1

Status & Plans for Implementing the Initial U.S. IOOS

Tom MaloneDirector, OceanUS

University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science

1. 1998 – 20042. Governance3. The Initial System4. Pilot Projects

2

1998 NORLC Charged by CongressIntegrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)

Provide Data/Info Required for More Rapid Detection & Timely Prediction of State Changes

• Improve the safety & efficiency of marine operations

• Improve homeland security

• Mitigate effects of natural hazards more effectively

• Improve predictions of climate change & their effects

• Minimize public health risks

• Protect & restore healthy coastal marine ecosystems more effectively

• Sustain living marine resources

1 System, 7 Goals

3

• 1999 – NORLC Submits Provisional Design => Congress

• 2000 – NORLC creates OceanUS Office

• 2002 – OceanUS Workshop

National consensus on priorities for developing the Initial IOOS

• 2003 – Regional Development Nationally

NORLC/OSTP Approved design plan & implementation priorities => Congress

OceanUS Regional Summit => Establish Regional Systems S.1400 authorizing $216 M for 1st year of IOOS Regional groups funded to establish Regional Associations

• 2004 – Commission on Ocean Policy (March)

OceanUS Workshop: Building Regional Capacity (29-30 March) OceanUS Implementation Plan for the Initial IOOS (April) House version of S.1400 (??) OceanUS Interagency – RA Planning Conference FY 2007 (July) OceanUS Endorsced, NORLC Approved Integrated Plan with Agency

funding commitments FY 2007 (Sept)

4

2003Congress Directs NOAA & Its NORLC Partners

Submit an Implementation Plan

1) Specify an interagency governance structure

2) Define the roles & responsibilities of each agency in the implementation & operation the system

3) Provide multi-year funding estimates by agency

4) Articulate a process for regional coordination & technical support to ensure development of

integrated regional systems as part of a national observing initiative

5

• Part I – Structure and GovernanceVision & design principlesSystem architecturePlanning Implementation Cycle

• Part II – Building the Initial IOOS Integrate existing assets across AgenciesCoordinated regional developmentRoles of participating NOPP Agencies

• Part III – Improving the IOOSEnhance the initial IOOSR&D prioritiesMulti-year budget projection

Implementation PlanInitial IOOS

6

• NORLC – “Governing Board”

Responsible for IOOS development & operation Establishes policies & approves design & implementation plans

• OceanUS – Guided by Agency Priorities (via an Executive Committee), USGSC & RAs

Plans, endorses, coordinates & evaluates

• NOPP Agencies – Based on Agency Priorities & mutual benefits

Implement, operate & improve the Global Ocean Component (International collaboration) & National Coastal Backbone

Fund Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems

• Regional Associations – Following IOOS Principles & Requirements

Design, implement, operate & improve Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems

Guide development of the National Backbone & may contribute to its development

Governance

7

A National Federation of Regional Associations

• Represent Regional Associations at Federal Level

Enable effective communications among NOPP agencies & RAs Ensure evolution of a national backbone that meets regional

needs, Contribute to the development of common standards & protocols

& facilitate their use Promote development of & funding for Regional Coastal Ocean

Observing Systems nationwide

• Coordinate Development of Regional Associations

Promote technology & information transfer Facilitate use of common standards & protocols Work with RAs to establish geographic boundaries as needed

• Periodically Recertify Regional Associations

• NFRA Representation

Regional Associations Participating NOPP Agencies OceanUS (ex officio)

8

National Weather ServiceA Model for an Operational, End to End Observing System

Advice

R&D Requirements

Meteorology&

PhysicalOceanography

NWSClimate

ObservingSystem

Weather

• Climatologies• Nowcasts• Forecasts• Future Casts

Climate• Long Range Predictions

9

IOOS Phenomena of InterestClimate & Weather +

• Marine Ops, Hazards, Security & Public Health

Sea surface winds, currents, ice & waves

Sea level & bathymetry Storm surge, erosion,

susceptibility to natural hazards

Acoustic performance Propagation of

electromagnetic waves Human exposure to

• Contaminants• Pathogens

• Ecosystem Health & Natural Resources

Habitat modification Loss of biodiversity Invasive species Harmful algal events Eutrophication Disease & mass

mortalities Stocks of harvestable

resources Declining harvests Mariculture operations

10

Detecting & Predicting Changein Oceans & Coasts

Multi-D Foundation

• Marine Meteorology• Oceanography • Marine & Estuarine Ecology• Landscape Ecology• Medical Research

