1 sw 101 or learning to swim in the npdes storm water program brent larsen epa region 6 8 th annual...
TRANSCRIPT
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SW 101 or
Learning to Swim in the
NPDES Storm Water Program
Brent Larsen
EPA Region 6
8th Annual Region 6 MS4 Operators Conference
June 26, 2006
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Purpose of SW101
Review the NPDES Phase I Storm Water Program
Review the NPDES Phase II Storm Water Program
Illustrate Phase I and Phase II Integration
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Terms to Know
NPDES - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System CGP – Construction General PermitMS4 – Municipal Separate Storm Sewer SystemSWMP – Storm Water Management ProgramSWP3 or SWPPP – Storm Water Pollution Prevention PlanBMP – Best Management PracticeNOI – Notice of IntentNOT – Notice of TerminationTMDL – Total Maximum Daily LoadESA – Endangered Species ActNHPA – National Historic Preservation ActSHPO/THPO – State or Tribal Historic Preservation Officer
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WHY ARE WE HERE?
CLEAN WATER!
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8American Fisheries Society Web Site www.fisheries.org
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What is storm water?
Runoff from natural precipitation, such as rain events and snow melt and other surface runoff and drainage
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Is there a problem?
According to 2000 305b report, of the 32% of the nation’s waters that were assessed, 40% were impaired: Rivers & Streams: 19% assessed, 39% impaired,
11% of impairment due to urban runoff/storm sewers Lakes & Ponds: 43% assessed, 45% impaired, 18%
of impairment due to urban runoff/storm sewers Estuarine: 36% assessed, 51% impaired, 32% of
impairment due to urban runoff/storm sewers Shoreline miles >50% of are impaired due to urban
runoff/storm sewers
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Why is Storm Water a Problem?
Developed and disturbed land contributes to problemsQualityQuantity
Other pollutants enter storm sewer systems and pollute storm water Illicit discharges Illicit connections
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Storm Water Pollutants
SedimentNutrientsBacteriaOxygen DemandOil and GreaseTrace MetalsToxic ChemicalsChloridesThermal Impacts
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Imperviousness and Water Quality
Consequences of impervious land coverageReduced infiltration of rainwater Increased runoff volumes and velocityCollects and concentrates pollutants Increases ambient air and water
temperature
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Imperviousness vs. Storm Water Runoff
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Changes in Hydrology After Development
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Regulatory Hierarchy
Policy and Guidance
NPDES Perm its(E P A , S ta tes )
Code of Federal Regulations(E P A )
Clean W ater Act(C on g ress )
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Established NPDES, pretreatment, and construction grants programs Permits are a privilege – not a right Effluent limits must be both technology- and water
quality-based Maximum duration is 5 years Provided for State programs Established significant penalties for permit violations
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
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Clean Water Act of 1977
Shifted focus from conventional
pollutants to toxic pollutants
Continued focus on industrial and
municipal wastewater
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Water Quality Act of 1987
Specifies storm water permitting requirements
Established nonpoint source grant program
Increased penalties for noncompliance
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NPDES Statutory Framework
All “point” sources
“Discharging pollutants”
Into “waters of the U.S.”
Must obtain an NPDES permit from EPA or an authorized State
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NPDES Permit ProgramNPDES Permit Program
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A “Point” of Confusion:Point Source vs. Nonpoint
SourcePOINT source Discharge from a discrete point into waters of the
U.S. Travels through a conveyance system Regulated under NPDES permit program
NONPOINT source Runoff that is not a point source Largely a voluntary program at the Federal level
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Waters of the United States40 CFR §122.2
All waters currently used, used in the past, or susceptible to use for interstate or foreign commerce including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide…
Examples of “Waters of the US” include:
- rivers and streamsrivers and streams
- lakes and pondslakes and ponds
- tributariestributaries
- wetlandswetlands
- sloughssloughs
- playa lakesplaya lakes
- territorial seasterritorial seas
- others...others...
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Storm Water Regulatory History
Storm Water Phase I Final RuleNovember 16, 1990
Transportation Act of 1991
Response to the 9th Circuit Court
Decision: December 18, 1992
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Storm Water Regulatory History
Storm Water Phase II Final Rule December 8, 1999 Addresses other sources to protect water quality
Developed over four years with assistance from a Federal Advisory Committee
Over 500 public comments received on proposed rule
Largely upheld by 9th Circuit and Supreme Court
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How is Storm Water Regulated Under the NPDES
Program?Phased approach to regulationPhase I: Regulated discharges from MS4s
and industrial activityPhase II: Regulated discharges from small
MS4s and small construction
Issuance of permits to regulated dischargers
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What does Phase I cover?
