– contribute to the same goal and

– bound by definite time, cost and performance targets

2. Entrusting to a Single Authority

All di ti di ti d t lli th


• All coordination, directing and controlling the project is done by a single responsibility center known as the Project Manager.

3. Supporting and Servicing

• Project is to be supported and serviced


– internally within the organization and

– externally through vendors and contractors

4. Building up Commitments

• Through– negotiations


– coordinating

– And directing towards goals through• Schedules

• Budgets and

• Contracts

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5. Ensuring adherence to Goals

Through

C ti it i d t l i


• Continuous monitoring and control using

– Schedules

– budgets and

– contracts

Tools and Techniques for Project Management

Project Selection Techniques

• Cost Benefit analysis

• Risk and Sensitivity analysis

Project Execution Planning Techniques

• Work Breakdown Structures (WBS)

• Project Execution Plan (PEP)

• Project responsibility matrix

• Project management manual

Project Scheduling and Coordinating Techniques

• Bar Charts

• Life cycle curves

• Line of balance (LOB) and

• Networking techniques (PERT, CPM)

Project Monitoring and Progressing Techniques

• Progress measurement technique

• Performance Monitoring Technique and

• Updating , reviewing and reporting technique

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Project Cost and Productivity Control Techniques

• Productivity budgeting technique

• Value Engineering (VE)

• COST/WBS

Project Manager

Project management is quite often theprovince and responsibility of anindividual project manager.

Thi i di id l ld ti i tThis individual seldom participatesdirectly in the activities that produce theend result, but rather strives to maintainthe progress and productive mutualinteraction of various parties in such away that overall risk of failure is reduced.

Project Manager

• Risk arises primarily from uncertainty and thesuccessful project manager is the one who focusesupon this as the main concern.

f h h• Most of the issues that impact a project arise inone way or another from risk. A good projectmanager can reduce risk significantly, often byadhering to a policy of open communication,ensuring that every significant participant has anopportunity to express opinions and concerns.

Project Manager

• Project manager is one who is responsible for making decisions both small and large, in such a way that risk is controlled and uncertainty minimizedminimized.

• Every decision taken by the project manager should be taken in such a way that it directly benefits the project.

Responsibilities of a Project Manager

• Defining and maintaining the integrity of a project.

• Development of project execution plan

• Organization for execution of the planOrganization for execution of the plan

• Setting of targets and development of systems and procedures for accomplishment of project objectives and targets.

• Negotiations for commitments

Responsibilities of a Project Manager

• Direction coordination and control of project activities.

• Contract Management

• Non‐human resource management

• Human resource management

• Projectising and problem solving

• Satisfaction of customer, government and the public.

• Achievement of project objectives.

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Establishing the Project

A project is fully defined when;

1. Technical configuration of the project has been fully defined.

2 The performance requirements for2. The performance requirements for Technical systems Sub systems and The key equipment

have been defined

3. Cost estimate for the project is frozen.

Establishing the Project

4. Techno‐economical viability of the project has been examined, appraised and approved.

5. An overall schedule for implementation of the project has been drawn up.

6 Fi i l h b d i l h j6. Financial arrangements have been made to implement the project.

7. A project manager has been appointed for implementation of the project.

8. Pre‐project activities have been completed and a zero date fixed.

Feasibility Report

• All items except 7 and 8 are covered in the feasibility report.

• This report is prepared during definition phase of aThis report is prepared during definition phase of a project.

• The project manager is responsible for completion of the project as per the techno‐economic stipulations of the feasibility report.

1- project management concepts

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