1 the si (metric) system instruments that use the metric system
TRANSCRIPT
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The Standard Units• Scientists generally report results
in an agreed upon International System.
• The SI SystemAka Système International
Quantity Measured Name of Unit Abbreviation
Mass kilogram kgLength meter mVolume liter LTime seconds sTemperature Kelvin K
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Length• Measure of the two-dimensional distance an object
covers.• SI unit = meter
About 3½ inches longer than a yard.• 1 meter = one ten-millionth the distance from the
North Pole to the Equator = distance between marks on standard metal rod in a Paris vault = distance covered by a certain number of wavelengths of a special color of light
• Commonly use centimeters (cm). 1 cm ~ width of your pinky nail 1 m = 100 cm 1 cm = 0.01 m = 10 mm 1 inch = 2.54 cm (exactly)
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Mass• Measure of the amount of
matter present in an object.• SI unit = kilogram (kg)
About 2 lbs. 3 oz.• Commonly measure mass in
grams (g) or milligrams (mg).1 kg = 2.2046 pounds, 1 lbs. =
453.59 g1 kg = 1000 g = 103 g, 1 g = 1000 mg = 103 mg1 g = 0.001 kg = 10-3 kg, 1 mg = 0.001 g = 10-3 g
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Time• Measure of the
duration of an event.
• SI units = second (s)
• 1 s is defined as the period of time it takes for a specific number of radiation events of a specific transition from cesium-133.
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Temperature• Measure of the average
amount of kinetic energy (molecular motion).higher temperature = larger
average kinetic energySI unit = Kelvin (K)
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Related Units in the SI System
• All units in the SI system are related to the standard unit by a power of 10.
• The power of 10 is indicated by a prefix.
• The prefixes are always the same, regardless of the standard unit.
• It is usually best to measure a property in a unit close to the size of the property. It reduces the number
of confusing zeros.
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Common Prefixes in the SI System
Prefix SymbolDecimal
EquivalentPower of 10
mega- M 1,000,000 Base x 106
kilo- k 1,000 Base x 103
deci- d 0.1 Base x 10-1
centi- c 0.01 Base x 10-2
milli- m 0.001 Base x 10-3
micro- m or mc 0.000 001 Base x 10-6
nano- n 0.000 000 001 Base x 10-9
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Prefixes Used to Modify Standard Unit
• kilo = 1000 times base unit = 103
1 km = 1000 m = 103 m• deci = 0.1 times the base unit = 10-1
1 dL = 0.1 L = 10-1 L; 1 L = 10 dL• centi = 0.01 times the base unit = 10-2
1 cm = 0.01 m = 10-2 m; 1 m = 100 cm• milli = 0.001 times the base unit = 10-3
1 mg = 0.001 g = 10-3 g; 1 g = 1000 mg• micro = 10-6 times the base unit
1 m = 10-6 m; 106 m = 1 m• nano = 10-9 times the base unit
1 nL = 10-9L; 109 nL = 1 L
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Practice—Which of the Following Units Would Be Best Used for Measuring the
Diameter of a Quarter?
a) kilometer
b) meter
c) centimeter
d) micrometer
e) megameters
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Practice—Which of the Following Units Would Be Best Used for Measuring the
Diameter of a Quarter?, Continued
a) kilometer
b) meter
c) centimeter
d) micrometer
e) megameters
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Volume• Derived unit.
Any length unit cubed.• Measure of the amount of
space occupied.• SI unit = cubic meter
(m3)• Commonly measure liquid
or gas volume in milliliters (mL).1 L is slightly larger than 1
quart.1 L = 1 dm3 = 1000 mL =
103 mL 1 mL = 0.001 L = 10-3 L1 mL = 1 cm3
SI Prefix Conversions
20 cm = ______________ m
0.032 L = ______________ mL
45 m = ______________ nm
805 dm = ______________ km
0.2
0.0805
45,000
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Common Units and Their Equivalents
Length1 kilometer (km) = 0.6214 mile (mi)
1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches (in.)1 meter (m) = 1.094 yards (yd)
1 foot (ft) = 30.48 centimeters (cm)1 inch (in.) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)
exactly
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Common Units and Their Equivalents, Continued
Volume
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 liter (L) = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3)
1 liter (L) = 1.057 quarts (qt)
1 U.S. gallon (gal) = 3.785 liters (L)
Mass
1 kilogram (km) = 2.205 pounds (lb)
1 pound (lb) = 453.59 grams (g)
1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 (g)
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Which Is Larger?
• 1 yard or 1 meter?
• 1 mile or 1 km?• 1 cm or 1 inch?• 1 kg or 1 lb?• 1 mg or 1 mg?• 1 qt or 1 L?• 1 L or 1 gal?• 1 gal or 1000
cm3?