Multiple Applications

• Marine operations• Public health & safety• LMR Management• Environmental Protection• ICAM• Coastal Engineering

Advice

R&D Requirements

IOOS

11

Basic Design Considerations

System must be multi-scale & interdisciplinary

System must provide rapid access to diverse data from many sources

Regions have both unique & common requirements for data, data management & analysis

Many building blocks of the IOOS already exist

Operational capabilities are most advanced for the goals of marine operations, homeland security, natural hazards, and climate prediction

Major commitment to R&D required to realize the potential of a fully integrated, sustained & operational system

12

U.S. IOOSTwo Interdependent Components

Global Ocean Climate Component

GOOS/GCOSCoastal Ocean

Component

GLs NE

MAB

SEGoMex

HIsl

GoA

NW

SW

RegionalObservingSystems

NationalBackbone

Resolution

Lower

Higher

13

Coastal Component• Operated by

NOPP Agencies RAs

• EEZ & Great Lakes • Core variables

required by regions• Networks

sentinel stations reference stations

• Standards/Protocols QAQC, DMAC Products

• Regional Associations Design Operate

• Involve user groups Design Evaluation

• Incorporate Subregional systems Elements thereof

• Based on User Needs Resolution Variables

Regional COOS’s

National Backbone

14

2002 OceanUS National WorkshopCore Variables

• Physical– Temperature*, Salinity*– Bathymetry*– Sea level*– Surface waves*,

currents*– Ice distribution– Air/Sea heat flux

• Multidisciplinary– Optical properties*– Bottom character*

* Variables also recommended by COOP & EuroGOOS

• Chemical– Dissolved inorganic

nutrient*– Contaminants– Dissolved oxygen*

• Biological– Fish species,

abundance– Zooplankton species,

abundance– Phytoplankton species,

biomass (ocean color*)– Pathogens

15

Global ProductsDetect/Predict

ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change

• Increase resolution of field estimatesSea surface windsSST & SSSSurface currents & wavesSea ice

• Improve sea level predictionsTidesLong – term, secular changes

• More accurate estimates of changes inHeat & freshwater content of the oceansAir–Sea fluxes of heat, water & momentum

16

National Coastal Backbone: EEZ, Great LakesEffects of ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change, & People

• Extend global products into coastal waters +

• Detect changes in ecological properties more rapidly Surface & interior chlorophyll (fields) Macrozooplankton biomass distributions Maps of extent & condition of critical benthic habitats

• coral reefs, SAV, • tidal marshes & mangrove forests

• Quantify resources more accurately & rapidly Spawning stock size & distribution of harvestable fish

species

• Quantify land–based Inputs more accurately & rapidly Freshwater transport Weekly sediments, nutrients & contaminants

17

Part II. Process of Identifying Existing Assets for OceanUS Endorsement

• NOPP Agencies provide inventories of candidate programs

• Criteria for OceanUS Endorsement

Measure at least 1 of the core variables Provide value–added benefits as part of an

integrated system (new or improved products) Meet operational requirements

• Community tested & accepted techniques• Sustainable, routine & cost-effective operation

18

National BackboneInitial Operational Observing Subsystem

EEZ, Great Lakes

• Remote SensingNational Polar – Orbiting Environmental Satellite

(NOAA, Navy, NASA)

• In Situ SensingStream gauge network (USGS)Tide gauge network (NOAA, USGS)Buoy programs – moored instruments (NOAA, Navy)Wave gauge programs (NOAA, Navy, USACE)Hydrographic & Habitat surveys (NOAA, USGS)Fish stock assessments (NOAA)

19

2002 OceanUS WorkshopPart III. Enhancing the Initial IOOS

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5Mostly new infrastructure

DMAC1 18 30 45 50 60Regional Systems2 50 110 170 210 210

Building on existing assets

Global ocean-climate3 30 60 90 120 120Coastal enhancement4 40 60 80 100 110

 

