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Presented By: Bhavi Mistry

Under the guidance of Dr. Jongwook Woo

Experiences In Strategic Information Systems Planning - M. J. Earl

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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Quick Review

Lederer and Sethi (1988) defined SISP as …

“the process of deciding the objectives for organizational computing and identifying potential computer applications which the organization should implement”

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SISP involves: Aligning Investment in IS with Business Goals

Exploiting IT for Competitive Advantage

Directing Efficient & Effective Management of IS Resources

Developing Technology Policies and Architectures

Quick Review

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

Research Methodology

Goal: To discover the intents, outcomes and experiences of SISP efforts

2-Stage Survey -

Stage 1: Examined case histories of six companies previously studied

Stage 2: In-depth interviews w/ 3 stakeholders from each co. (total of 63 execs. interviewed) :

1. IS Director or IS Strategic Planner: Suggest what can be achieved technically

2. CEO or General Manager: Set direction and policies3. Senior Line or User Manager: Contribute application ideas

or make system requests7

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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Objectives and Benefits of SISP

Respondents asked to state their firms’ current objectives of SISP

Table 7.1 Objectives of SISP

Rank Objective

1 Aligning IS with business needs

2 Seek competitive advantage from IT

3 Gain top management commitment

4 Forecast IS resource requirements

5 Establish technology path and policies

Table 7.2 Benefits of SISP

Rank Benefit

1 Aligning IS with business needs

2 Top management support

3 Better priority setting

4 Competitive advantage applications

5 Top management involvement

6 User/line management involvement

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

“Concerns” or Unsuccessful Factors

Table 7.3 Unsuccessful Features of SISP

Rank Unsuccessful Feature

1 Resource constraints

2 Not fully implemented

3 Lack of top management acceptance

4 Length of time involved

5 Poor user-IS relationships

Top 5 of the 65 features contributing to dissatisfaction a.k.a. ‘Concerns’

Respondents asked in what ways SISP has been unsuccessful

The 65 ‘Concerns’ were examined and two patterns emerged Could be grouped almost equally into three distinct categories: Method Process Implementation

Concerns could be grouped among the three Stakeholders: IS Directors General Managers User Managers

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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Shift in Focus

Prompted by the list of concerns and narrative histories of planning-related events, the focus of the study shifted and the object of analysis became the SISP approach.

When members of an organization describe how decisions on IS strategy are initiated and made, a coherent picture is gradually painted where the underpinning philosophy, emphasis, and influences stand out. ..

…an approach is identified

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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SISP Approaches

Business-Led

Method-Driven

Administrative

Technological

Organizational

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SISP ApproachesBusiness-Led Method-

DrivenAdministrative Technological Organizational

Underpinning Assumption

Business plans and needs should drive IS plans

IS strategies will be enhanced by use of a formal SISP method

SISP should follow /conform with the firm’s management planning & control procedures

SISP is an exercise in business and information modeling

SISP is a continuous decision-making activity shared by the business and IS

Emphasis of Approach

Business leads IS and not vice versa

Selection of the best method

Identification and allocation of IS resources to meet agreed needs

Production of models and blueprints

Organizational learning about business problems / opportunities & IT contribution

Major Influence of Outcomes

IS planners Practitioners of the method

Resource planning and steering committees

Modeling method employed

Permanent and ad hoc teams of key managers, including IS

Slogan Business drives IS

Strategy needs method

Follow the rules IS needs blueprints

Themes with teams

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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5 Approaches : Strengths and Weaknesses

Business-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational

Strengths

Simple

Business first

Raises IS status

Provides a methodology

Plugs strategy gaps

Raises strategy profile

System viability

System synergies

Encourages user input

Rigor

Focus on infrastructure

Favors integrated tools

Becomes normal

Emphasis on implementation

Promotes IS-user partnership

Weaknesse

s

Ad hoc method

Lacks management commitment

Depends on quality of business strategy

User involvement

Too influenced by method

Implementation unlikely

Non-strategic

Bureaucratic

Resource-constrained

Lacks management support

Only partial implementationComplexity

Generation of new themes

Soft methodology

Architecture becomes difficult

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5 Approaches vs. 3 Conditions for Success

Business-Led Method-Driven

Administrative Technological Organizational

Method Low High Low High Medium

Process Low Low Medium Low High

Implementation Medium Low High Medium High

SISP

Method Process ImplementationBusiness-Led approach

Method-driven approach

Administrative approach

Technological approach

Organizational approach

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

Qualitative Measure1. Success:

2. Concerns:

Business-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational

Total Mean (3 Stakeholders)

3.25 3.83 3.60 4.00 3.94

Most intensive approach in terms of technique earned highest score, perhaps because it represents what respondents thought an IS planning methodology should look like.

Lacks formal methodologies; earned lowest score

Business-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational

Method 2.75 2.50 2.80 1.75 1.33

Process 0.75 3.00 1.60 2.50 2.16

Implementation 2.75 1.00 1.60 3.00 1.83

Total 6.25 6.50 6.00 7.25 5.32

Least concerns total 21

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3. Competitive Advantage:

Competitive Advantage Application Frequency

Business-Led 4.0 applications per firm

Method-Driven 1.5 applications per firm

Administrative 3.6 applications per firm

Technological 2.5 applications per firm

Organizational 4.8 applications per firm

Most themes pursued were perceived to have produced a competitive advantage

Qualitative Measure

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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The Best Approach

Business-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational

Success Score Ranking

5 3 4 1 2

Least Concerns Ranking

2 3 4 5 1

Competitive Advantage Potential Ranking

2 5 3 4 1

Sum of Ranks 9 11 11 10 4

Overall Ranking 2 4 4 3 1

Organizational Approach is substantially superior, hence the best SISP approach• Based on quantitative and qualitative evidence • Least formal and least structured

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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Strategic Information Systems Planning in Shanghai key Universities in Yangpu District

Case Study

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Research Methodology Four Implementation Stages:

1) Analysis of business environment

2) Analysis of IT environment

3) Development of IT Strategy

4) Development of implementation plan.

This questionnaire investigation focuses on 5 Shanghai key universities in

Yangpu District.

The respondents consist of

1) Superintendents

2) Staff of the network departments in schools

The questionnaire consist of two sections

Section A : to acquire basic background information of the universities

Section B : to investigate the perception of the respondents towards the

importance of SISP tasks

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Result Analysis – Stage 11. Analysis of business environment

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2. Analysis of IT environment

Result Analysis – Stage 2

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Result Analysis – Stage 33. Development of IT Strategy

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Result Analysis – Stage 43. Develop implementation plan

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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Conclusion

The problems of SISP implementation are:1) Lack of sufficient financial, material and human resource

support

2) No training plan for IT development

3) Difficulty in securing top management commitment

4) No analysis of IT department strengths/ weaknesses

5) No analysis of technology environment

* Resolution and participation from top management are crucial for the successful implementation of SISP

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Agenda

Quick Review

Case Study in Textbook Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach

Case Study

Conclusion

Discussion / Questions

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Discussion / Questions

Thank You !