11 categories of Industrial Activity Including construction disturbing at least 5 acres
Large and Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) serving a population of at least 100,000
Other sources as designated
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What does Phase II cover?
Small construction disturbing at 1-5 acres
Regulated Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s)
Other sources as designated
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Universe of NPDES Facilities
Municipal and Industrial Sources(60,000)
Stormwater Phase II(200,000)
CAFOs(15,000)
Stormwater Phase I(300,000)
1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
thousands
Storm water facilities represent 75% of NPDES universe!
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Expected Benefits of SW Program
Enhanced commercial, recreational and subsistence fishing
Enhanced opportunities for swimming, boating and noncontact recreation
Reduced flood damage
Drinking water benefits
Navigational benefits
Reduced illness from consuming contaminated seafood and swimming in contaminated water
Enhanced aesthetic value
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Types of NPDES PermitsIndividual 1 application submitted --> 1 permit issued
General 1 permit issued --> many applications submitted Issued on an area-wide (State, watershed, etc.) basis Available when:
Same or similar operations Discharge same wastes
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Permit Issuance Process
F in a l P erm it
A d m in is ta tive R ecord
P u b lic N o tice an dP u b lic C om m en ts
P erm it an d F ac t S h ee tD eve lop m en t
P erm it A p p lica tion
N otice o f In ten tto b e C overed
F in a l P erm it
A d m in is tra tive R ecord
P u b lic N o tice an dP u b lic C om m en ts
P erm it an d F ac t S h ee tD eve lop m en t
In d en tify N eed an dC o llec t D a ta
IndividuaIndividuall
GeneraGenerall
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Permitting Approach:Statutory RequirementsIndustrial PermitsAchieve BAT/BCT and WQS
MS4 PermitsMay be issued on a system-wide basisEffectively prohibit non-storm water
dischargesReduce pollutants to MEP
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Permitting FrameworkEmphasis on pollution preventionMS4 storm water management plan Industrial and construction storm water pollution
prevention plans
Opportunity to develop priorities based on case-specific factors
Allows system/jurisdiction wide permits
Recognizes industry specific characteristics
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Who are the Permitting Authorities for the Storm Water
Program?
45 States and one Territory serve as PAs for the NPDES Storm Water Program
Non-delegated States where EPA is the PA include: AK, ID, MA, NH, and NM
EPA still issues permits on Indian land and for Federal facilities in some authorized States and for some discharges in OK & TX
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NPDES permits are federally enforceable
Violators subject to federal and state enforcement actions and penalties
Compliance with a permit issued pursuant to Section 402 deemed compliance with the Clean Water ActExpedited Settlement Offers (ESOs) being used by EPA enforcement for certain discharges
Enforcement
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Storm Water is just a piece of the Water Quality
Puzzle
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Water Quality Standards (WQS)
Set by States, Territories, and Tribes.
Identify the uses for each waterbody e.g., drinking water supply, swimming, or fishing, and the scientific criteria to support that use.
WQS provide goals for water quality restoration and protection
http://www.epa.gov/ost/standards/
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Effluent Guidelines
Provide national, minimum discharge standards for over fifty major industries
Implemented through NPDES permits
http://www.epa.gov/ost/guide/
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Sanitary Sewer Overflows
Discharges of raw sewage from municipal sanitary sewer systems
Occur due to problems such as limited capacity and infiltration
http://www.epa.gov/owm/sso.htm
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Combined Sewer Overflows
Combined Sewer Systems are not addressed by SW program
CSS serve roughly 950 communities with about 40 million people
CSOs contain not only storm water but also untreated human and industrial waste, toxic materials, and debris
http://www.epa.gov/owm/cso.htm
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Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Program
A TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards, and an allocation of that amount to the pollutant's sources.
http://www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/
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Nonpoint Source (NPS) Management Program
NPS Program encourages voluntary adoption of BMPsSection 319 provides grant funds to States, Territories and Indian TribesCoastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program addresses NPS problems in coastal watershttp://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/
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Where can I get more information?
www.epa.gov/region6/sws
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
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You can order The Ye Olde 96er, a SIX POUND burger at Denny’s Beer Barrel Pub. Source: Seattle News (Caption from picture, EPA neither endorses nor recommends and particular company or product)
Just take it one bite at a time!