1 the diagram below shows a model of the water cycle. the
TRANSCRIPT
1 The diagram below shows a model of the water cycle. The arrows show the move-ment of water molecules through the water cycle. The circled numbers representthe processes that occur as the water molecules reach the different stages of thewater cycle.
Complete the table below by identifying the name of the watercycle process occurring at each number.
Water vaporfrom ocean
Water vaporfrom plants
Groundwater
Sun4
21
3
Ocean5
6
Number Water Cycle Process
1
2
3
4
5
6
2 Which surface soil type has the slowest perme-ability rate and is most likely to produce flooding?(1) pebbles (3) silt(2) sand (4) clay
3 A stream flowing at a velocity of 75 centimetersper second can transport(1) clay, only(2) pebbles, only(3) pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, only(4) boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay
7 The diagram below shows a section of a meanderin a stream. The arrows show the direction ofstream flow.
The streambank on the outside of this meander issteeper than the streambank on the inside of thismeander because the water on the outside of thismeander is moving(1) slower, causing deposition(2) faster, causing deposition(3) slower, causing erosion(4) faster, causing erosion
6 Which agent of erosion is mainly responsible forthe formation of the depressions occupied byboth the kettle lakes and finger lakes found inNew York State?(1) wind (3) streams(2) waves (4) glaciers
4 The cross section below shows a profile of a sediment deposit.
The pattern of sediment size shown indicates that these sediments were most likely depositedwithin a (1) landslide (3) moraine(2) drumlin (4) delta
(Drawn to scale)
8 The cross sections below show a three-stage sequence in the development of aglacial feature.
Which glacial feature has formed by the end of stage 3?(1) kettle lake (3) drumlin(2) finger lake (4) parallel scratches
Stage 3Stage 2
Meltingice
block
More sediments
Block ofglacial ice
Glacial till or outwash
Stage 1
5 What will be the most probable arrangement ofrock particles deposited directly by a glacier? (1) sorted and layered(2) sorted and not layered(3) unsorted and layered(4) unsorted and not layered
9 The map below shows barrier islands in the oceanalong the coast of Texas.
Which agent of erosion most likely formed thesebarrier islands?(1) mass movement (3) streams(2) wave action (4) glaciers
10 The cross section below shows soil layer X, whichwas formed from underlying bedrock.
Which change would most likely cause soil layer Xto increase in thickness?(1) a decrease in slope(2) a decrease in rainfall(3) an increase in biologic activity (4) an increase in air pressure
Soillayer
X
Bedrock
N
Texas
Gulf of Mexico
Barrier islands
11 The diagram below shows four mineral samples, each having approximately the same mass.
If all four samples are placed together in a closed, dry container and shaken vigorouslyfor 10 minutes, which mineral sample would experience the most abrasion?(1) quartz (3) pyroxene(2) amphibole (4) galena
PyroxeneQuartz Amphibole Galena
Base your answers to questions 12 through 1 3 on the diagram below, which shows a coastal region in whichthe land slopes toward the ocean. Point X is near the top of the hill, point Y is at the base of the hill, and pointZ is a location at sea level. The same type of surface bedrock underlies this entire region. A stream flows frompoint X through point Y to point Z. This stream is not shown in the diagram.
13 Compared to the stream velocity between point X and point Y, the stream velocitybetween point Y and point Z is most likely(1) greater, since the slope of the land decreases(2) greater, since the slope of the land increases(3) less, since the slope of the land decreases(4) less, since the slope of the land increases
X
YZ
HillslopeCoastal plain
Oce
an
12 Which cross section best shows the pattern of sediments deposited by the stream asit enters the ocean near point Z?
( 1 ) ( 3 )
( 2 ) ( 4 )
Stream StreamStream Stream
Stream StreamStream
Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the two graphs below, which show the relationship betweenthe amount of rainfall during a storm and the amount of discharge into a nearby stream. Letter A representsthe time when approximately 50% of the precipitation from the storm has fallen. Letter B represents the timewhen peak runoff from the storm is flowing into the stream. The delay is the difference in time between letters A and B on the graph. Graph I shows data before urbanization in an area. Graph II shows data afterurbanization in the same area.
