仲道 嘉夫

September 2020

コンピュター・サイエンス第一Introduction to Computer Science

1: Python言語入門

コンピューターって何？

2

コンピューターは

機械

情報 情報

94.3 53.9 76.5 87.8 92.3 30.9 65.3 65.5 65.3 12.465.9 80.1 76.0 80.3 18.7 77.5 93.2 50.5 70.2 20.664.9 58.2 14.6 23.7 35.4 57.1 31.2 81.3 14.4 60.580.5 11.0 54.2 77.3 74.0 34.5 39.8 98.3 43.6 86.389.3 29.9 16.8 97.3 31.5 22.3 36.0 67.5 55.7 41.282.1 75.5 73.4 30.6 68.2 17.9 91.4 81.2 98.9 55.585.1 47.7 39.5 80.8 65.5 67.3 43.9 19.2 27.6 40.639.2 27.2 26.2 44.2 75.7 69.5 12.1 68.2 47.9 46.251.8 35.8 94.1 28.8 10.4 57.6 58.7 83.2 41.6 65.411.2 32.9 61.4 19.0 87.2 57.5 55.6 46.0 29.0 78.933.8 23.4 20.7 38.5 65.9 81.7 29.9 51.0 58.2 17.445.9 63.1 86.6 55.4 65.1 41.3 58.7 79.5 94.4 53.543.1 43.5 57.9 19.5 89.4 66.3 60.5 72.8 86.2 21.780.2 46.4 94.4 51.1 68.3 27.6 51.4 20.7 50.8 95.551.7 66.4 59.7 24.2 47.1 99.9 47.2 45.5 40.7 54.090.5 92.8 45.3 70.8 12.3 54.1 97.4 43.3 23.2 74.437.5 20.7 75.0 39.3 61.9 31.0 55.0 22.9 61.5 37.427.3 42.0 83.8 67.9 18.7 33.6 85.0 32.9 25.0 33.759.1 89.9 37.2 17.2 43.4 12.9 19.6 45.4 17.6 92.089.2 97.5 72.6 63.2 38.5 63.8 61.5 32.0 62.2 38.478.2 62.5 42.2 89.4 92.1 31.7 87.6 22.9 95.7 62.911.0 21.9 60.3 79.3 34.3 28.7 69.3 74.8 44.1 60.819.0 94.8 24.6 27.5 40.7 35.6 24.0 35.1 71.2 65.345.6 25.4 41.0 91.3 59.7 46.2 71.2 22.8 84.6 62.545.8 64.4 82.5 93.5 71.8 41.7 48.5 30.0 52.6 47.777.3 32.6 77.7 74.8 20.6 66.6 21.4 45.9 47.6 80.818.5 60.1 54.3 44.0 66.0 41.8 37.6 88.3 92.5 41.793.4 50.8 25.9 34.0 44.4 30.0 80.1 57.9 67.0 80.647.6 16.4 75.3 94.8 98.4 61.7 77.3 61.5 77.2 47.230.8 93.9 80.9 80.7 60.7 71.8 63.1 17.9 59.2 12.889.1 21.2 67.5 85.0 73.6 16.6 23.2 99.7 44.2 16.663.6 63.4 62.1 53.2 27.6 68.3 91.7 96.7 19.2 74.667.3 33.3 67.4 16.5 63.7 19.0 73.3 33.7 56.1 30.981.0 88.6 78.3 76.1 88.5 30.3 80.1 87.3 58.1 85.089.5 29.0 90.4 43.4 70.8 24.0 23.6 26.0 94.6 62.498.5 86.0 19.3 42.6 69.1 93.0 60.8 67.8 40.1 96.782.1 35.6 59.7 44.3 59.3 59.5 66.9 40.4 97.6 73.482.4 97.6 27.0 27.2 93.7 16.3 81.1 89.9 92.2 95.756.3 11.9 73.0 40.1 22.5 14.0 94.7 56.2 13.7 40.736.0 17.6 73.8 54.4 54.7 12.2 79.3 90.6 96.8 96.610.6 50.5 72.2 80.6 42.3 31.1 34.2 79.8 24.0 60.738.3 85.5 95.9 52.7 40.7 12.0 49.4 81.0 58.9 81.112.4 11.4 59.2 14.9 40.8 75.8 80.4 58.8 64.6 31.372.9 48.0 57.4 40.6 45.1 20.9 81.1 47.9 91.0 84.355.8 74.9 42.0 53.9 97.7 10.1 18.5 89.1 18.3 88.833.4 41.6 35.5 70.4 23.0 63.6 53.6 42.7 23.9 54.289.5 22.5 51.5 20.1 86.4 34.2 46.3 16.4 44.1 10.792.2 66.6 57.1 40.9 85.7 73.5 36.0 84.8 18.5 12.254.0 87.6 17.9 85.2 71.8 51.3 76.0 85.1 77.0 62.532.0 14.5 50.6 59.7 53.4 65.0 21.9 22.7 75.8 64.827.3 69.4 16.5 72.4 80.9 44.9 53.3 40.9 88.8 31.538.0 61.6 90.1 50.9 35.0 51.7 41.2 83.4 37.4 88.456.4 78.8 64.0 65.0 49.4 89.1 72.5 89.8 54.3 86.291.5 67.4 23.1 21.6 82.2 42.8 88.4 60.1 97.0 27.741.6 49.5 97.3 83.2 29.2 29.3 53.4 28.2 96.4 35.6In Out

