1 resafe - innovative fertiliser from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of...
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RESAFE - Innovative fertiliser from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of chemicals fertilisers
Alice Dall’Ara – ENEA UTTMATFSergio Sangiorgi – ENEA UTTMATF
10/06/20146 Month MeetingCEBAS-CSIC premisisMurcia (ES)
LIFE12 ENV/IT/000356
ENEA –UTTMATF Progress ReportMonths 1-6
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ACTION DATE B.1. Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterization of organic waste and final products
Jan-June’14
B.2. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level
Mar-Dec’14
C.1. Monitoring of organic waste and final products
Mar’14-June’15
E. Project management Continuous
ENEA activities
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Methods Source Technology
Scientific Literature and available data
UOW, FOR and biochar
Selection of the appropriate raw materials
UOW, FORComposting,
pyrolysis
Selection of proper VAP RESAFE 1
Full characterization of samples (Action C.1)
RECIPES to use in demonstration plants
3 recipes (1 for each Country)
Action B.1
Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterization of Organic waste and final products
with Beneficiaries contribution
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Materials used SOURCE
COUNTRY % Receipt
FOR, UOW, BIOCHAR and VAP
ITFOR:UOW
50:50
* FOR+UOW *FOR+UOW+VAP*FOR+UOW +VAP +BC
FOR, UOW, BIOCHAR and VAP
ESFOR:UOW
30:70 * FOR+UOW*FOR+UOW+VAP*FOR+UOW +VAP +BC
FOR, UOW and VAP
CY
FOR:UOW 30:70 20:80
* FOR+UOW*FOR+UOW+VAP
Action B.1
Recipe for HQ-ORBP production at laboratory level
Instructions for Lab tests
• Cooperation for instructions for lab test in Italy, Spain and Cyprus
• Cooperation for lab test in Italy (initial implementation)
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Action B.2
Demonstration of HQ-ORBP production at laboratory level
Raw material and waste characterization:
• Thermal analysis (TG and DTG)
• XRD analysis
• BET analysis
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Action C.1 Monitoring of organic waste and final products
• SEM Analysis (* specific presentation)
:
Balance and furnace in TG NETZSCH 409 C
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Action C.1
Atmosphere: Air with a flow rate of 100 mL/min (Spanish and Italian biochar: Argon). Heating rate =10 °C/min Tf=1000°C Sample Weight ≈1 g Sample carrier= 3.4 ml in volume.
Dried samples:t=15 h T=40 °C (ES-UOW, ES-FOR, IT-UOW, IT-FOR) t=15 h T=50 °C ( IT-BC,ES-BC)
The Netzsch TA window software was used for data processing of the results.
THERMAL ANALYSISSamples Name N° Wet Sample N° Dried Sample
Urban Organic Waste (Compos ES t) ES-UOW 1 1
Farm Organic Residue (HorseManure) ES-FOR 1 3
Spain Biochar ES-BC - 1
Urban Organic Waste (Compost Italy) IT-UOW 3 3
Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure) IT-FOR - 1
Biochar IT-BC - 1
SAMPLES
CONDITION
Figure: TG and DTG for wet (green line) and for dried (red line) ES-UOW samples
Dried
Wet
I STEP
II STEP
IV STEP
III STEP
Sample I STEP II STEP III STEP IV STEP TOT
ES-UOW d -4.30 % -20.72 % -12.19 % -20.47 % -50.68 %
ES-UOW w -18.80 % -17.87 % -10.61 % -18.15 % -65.43 %
ES-UOW
Action C.1
I STEP
II STEP
Figure: TG and DTG for ES-BC samples
Sample I STEP II STEP TOT
ES-BC -3.96% -8.83 % 12.79 %
ES-BC
Action C.1
I STEP
II STEP
Dried
Wet
Sample I STEP II STEP TOT
1ES-FOR dried -7.33 % -77.30 % -84.63 %
2ES-FOR dried -7.92 % -77.26 % -85.18 %
3ES-FOR dried -7.46 % -77.71 % -85.17 %
1ES-FOR wet -45.48 % -44.49 % -89.97 %
Figure: TG and DTG for IT-FOR sample
ES-FORAction C.1
I STEP
III STEP
TG - Dried Sample
II STEP
IV STEP
IT-UOW
Sample I STEP II STEP IV STEP TOT
IT-UOW d -4.30 % -16.65 % -21.87 % -42.82 %
IT-UOW d -4.52 % -18.20 % -23.20 % -45.92 %
IT-UOW d -4.62 % -17.26 % -22.32 % -44.20%
IT-UOW w -41.45 % -12.81 % -10.50 % -64.76 %
IT-UOW w -41.59 % -11.82 % -9.29 % -62.70 %
IT-UOW w -41.41 % -11.25 % -9.44 % -62.10%
Figure: TG and DTG for IT-UOW sample
TG - Wet
Action C.1
I Step
II Step
III Step
Sample I STEP II STEP III STEP TOT
IT-FOR -6.77 % -62.44 % -12.98 % -82.19 %
IT-FOR
Figure: TG and DTG for IT-FOR sample
Action C.1
I Step
III Step IV Step
I Step
II Step
Sample I STEP II STEP III STEP IV STEP TOT
IT-BC -0.54 % -0.36 % -0.93 % -1.73 % -3.56 %
Figure : TG and DTG for IT-BC sample IT-BC
Action C.1
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XRD (X-RAY DIFFRACTION) ANALYSIS
Experimental apparatus to perform diffraction measures with Bragg-Brentano geometry.