14 The delay time between points A and B on both graphs is due mainly to the timeneeded for(1) groundwater to evaporate(2) precipitation water to move into the streams(3) green plants to absorb precipitation(4) rainfall rate to decrease
15 How did urbanization affect delay time between points A and B and the maximumstream discharge?(1) The delay time decreased, and the maximum discharge decreased.(2) The delay time decreased, and the maximum discharge increased.(3) The delay time increased, and the maximum discharge decreased.(4) The delay time increased, and the maximum discharge increased.
Am
ou
nt
of
Wat
er
A
B
Delay
Time
Precipitation
Streamdischarge
Graph I: Precipitation and StreamDischarge Before Urbanization
Am
ou
nt
of
Wat
er
Time
Graph II: Precipitation and StreamDischarge After Urbanization
B
Delay
APrecipitation
Streamdischarge
Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the diagrams below. Diagrams A, B, and C represent three different river valleys.
16 Which bar graph best represents the relative gradients of the main rivers shown indiagrams A, B, and C?
17 Most sediments found on the floodplain shown in diagram A are likely to be(1) angular and weathered from underlying bedrock (2) angular and weathered from bedrock upstream(3) rounded and weathered from underlying bedrock (4) rounded and weathered from bedrock upstream
( 1 )
Gra
die
ntSteep
Gentle
Diagram
( 3 )
Diagram
( 2 )
Diagram
( 4 )
Diagram
A B C
A B C A B C
A B C
Gra
die
ntSteep
Gentle
Gra
die
nt
Gra
die
ntSteep
Gentle
Gra
die
ntSteep
Gentle
Gra
die
nt
Gra
die
ntSteep
Gentle
Diagram A Diagram CDiagram B
18 The diagram below shows tubes A and B partly filled with equal volumes of round plastic beads of uniform size. The beads in tube A are smaller than the beads in tube B. Water was placed in tube A until the pore spaces were filled. The drain valvewas then opened, and the amount of time for the water to drain from the tube wasrecorded. The amount of water that remained around the beads was then calculated and recorded. Data table 1 shows the measurements recorded using tube A.
If the same procedure was followed with tube B, which data table shows the measurements most likely recorded?
(1) (3)
(2) (4)
Data Table 2: Tube B
water required to fill pore spaces 168 mL
time required for draining 1.4 sec
water that remained around the beadsafter draining
36 mL
Data Table 2: Tube B
water required to fill pore spaces 168 mL
time required for draining 3.2 sec
water that remained around the beadsafter draining
46 mL
Data Table 2: Tube B
water required to fill pore spaces 124 mL
time required for draining 3.2 sec
water that remained around the beadsafter draining
36 mL
Data Table 2: Tube B
water required to fill pore spaces 124 mL
time required for draining 1.4 sec
water that remained around the beadsafter draining
26 mL
Data Table 1: Tube A
water required to fill pore spaces 124 mL
time required for draining 2.1 sec
water that remained around the beadsafter draining
36 mL
Tube A Tube B
Drainvalves
Base your answers to questions 19 through 2 1 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows the average monthly discharge, in cubic feet per second, for a stream in NewYork State.
Data Table
19 On the grid in your answer booklet, plot with an X the average stream discharge foreach month shown in the data table. Connect the Xs with a line.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Discharge(ft3/sec)
48 52 59 66 62 70 72 59 55 42 47 53
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec40
50
60
70
Month
Dis
char
ge
(ft3 /
sec)
Average Monthly Stream Discharge
20 State the relationship between this stream’s discharge and the amount of suspendedsediment that can be carried by this stream.
21 Explain one possible reason why this stream’s discharge in April is usually greater thanthis stream’s discharge in January.