94.3 53.9 76.5 87.8 92.3 30.9 65.3 65.5 65.3 12.465.9 80.1 76.0 80.3 18.7 77.5 93.2 50.5 70.2 20.664.9 58.2 14.6 23.7 35.4 57.1 31.2 81.3 14.4 60.580.5 11.0 54.2 77.3 74.0 34.5 39.8 98.3 43.6 86.389.3 29.9 16.8 97.3 31.5 22.3 36.0 67.5 55.7 41.282.1 75.5 73.4 30.6 68.2 17.9 91.4 81.2 98.9 55.585.1 47.7 39.5 80.8 65.5 67.3 43.9 19.2 27.6 40.639.2 27.2 26.2 44.2 75.7 69.5 12.1 68.2 47.9 46.251.8 35.8 94.1 28.8 10.4 57.6 58.7 83.2 41.6 65.411.2 32.9 61.4 19.0 87.2 57.5 55.6 46.0 29.0 78.933.8 23.4 20.7 38.5 65.9 81.7 29.9 51.0 58.2 17.445.9 63.1 86.6 55.4 65.1 41.3 58.7 79.5 94.4 53.543.1 43.5 57.9 19.5 89.4 66.3 60.5 72.8 86.2 21.780.2 46.4 94.4 51.1 68.3 27.6 51.4 20.7 50.8 95.551.7 66.4 59.7 24.2 47.1 99.9 47.2 45.5 40.7 54.090.5 92.8 45.3 70.8 12.3 54.1 97.4 43.3 23.2 74.437.5 20.7 75.0 39.3 61.9 31.0 55.0 22.9 61.5 37.427.3 42.0 83.8 67.9 18.7 33.6 85.0 32.9 25.0 33.759.1 89.9 37.2 17.2 43.4 12.9 19.6 45.4 17.6 92.089.2 97.5 72.6 63.2 38.5 63.8 61.5 32.0 62.2 38.478.2 62.5 42.2 89.4 92.1 31.7 87.6 22.9 95.7 62.911.0 21.9 60.3 79.3 34.3 28.7 69.3 74.8 44.1 60.819.0 94.8 24.6 27.5 40.7 35.6 24.0 35.1 71.2 65.345.6 25.4 41.0 91.3 59.7 46.2 71.2 22.8 84.6 62.545.8 64.4 82.5 93.5 71.8 41.7 48.5 30.0 52.6 47.777.3 32.6 77.7 74.8 20.6 66.6 21.4 45.9 47.6 80.818.5 60.1 54.3 44.0 66.0 41.8 37.6 88.3 92.5 41.793.4 50.8 25.9 34.0 44.4 30.0 80.1 57.9 67.0 80.647.6 16.4 75.3 94.8 98.4 61.7 77.3 61.5 77.2 47.230.8 93.9 80.9 80.7 60.7 71.8 63.1 17.9 59.2 12.889.1 21.2 67.5 85.0 73.6 16.6 23.2 99.7 44.2 16.663.6 63.4 62.1 53.2 27.6 68.3 91.7 96.7 19.2 74.667.3 33.3 67.4 16.5 63.7 19.0 73.3 33.7 56.1 30.981.0 88.6 78.3 76.1 88.5 30.3 80.1 87.3 58.1 85.089.5 29.0 90.4 43.4 70.8 24.0 23.6 26.0 94.6 62.498.5 86.0 19.3 42.6 69.1 93.0 60.8 67.8 40.1 96.782.1 35.6 59.7 44.3 59.3 59.5 66.9 40.4 97.6 73.482.4 97.6 27.0 27.2 93.7 16.3 81.1 89.9 92.2 95.756.3 11.9 73.0 40.1 22.5 14.0 94.7 56.2 13.7 40.736.0 17.6 73.8 54.4 54.7 12.2 79.3 90.6 96.8 96.610.6 50.5 72.2 80.6 42.3 31.1 34.2 79.8 24.0 60.738.3 85.5 95.9 52.7 40.7 12.0 49.4 81.0 58.9 81.112.4 11.4 59.2 14.9 40.8 75.8 80.4 58.8 64.6 31.372.9 48.0 57.4 40.6 45.1 20.9 81.1 47.9 91.0 84.355.8 74.9 42.0 53.9 97.7 10.1 18.5 89.1 18.3 88.833.4 41.6 35.5 70.4 23.0 63.6 53.6 42.7 23.9 54.289.5 22.5 51.5 20.1 86.4 34.2 46.3 16.4 44.1 10.792.2 66.6 57.1 40.9 85.7 73.5 36.0 84.8 18.5 12.254.0 87.6 17.9 85.2 71.8 51.3 76.0 85.1 77.0 62.532.0 14.5 50.6 59.7 53.4 65.0 21.9 22.7 75.8 64.827.3 69.4 16.5 72.4 80.9 44.9 53.3 40.9 88.8 31.538.0 61.6 90.1 50.9 35.0 51.7 41.2 83.4 37.4 88.456.4 78.8 64.0 65.0 49.4 89.1 72.5 89.8 54.3 86.291.5 67.4 23.1 21.6 82.2 42.8 88.4 60.1 97.0 27.741.6 49.5 97.3 83.2 29.2 29.3 53.4 28.2 96.4 35.6

