PowerPoint Presentation

1SCIENCETest 1: Passage 7

The human threshold of hearing is the minimum intensity at each sound frequency required for a sound to be heard by humans. The human threshold of pain is the maximum intensity at each sound frequency that humans can tolerate without pain.

The figure below displays, for sounds in water and in air, the human thresholds of hearing and of pain. The figure also shows S, the percent increase in air density and water density that accompanies the compression of air and water by sound waves of given intensities. Sound intensities are given in decibels (db) and frequencies are given in hertz [(Hz); 1 Hz = 1 cycle/sec].

Passage 72

Figure adapted from Rita G. Lerner and George L. Trigg, eds., Encyclopedia of Physics, 2nd ed. 1991 by VCH Publishers, Inc.

3Passage 7 Questions36. According to the figure, which of the following is closest to the lowest frequency that can be heard by a human being? 1. 8 Hz 2. 20 Hz 3. 1,000 Hz 4. 20,000 Hz

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4Passage 7 Questions36. According to the figure, which of the following is closest to the lowest frequency that can be heard by a human being? 1. 8 Hz 2. 20 Hz 3. 1,000 Hz 4. 20,000 Hz

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5Passage 7 Questions36. According to the figure, which of the following is closest to the lowest frequency that can be heard by a human being? 1. 8 Hz 2. 20 Hz 3. 1,000 Hz 4. 20,000 Hz

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6Passage 7 Questions36. According to the figure, which of the following is closest to the lowest frequency that can be heard by a human being? 1. 8 Hz 2. 20 Hz 3. 1,000 Hz 4. 20,000 Hz

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7Passage 7 Questions37. As humans age, it is common for selective hearing loss to occur at high sound frequencies. Which of the following figures best illustrates this loss?

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Passage 7 Questions37. As humans age, it is common for selective hearing loss to occur at high sound frequencies. Which of the following figures best illustrates this loss?

9Before loss9

Passage 7 Questions37. As humans age, it is common for selective hearing loss to occur at high sound frequencies. Which of the following figures best illustrates this loss?

10Before lossAfter loss10

Passage 7 Questions37. As humans age, it is common for selective hearing loss to occur at high sound frequencies. Which of the following figures best illustrates this loss?

11Before lossAfter loss11Passage 7 Questions38. Based on the figure, a sound of a given frequency will have the highest intensity for which of the following sets of conditions? Sound is passing through: S. 1. water 100 %2. water 108 %3. air 100 %4. air 108 %12

12Passage 7 Questions38. Based on the figure, a sound of a given frequency will have the highest intensity for which of the following sets of conditions? Sound is passing through: S. 1. water 100 %2. water 108 %3. air 100 %4. air 108 %13

13Passage 7 Questions38. Based on the figure, a sound of a given frequency will have the highest intensity for which of the following sets of conditions? Sound is passing through: S. 1. water 100 %2. water 108 %3. air 100 %4. air 108 %14

14Passage 7 Questions38. Based on the figure, a sound of a given frequency will have the highest intensity for which of the following sets of conditions? Sound is passing through: S. 1. water 100 %2. water 108 %3. air 100 %4. air 108 %15

15Passage 7 Questions39. A student hypothesized that sounds of any intensity at a frequency of 105 Hz would be painful for humans to hear. Do the data in the figure support this hypothesis? 1.Yes, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases above 105 Hz, the threshold of pain increases. 3.No, because humans cannot hear sounds at 105 Hz. 4.No, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 16

16Passage 7 Questions39. A student hypothesized that sounds of any intensity at a frequency of 105 Hz would be painful for humans to hear. Do the data in the figure support this hypothesis? 1.Yes, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases above 105 Hz, the threshold of pain increases. 3.No, because humans cannot hear sounds at 105 Hz. 4.No, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 17

17Passage 7 Questions39. A student hypothesized that sounds of any intensity at a frequency of 105 Hz would be painful for humans to hear. Do the data in the figure support this hypothesis? 1.Yes, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases above 105 Hz, the threshold of pain increases. 3.No, because humans cannot hear sounds at 105 Hz. 4.No, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 18

18Passage 7 Questions39. A student hypothesized that sounds of any intensity at a frequency of 105 Hz would be painful for humans to hear. Do the data in the figure support this hypothesis? 1.Yes, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases above 105 Hz, the threshold of pain increases. 3.No, because humans cannot hear sounds at 105 Hz. 4.No, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 19

19Passage 7 Questions39. A student hypothesized that sounds of any intensity at a frequency of 105 Hz would be painful for humans to hear. Do the data in the figure support this hypothesis? 1.Yes, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases above 105 Hz, the threshold of pain increases. 3.No, because humans cannot hear sounds at 105 Hz. 4.No, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 20

20Passage 7 Questions39. A student hypothesized that sounds of any intensity at a frequency of 105 Hz would be painful for humans to hear. Do the data in the figure support this hypothesis? 1.Yes, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases above 105 Hz, the threshold of pain increases. 3.No, because humans cannot hear sounds at 105 Hz. 4.No, because the threshold of pain is relatively constant with changes in frequency. 21

21Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.22

22Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.23

23Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.24

24Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.25

25Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.26

26Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.27

27Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.28

28Passage 7 Questions40. Based on the figure, does S depend on the frequency of a sound wave of a given intensity? 1.Yes, because as frequency increases, S increases. 2.Yes, because as frequency increases, S remains constant. 3.No, because as frequency increases, S increases. 4.No, because as frequency increases, S remains constant.29

2930SCIENCEEnd of Test 1: Passage 7