Sample and sample holder
Action C.1
XRD (X-RAY DIFFRACTION) ANALYSISSamples Name
Spain Urban Organic Waste (Compost) ES-UOW
Spain Farm Organic Residue (HorseManure)
ES-FOR
Spain Biochar ES-BC
Compost Italy IT-UOW
Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)- Italy
IT-FOR
Italian biochar IT-BC
SAMPLES
Angular range Step Time for step Anode (wavelength)
10-80 0.02 1 sec Copper (1.54 nm)
In order to obtained XRD patterns, samples was ground in mortar and pressed in sample holder. Instrument parameters was generally set following the scheme reported below:Regarding biochar samples the range of angular positions used is 10-90 2theta(°)The phase analysis were carried out with the X’Pert High Score software Version 2.2° (PANalytical B.V., Almelo, The Netherlands) equipped with ICDD PDF2 database release 1996 (sets 1-50 plus 77-88).
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
ES-FOR
XRD for ES-SAMPLES
XRD pattern for ES-BC. It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° 01- 086-234)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Quartz
Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty
2theta(°)
ES-UOW
XRD pattern for ES-UOW. It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° 01- 086-2334) and quartz (chard n° 01-085-0457)
20 40 60 800
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600 Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
ES-BC
Action C.1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Quartz
Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta (°)
IT-UOW
XRD pattern for IT-UOW. Also in this case, It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° 01- 086-2334) and quartz (chard n° 01-085-0457)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Struvite
Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
IT-FOR
XRD for IT-FOR. The main inorganic crystalline phases detected are calcite (chard n° 01-085-0849) and struvite (chard n° 015-0762).
Action C.1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
IT-BC
XRD for IT-BC. From xrd analysis it is noticeable four main phases: quartz (03-065-0466), Ca(OH)2 (044-1481), cristobalite (01-082-1403), calcite (01-072-1652). XRD pattern suggests also the presence of sulphates, even though the exact nature of these compounds must be subject of further investigations
Action C.1
Surface area determination
This method involves the determination of the amount of N2 adsorbed on sample’s surface by measuring the pressure change in a static system at constant volume and temperature.
Sample: Biochar
Code Surface Area (m2/g)
IT-BC 6.6
ES-BC 127.1
The Brunauer, Emmett e Teller (BET) theory assume the formation of N2 monolayer of adsorbate to cover the external and the accessible internal pore surfaces of a solid.
The specific surface area was determined by means single point BET method.
Action C.1
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ACTION DATE
B.2. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level
Mar-Dec’14
B.3. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale
Sept ’14- June ’15
C.1. Monitoring of organic waste and final products
Mar’14-June’15
C.3,4,5 Monitoring of environmental benefit of Agriculture Application in Italy,
Dec’14-Dec’15
D. Communication and Dissemination (fairs, press releases, contribution to website, etc.) Continuous
E. Project management Continuous
ENEA next step
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Thanks for your attention
ENEA UTTMATFVia Ravegnana, 186 48018 - Faenza (RA) Tel. 0546 678540Fax. 0546 678501 e-mail: [email protected]