TOTAL 138 260 385 480 500

1 Landry Bernard

2 David Martin

3 Based on pre – existing plans

4 Enhance the initial backbone by improving existing elements (NDBC buoys, tide & stream gauge networks, remote sensing) & pilot projects to transition research capabilities => operational modes

$ Millions

20

Four Stages of IOOS Development

1. ResearchNew Knowledge & Technologies

2. Pilot ProjectsDemonstrate Feasibility(community acceptance;standards & protocols)

3. Pre-Operational ProjectsProof of Concept

(value added, cost-effective)

4. Operational System(routine, sustained)

21

Goal: Surface current velocity maps in real – time

Challenge: Rapid integration of data from HF Radars, Satellites, & In situ instruments

Ocean.US

22

Surface Current Mapping: Multiple Applications

• Search & Rescue– More rapid recovery

• Ship Routing & Detection– Fuel efficiency, Safety

• Oil Spills & Harmful Algal Blooms– More accurate forecasts of

trajectories, Mitigation

• Sustainable Fisheries– More accurate estimates of

recruitment

• Ocean Science– Improved physical & ecological

models

23

Building Regional Capacity

• 2004 Workshop: Building Regional Capacity,

29-30 March, Washington, D.C.

Criteria & process for certification as a Regional Association

Process by which RA’s will help guide design, implementation & improvement of the IOOS

Initiate process that will lead to establishment of the National Federation of RA’s

24

National Workshop to Build Regional CapacityWashington, D.C. 29-30 March 2004

25

26

Observing Requirements: Remote Sensing

Sustain & Improve Satellite Time-Series Surface winds, temperature, waves, currents Sea surface height Ocean color

27

Global Ocean-Climate ComponentRequirements for In Situ Observations

Full implementationFull implementation

• ArgoArgo

• Water level networkWater level network

• Global ocean time series Global ocean time series observatories observatories

Successful completionSuccessful completion

• GODAEGODAE

Optimize the global network Optimize the global network of observationsof observations

Enhance ocean time series Enhance ocean time series observatoriesobservatories

• key biological & chemical key biological & chemical sensors sensors

28

Four Year Implementation Planning Cycle• Yr N-3 (2004) Guidelines for Yr N Implementation

May: Agencies & RA’s report on status & plans => OceanUS July: Inter-agency, RA Conference => OceanUS integrated

report on status & plans => NORLC Sept: NORLC/Ocean.US endorsed implementation plan (IP)

for Yr N

• Yr N-2 (2005) Agency– Specific Plans & Budgets Using the IP for guidance, each agency prepares a budget

that incorporates their contribution for Yr N implementation

• Yr N-1 (2006) Integration OceanUS prepares integrated multi–agency IP based on

agency–specific commitments NOAA prepares consolidated, multi–agency budget Federal budget submission & appropriations

• Yr N (2007) Implementation NOPP Agencies + RAs => National Backbone RAs => Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems

• Yr N+1 (2008) OceanUS Performance Evaluation

29

Governance of the IOOS

PlanEndorse

SelectFund

Implement

EvaluateVerify

Functions

NORLCEstablish PoliciesNOPP Agencies

Implement Global + Backbone

Responsibilities

Ocean.US

ExCom

NFRAEstablish Policies

RAs ImplementRCOOSs

ORAP

USGSC

4 YrPlanning

Cycle

30

S.1400: Ocean Observations & Coastal Systems Act

Snowe, Kerry, McCain, Hollings, Inouye & Breaux

• Authorization – Passed Senate October, 2003

• Assigns responsibility for establishing & maintaining the IOOS to NOPP

• Formalizes in statute an Interagency Program Office (OceanUS)

• Directs the NORLC to establish a Joint Operations Center to be managed by NOAA in consultation with its NORLC partners

• Authorizes $216M for FY 04 => $257M in FY 08

• Expect House passage this session (Resource Committee + Science, Armed Services & Transportation)

31

S.1400: Authorization of Appropriations

Year 1 $216M => Yr 5 $257M

Year 1• NOAA: $83M

– > $42M for regions– $3M for HF Radar

• NSF: $25M

• NASA: $30M

• Navy: $55M– ONR $25M– Oceanographer

$30M

• USCG: $8M

• Other NOPP: $15M