コンピューターって何？

3In Out

def next_matrix(matX, matY):n = len(matX)matZ = [ [0] * n for _ in range(n) ]for i in range(n):

for j in range(n):tmp = INFTYfor k in range(n):

d = matX[i][k] + matY[k][j]tmp = min(tmp, d)

matZ[i][j] = tmpreturn matZ

def sp_length(matA):## Minplus algorithm## TODO: improve complexityn = len(matA)matD = [ [ matA[i][j] for j in range(n) ]

for i in range(n) ]t = 1while t < n-1:Program

情報 情報

コンピューターは

機械

基本設定と環境

ターミナル（Mac）

Finderを立ち上がる

アプリケーションを開く

ユーティリティを開く

ターミナルを立ち上がる

5

$

ターミナル(Windows)

検索窓で

cmd と入力

後はここにコマンドを入力していく

6

>

>

Google Colab: Python環境

7

Google Colab: Python環境

＋コード を押す

新しいコードセルができるので，

そこにプログラムを書き

▶（プレイボタン）または「command+return」または「Ctrl+Enter」

8

Google Colab: Python環境

ファイル

ドライブにコピーを保存

で，保存される

要：google account

次回以降

ファイル ノートブックを開く

演習

hello_me.py

11

person = "Xavier"print("Hello", person)

person = "Xavier"print(f"Hello {person}")

person = input("What's your name? ")print(f"Hello {person}")

⇣

⇣

calculate.py

Try‣ x = 10 ; y = 2‣ x = 5 ; y = 2‣ x = 5 ; y = -2‣ x = 5 ; y = 0

12

x = int(input("x = "))y = int(input("y = "))print(f"x+y = {x + y}")print(f"x-y = {x - y}")print(f"x*y = {x * y}")print(f"x/y = {x / y}")print(f"x div y = {x // y}")print(f"x mod y = {x % y}")

calculate_better.py

13

x = int(input("x = "))y = int(input("y = "))print(f"x+y = {x + y}")print(f"x-y = {x - y}")print(f"x*y = {x * y}")if not y == 0:

print(f"x/y = {x / y}")print(f"x div y = {x // y}")print(f"x mod y = {x % y}")

else:print("Division by zero")

even_odd.py

14

x = int(input("x = "))if x % 2 == 0:

print(f"x ({x}) is even 偶数")else:

print(f"x ({x}) is odd 奇数")

if x > 0:print(f"x ({x}) is positive")

elif x == 0:print("x is null (zero)")

else:print(f"x ({x}) is negative")

loo.py

15

n = int(input("n = "))print ("----------")

if n < 0 or n > 50:print (f"bad value of n ({n})")exit(1)

total = 0while n >= 0:

print (f"n = {n}")n = n - 1total = total + 1

print("done.")print(f"total = {total} iterations")

コマンドラインで実行してみよう

Mac,Win 共通する基本的な流れ

プログラムをファイルに保存

↓

Pythonインタープリタに，ファイルを食わせる

↓

画面に出力される

プログラムをファイルに保存

好きなエディターを起動‣Windows notepad?‣Mac 標準は何だろう？エディタの中に，プログラムを入力

ファイル名を付けて保存（例：name.py 等）

person = input("What's your name? ")print(f"Hello {person}")

実行

プログラムをpythonインタープリターに食わせる

名前を入力するとそれが表示される

＜用語＞

プログラムを1行ずつ解釈実行→インタープリタ

プログラムをまとめて機械語に変換する

→コンパイラ（機械語の実行ファイルが作成される）

>python name.py

>